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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 10, 1960)
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDTOHO, On. THTJSSBAY, NOVEMBER 10, I960 The Rogue River Fisheries Rims Reviewed c V7V7 nmicen" 2 C. n n n Stee l head Chicken, Turkey Crossed To Make Hybrid 'Churk' Bcltsvillc, Md. (Science Sorvice)-A chicken and a tur key have been crossed to make the "churck," a bird as rare as hen's teeth This hybrid, the first of its kind, is not for the Thanks- Riving table-only tnree are now alive, The futher is a dark Cornish chicken, the mother, a white Beltsville turkey. : The history-making cross of the two families of birds was achieved by Dr. Marlow W Olsen of the poultry research blanch of the U.S. Depart ment of Agriculture here. Hai Long Neck i Dr. Olsen said the chicken- turkey cross has the long neck and the white skin of its tur key mother, and the general size and dark coloring of the feathers of its chicken father. Its long neck is feathered but without wattles. Its legs are like those of a young turkey. Dr. Olsen said it would not be practical to produce the hybrids commercially, since they are very difficult to bring through the hatching stage and keep alive. Some 2,1)00 eggs were processed to produce the live birds. All the "churks" have some delects, such as crooked leas or beaks. Another abnormal ity, Dr. Olsen said, is that the hybrid birds' feathers grow in a twist, probably be cause of unequal growth in the cells. Weak Individuals The hybrids are weak !n dividuals, Dr Olsen said. They are kept in a separate pen by themselves, because they would be pecked to death If mixed with other fowl, either chicken or tur key. The "churk" is a silent bird It has neither the "gobble, gobble" of the turkey parent nor the crowing of the rooster father. Dr. Olsen said it lets out a chirp something like a chicken, but only when It Is disturbed. The hybrids are all male birds, and unable to repro duce themselves. The reason for this Is the different num ' ber of chromosomes In chick ens (six pairs) and turkeys (nine pairs). The hybrids gel a single set of chromosomes from each parent (six from the chicken, nine from the turkey). Thus they end up NATURAL 24 Mistletoe Natural gat will be hero In the near future. Plan now to install a FORCED AIR FURNACE in your home or business. , FAST --CLEAN -- Economical Heating! INTRODUCTORY OFFER :::!;:!"riea 18995 CALL US TODAY FOR YOUR FREE HEATING ESTIMATE CALL SP .VHOHeaMKai VETERANS DAY i Yesl BRUCE BAUER LUMBER Will Be Open for Your Convenience Friday, Nov. 11 DON'T FORGET WE ARE ALSO CLOSED SUNDAYS UNTIL SPRING - FURNITURE - See the bargains In unfinished and finished furniture The finest (election available and lowest prices tool f 1 SI ' ' w w m w with IS chromosomes that cannot pair up and produce offspring. This means that a turkey and chicken would have to be cross-bred every- time a hybrid is to be pro duced. The "churk" was produced completely by accident, Dr, Olsen said. Geneticists have tried unsuccessfully to pro duce this cross breed at Belts ville. Drs. V. S. Asmundson and F. W Lorenz experiment ed with hybrids of ring-neck ed pheasants, turkeys and do mestic fowl, none of which ever hatched. Offspring Always Male Dr. Olscn's chicken-turkeys showed up in a batch of tur key eggs he had fertilized artificially from dark Cornish chicken stock in trying to produce parthenogenic, or fa therless, turkeys. The fatherless turkey was originally bred by Dr. Olsen at Beltsville. These turkeys, the offspring of virgin tur keys, are always male. In the experiment that led to the "churk," Dr. Olsen was hoping to encourage par thenogenesis in the turkeys by inseminating them with the dark Cornish chicken stock. The hybrids resulted, however, Dr. Olsen said that cross breeding would not be suc cessful if ordinary turkeys and dark Cornish fowl were used to produce the hybrid. He selected stock that showed particular tendency toward parthenogenesis for his ex periment. Forestry Relations Director Retires Salem-IUPII-Lynn F. Crone miller, public relations direc tor with the Oregon Forestry Department, ; retired Wednes day after qlosc to 37 years with the department. Cronemiller, who Is 70, be came a deputy slate forester in 1024 and served as assist ant state forester and state forester before becoming di rector of publicity five years ago. Cronemiller plans to oper ate a private forestry consult ing business In Salem. GAS EQUIPMENT CO SP 3-4831 FREE Heating Estimate of Your Home or Set the GAS vs. ELECTRIC Heating Cost 3-4831 For an Appointment in Your Home or Business OPE 765 SOUTH RIVERSIDE "THE BUILDITORIUM" Phone SP 2-6211 AnglersTakeMore In Fall Run Than Other Rogue Runs (Editor's note: This U in second in a series of ar ticles on the Rogue river fishery and its management. The articles are presented at this lime because surveys of the Rogue basin looking to a water control program are nearlng completion, and they may aid in understand ing the Rogue, its fish life and proposed dams on the river and its tributaries. (The author. Cole M. Riv ers, fisheries agent. Oregon state game commission, has been a resident of the Rogue basin for IB years, making biological investigations for the game commission. He is one of the few persons con sidered an authority on the fishery in the Rogue, its problems and management. (Today's article is the second dealing with Steel head and discusses the char acteristics, use and manage ment of the fall and winter runs of steelhead.) By COLE M. RIVERS Fisheries Agent Oregon State Game Commission Fall-run steelhead enter the lower Rogue when the river has started to cool off from h o t, summer temperatures. A few fish en ter the mouth and mill around pools in tile lower s i x miles of the river as early as late July, but a cole iiivcn definite move ment upstream does not usual ly start until the last week in August, Fall steelhead are voracious feeders. They strike on many forms of tackle that resemble some type of food. They are fat and strong from feeding on an abundance of aquatic insects. When hooked they show their zest by a spectacu lar display of acrobatics. Thousands of anglers pur sue this run and more fish are taken than from any of the other runs in the Rogue system. To a large degree, the fall-run steelhead, along with the spring run, has made the Rogue a famous fishing stream, primarily because the Medford Business Chart at BAUER LUMBER. fj- jM Sx r4 if : s, iHF I ' frZl "5UJ Li ..- " rT-. j;.-. '-' COUNTING STATION-The Gold Ray count ing station near Gold Hill is used to count : salmon and steelhead as they pass through fish are readily taken and show a preference for arti ficial flies. Another reason, as claimed by many anglers who fish waters all over the world, Is that pound for pound they fight as hard, if not hard er, than any other sports fish. Taken by Anglers A high percentage of the fall run is taken by anglers Most are caught in the lower canyon with the heaviest take around the Illahe-Agness area. Fair to good catches are made upstream through the canyon as far as Robertson bridge. Sample catch figures indicate that 25,000 were taken from the large 1959 run. Fall steelhead are small fish. They average slightly over 17 inches with some as small as 10 inches in length. Weights average around a pound and a quarter with some weighing up to 7 pounds. Small fish of this run are largely those that go to sea in the early part of their sec ond or third year of life and return on their spawning run several months later. Larger fish are either those that migrate early to sea and re turn a year and a half later or those that are returning to spawn the second or third time. Has Been Questioned That these small fish actual ly are going to mature and spawn has been questioned. There Is evidence that a few are on a false migration, but most have been found devel oping to sexual maturity by late March or early April. This run of steelhead shows a preference for tributaries in the middle section of the Rogue and, therefore, only a part of the run is counted over the Gold Rey dam. Dur ing a year with a peculiar water pattern, the run has been found using the main channel of the Rogue. Only a scattered few fish of the fall run use the Applegate or Illinois river systems. The low ebb of fall steel head that occurred in the re cent 10-year period can be al most direclly attributed to logging practices employed in the Rogue basin during the 1940s. Few tributaries throughout the mid-basin area escaped the destruction of cover, silt loads, and debris choked channels. The large 1959 run Is be lieved to have rosulted from (1) tributary recovery and soil stabilization, (2) screens over the turbine Intakes at Savage Rapids, and (3) the occurrence of two preceding mild win ters. All three factors, or combinations thereof, could have contributed to the large numbers of fish in that run. Winter Steelhead Winter run sieelhead nose Into the Rogue after sufficient rain has fallen to raise the river above tall levels. The main motivation of migration is sexual development. Cold water periods through (he winter months retard both the rate of sexual develop ment and the rate of migra tion. When water temper atures arc warmer than 40 degress F., they move up stream. The warmer the wa ter, the faster they migrate. When water temperatures drop below 40 degrees F., they stop in deep holes and refuse to move until temperatures rise again. The first winter fish start up the river In November: the bulk comes In December, usually on a warm southwest storm. The run reaches the middle section of the Rogue In early or mid-January and ncaks at Gold Rey in March Winter fish migrate to nearly all portions of the Rogue basin that can be reached. Heaviest use (or spawning oc curs In mid and lower sec tions of the basin, with light- FISH JUMPING-A winter steelhead jumps at the old fish ladder channel at the Illinois falls. Fish will be able to pass with ease over the falls through the new fish ladder which is being constructed commission. est use in upper river areas. Branches of this winter run, called races, travel into the Illinois and Applegate river systems. The Illinois race starts early and continues through February and March. These fish are similar to the steelhead that are found in other coastal streams of Ore gon. They average 7 pounds and a few are taken at 16 pounds or better. Because of the unique fea tures of the Illinois canyon from Kerby to the mouth of Briggs creek and the numbers and size of the fish, Illinois river steelhead produce the second most popular fishery in the Rogue basin. The Applegate race is a late runner with the bulk not showing until March and April. A few of the forerun ners appear in the catch in late January and early Febru ary. Rogue Steelhead Rogue river winter steel head are large fish which fol low the normal 4-year life pat tern of most coastal stream steelhead. Even those that re turn to spawn in their third year have grown to slightly larger size than spring and fall-run fish because they have spent from four to seven months longer in the ocean before returning. Many of the late winter fish produce young that prefer to make their downstream mi gralion to the ocean during their first year of life, result ing In an even longer salt water growing period than the spring and fall races. The winter run makes up the largest part of the Rogue basin s steelhead population. Because of high water through the winter months, many of these fish are never exposed to anglers and a good spawn ing escapement is the general rule. Hcnvy catches are made in the Agness-Illahe area, par- Portland-Eugene Freeway Opens Salem -HIM-The final seg ment of the Pacific freeway between Portland and Eugene opened to traffic at 10 a.m. today, cutting travel time be tween the two cities to less than two hours. The 25-mile Halscy interchange-Eugene section makes the distance from Portland to Eugene on the freeway 109 miles instead of 121 miles over old R9E, the original route. Traffic will be uninterrupt ed on the four lane divided freeway except for a 5.9 mile section between the Halsey Sweet Home Interchange and Belts road where southbound traffic will be dctourcd along one northbound lane until next spring when improved weather permits completion I of the unfinished section!. I i 'vtltlii&ifi the fish ladders on their way to spawning grounds of the Upper Rogue river. (UPI Telepohoto) by the Oregon state game (UPI Telephoto) ticularly when the run is stop ped by cold water conditions. A reasonable harvest is re alized by sports fishermen in the middle section of the Rogue when weather and re sulting water conditions permit. In the same way that sterling on silver signifies a standard of known value, so is the A.B.C. em blem a symbol of integrity for the circulation of newspapers and periodicals. 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