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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 8, 1960)
1 B MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, ORE. TUESDAY. NOVEMBER 8. I960 CHIT ' By JOE COWLEY Mall Tribune m Editor Last . week we printed grower? on how to stop the Agricultuial Worker Organiz ing committee before it arrives here from California. We smoked out quite a few opinions and comments from mem' bers of the pear industry and some from the general public One thing we learned is the town meeting is dead. It used how crazy, would be kicked would be hammered out under the heat of intense argu mcnts. Here, we had the heat, anyway. One well-known packing said he thought the article senting information which otherwise would not have come out. We would bet that one of the large packing houses will build its own labor dormitory in the near future and daily payment of pickers by house wfli be the practice. We would like to make it to start a fight. We were which we hoped would get sible solutions to the farm labor problem. We are glad that the fruit Industry answered. The two articles, in Sunday's and Monday's paper, were well presented and clearly gave the fruit Industry views on this controversial and not easy to solve problem. The two articles brought out many tilings and a lot of good informalion. We tried to present something similar two years the approval of the pear industry to release such Informa tion. Wc assume there has been considerable other planning behind closed doors which for strategic reasons cannot be revealed. Of course, how effective the present and the planned programs are will be determined when the AWOC arrives. That's one thing which a number of people agree with-that the AWOC drive will start here either next pear season or the one after it. An article in the Oct. 1 Issue of the California Farmer under the headline, "The Cocked Pistol," states farming lias been left out of the operations of labor laws. Reason for this, the article explains is "it has been recognized that farming-being as it is at the elements of nature and dealing modities-is so vulnerable as the coercive powers granted dealings with industry." We asked one packinghouse a member of the inner pear industry council, what the In dustry plans to do when an organizing drive on farm labor starts here. "We will pay the highest rales wc can possibly afford to pay and still make a profit," he said. But, again quoting from the article, "The Cocked Pistol," "Contrary to the Impression Mr. Smith (Norman Smith, AWOC head) has tried to create in the minds of the public, this fight is not about wages or conditions of work. He represents no one. He Is not authorized to bargain for any body. He, is in effect, coercing farm workers into a union by cutting off their access to the job." , The California Farmer editor wrote in his Oct. 1 article "That farmers of California don't know what to do and have no plans to find out." Unified action is required, he urged. He suggests a "Bill of Rights" for both farmer and employee tailored to their particular needs and conditions. And that Is what our two pear growers tried to suggest, whether or not you agree with their statements. ' The Nov. 5 issue of the torial, urges collective action of farmers. This must be car ried out by people "who think they have the capacity and stature to plan and direct this fight," it was pointed out. The California Farmer editor also points out that such lead ers must know they will have the support of the state's farmers. We might add, for this area, civil and govern mental agencies, too-or at least their fair impartiality. - Oregon farmers are already doing something about this labor threat. The apple and pear section of the Oregon Slate Horticultural Society Nov. 17 will feature a talk on harvest labor problems in California by Bruce Sanborne, San Fran cisco attorney. Vegetable growtxs at the hort society meet ing have a panel on the same topic. Indlcatirn arc that the battle will he waged on a state wide basis I trough the Oregon Farm Bureau. The fruit growers have their own unit here. The OFBF has formed a farm labor committee. Howard Fujli, OFBF commodity chairman, and OFB President Gerald Deterlng, visited a struck furmcr in California and watched the AWOC strike. From their observations, and suggestions received in Cali fornia, will come some proposals to be presented at the OFBF convention in Eugene gram Monday, Nov. 14, consists of talks and discussions of the farm labor organization The recently formed farm labor committee "will follow the workings of new efforts to organize farm labor in the west, but will also seek to improve farm labor conditions within the state," Dave Lowry, operator of the Associated Fruit company packing house In Phoenix, is on the committee. Fruit grow ers here will remember Howard Fujli from his talk before the Fruit Growers League last year. He was here lo help organize the fruit growers unit. Within five minutes after for printing Tuesday's article, Her remarks were both complimentary and uncomplimcn tary to members of the pear industry could do more to encourage teen-agers lo pick pears However, some pear men wc talked to pointed out the diffi culties in this and added they use as much capable teen age labor as they can before school opens. : Anyway, she said her boy been picking pears all season most $1,000 of his earnings indicated, may be used for his future education. She told of another boy who paid off a large hospital bill by picking pears. Two other teen-age boys she knows, would ride their bikes out to orchards north of This mother also related how she would gel up at 4:30 a.m. to cook her son a good breakfast, drive him to the orchard and pick him up at rubber pads for his shoulders more comfortably. "I don't blame the pear growers for gelling fed up when the kids fool around in (he orchards, tossing pears back and forth," she said. "Good picking foremen make a lot of difference, In whether the kids will really get in and work," she added. (Again, these are not our ideas. We are Just repeating opinions.) . This mother suggested that be organized under teachers ilies could be encouraged to pick, also. She didn't claim that such domestic pickers could do a belter Job than Mex ican Nationals. This was not mentioned. She believes that there are many boys big and strong enough at the age of 14 to pick. (Again, this is what she said. It's not our idea.) She feels that kids busy picking do not become Juvenile de linquent. She also admitted that growers are taking a risk in employing youngsters. "Insurance companies have 'cm so tied up they arc afraid to bat an eye," she remarked. ' Ptar people wc have talked to say youngsters do not like ladder work, for some reason. It takes a lot of strength and agility to stand on top of a ladder and pick with two ' hands, they point out. Kids want the more glamorous Jobs of swamper and truck driver. near the end of the season, CHAT- the Ideas of two amall pear old idea of the New England to be that an idea, no matter around. Then a better Idea house operator in the county spurred the industry Into pre at least one prominent packing clear that we were not trying merely presenting some ideas people to think about some pos ago, but were unable to get mercy of the seasons and the with highly perishable com to be utterly helpless against to labor with reference to its operator, who seems to be California Farmer, In an edi Nov. 13-16. Much of the pro threat. tcn-fnrnier steering committee of a pear grower bawled us out a Mcdford mother called us. industry. She thinks the pear who is now almost 17, has since he was 12. He has al still in the bank which, she town to pick, she said. night. She made special foam so the pear bucket would ride platoons of teen-agers could or parents. She thought fam When labor Is sorely needed school opens and cuts off thisjwt guess it really isn't our problem. -.: v!- V J V - .--, (, . AUCTION PEN This pen was photograph ed at the feeder sale held at Mid-Way Auc tion yards here in October. Then 1,520 head of cattle brought an overall price of $175,- State Hort Plans 75th Meeting, Nov. 17-18 Corvallis - The Oregon Slate Horticultural Society -senior farm commodity organ ization in the state - will hold its Diamond Jubilee meeting on the Oregon State college campus Nov. 17 and 18. About 1,000 fruit and vege table growers from over the tale arc expected to attend the 75th annual meeting of the society, reports C. O. Rawlings, OSC extension hor ticulturist who is secretary of h e organization. Growers will hear reports on latest trends in production and mar keting of their products. Society president W. J. Ha- zcltine, Parkdale, said that growers, Industry representa tives, and OSC scientists will team up to present and dis cuss topics selected by special committees of growers and industry people. More than 50 program presentations are scheduled during the two days. Most of the program will be presented during four sec tlonal meetings set up to han die special interests of grow ers of small fruits, vegetable crops, apples and pears, and stone fruits. Sectional meet ings will open the meeting Nov. 17 at 0:30 a.m. Topics Listed Topics to be discussed dur ing the sectional meetings in clude bulk handling of fruits and vegetables, control of birds and rodents in fruit and vegetable crops, labor prob lems, pesticide residues and regulations, mechanical har vesting of crops, new varie ties being developed, and cur rent research projects. General assemblies of the group are scheduled the first afternoon, and the second morning. At the first session, growers will hear a panel dis cuss sources of credit and methods of financing horticul tural enterprises. At the sec ond session, Justus C. Ward chief of the pesticides regula tion branch of the USDA plant pest control division, will discuss the purpose and administration of pest icidc controls, Another highlight of the meeting will be the annual banquet, to be held Nov. 17 the first night. Roy Webster, Hood River, will be master of ceremonies, and the annual Hartman Cup presentation will be made at the banquet Dr. A, L. Strand, president of OSC, will give the banquet Oregon Sets ID Example Salcm-Oregon's state regu lations regarding identifica tion of vaccinated cattle arc being considered In Washing ton, D.C., as the standard for the United States according to Dr. L. E. Bodenweiscr, state veterinarian. Dr. Bodenweiscr, r e p r c scntlng the Oregon Depart ment of Agriculture, recently attended the 64th annual meeting of the U.S. Livestock Sanitary Association held in Charleston, West Virginia. He reports that several sessions were spent on discussion of the brucellosis program. Bru cellosis Is a disease of cattle. "Cattlemen and regulatory supply of youth. Since so few youngsters pick, it hardly pays to keep school closed until the .season ncars its end a pear man said, who Is also many youngsters just don't know how to work and orchards cannot be used for classrooms for this purpose, another said. One pear shipper did think, however, the idea of a pear picker school "docs have some merit, if only to elevate the status of the picker." So those are some opinions. Is lite Industry's and not ours, hope an effective solution is Society Annual address titled, "75 Years Is a Short Time." The business meeting of the society will be held during the second general session. A special luncheon meeting of the 5-Ton Strawberry club and ' the Strawberry council will be held the second day of the meeting. All fruit and vegetable growers, industry representa tives, and other interested persons are welcome to at tend the conference, Rawlings added. More information on the horticultural meeting can be obtained at county exten sion offices. Panel Listed The pear decline panel scheduled for 3 p.m., Thurs day, Nov. 17, will include Clifford B. Cordy, Jackson county horticultural agent, moderator; Thomas A. Shalla, plant pathologist, Placerville, Calif.; C. G. Woodbridgc, Washington Stale university horticulturist; Henry Hart- man, OSC horticulturist; and Ron Cameron, OSC plant pathologist. Other topics set for the Thursday session are: "How Will the Export Market Fit Inlo the Picture for Apples and Pears?" by Ernest Falk, manager, Northwest Horlicul tural society, Yakima, Wash.; "Tile Present Virus Situation in Apples and Pears," by J A. Milbralh, plant pathologist, OSC. "Recent Developments In Control of Certain Storage Disorders in Winter Pears," will be related by Elmer Han sen, OSC horticulturist. "Har vest Labor Problems in Cali fornia," will be discussed by Bruce Sanborne, San Francis co attorney. Friday Stephen G. Nye, M e d f o r d pear shipper, is chairman of the apple and pear section. Frank C. Lamb, National Canners association, Berkeley, Calif., will talk on "Control of Pesticide Residues on Fruit Crops." "Pesticide Residues and Regulations" will be ex plained by Justus C. Ward, chief, pesticides regulation branch, USDA. Washington, D. C. L. C. Terriere, OSC chemist, will talk on "Recent Developments in the Study of Resistance." R. D. Eich- ninitn, Slauffcr Chemical com pany, Portland, will talk on "The Benefits of Present Day Agricultural Pesticides." agencies arc almost to lite point of complete agreement on future programs," said Dr. Bodenweiscr. Sheep scab, said the veteri narian, is becoming a very serious problem in the Unit ed States so eradication pro gram methods were estab lished and rex'ommendations made to the Animal Research Service of U.S.D.A. Much headway, says Bo denweiscr, was made in the development of uniform in terstate shipping permits which would be acceptable to ail the stales. Previously several certificates had to bi issued. a school board member. Too This problem of fruit labor as has been pointed out. Wc worked out soon, but again, 000. A beef breed only sale is scheduled at Mid-Way for next Tuesday, Nov. 15 and an allbrecd sale there on Dev. 6. Ag People Ask Rails to Approve Lower Schedule Salem - The state depart ment of agriculture has re quested favorable considera tion by the railroads of a pro posed reduction of 15 per cent in their transcontinental live stock rates, to be accompanied by an increase of 10 per cent in minimum carload weight. At the same time, Agricul ture Director J. F. Short has reiterated his department's opposition to continuation of the reduced westbound rates now in effect on dressed meats from midwest packers with out comparable reductions in westbound rates of live ani mals for slaughter in Oregon and Pacific coast packing plants. This proposal for reduced livestock freight rates was de clined by the Freight Mana gers' committee of the Trans continental Freight Bureau in August, but has been reopen ed for consideration by the TFB executive committee at its meeting Nov. 17 in Chi cago. Market Development Chief Paul T. Rowell pointed out that there is great need for this rate adjustment to permit shipments of midwest hogs to Pacific coast packers at rates fairly competitive with pres ent reduced rates on dressed meats from midwest packers. Rowell said reduced rates on livestock are needed by Oregon livestock producers on their sales of feeder stock to midwest feedlots, and by Ore gon f e e d 1 o t operators for their needs of feeder livestock from the mountain states when nearby replacements are not available. He added that this rate ad justment should provide add ed revenue for the railroads as well as benefitting Oregon and Pacific coast meat pack ers, feeders and livestock pro ducers, and consumers throughout the West Coast area. Honors Due For Strawberry Men Corvallis- The eighth an nual luncheon to honor Ore gon strawberry growers who harvested five or more tons of strawberries per acre this year will be held at Oregon State college Nov. 18, reports R. Ralph Clark, OSC exten sion horticulturist. The luncheon is held each year in connection with the annual meeting of the Oregon State Horticultural society to recognize growers who qual ity for the "9-Ton Club," Clark said. Preliminary re ports indicate about 60 Ore gon growers will be awarded certificates as members of the select club this year. The meeting, scheduled to start at noon in the Memorial Union, will also see a special award given the grower who produced the most berries per acre, Clark added. Speakers at the luncheon will include James F. Short, director of the state depart ment of agriculture; and F. E. Price, dean of the OSC School of Agriculture. The Oregon Strawberry council also will hold its an nual business meeting during the luncheon. Strawberry growers, and others interested in the Ore gon strawberry industry, are welcome to attend the lunch eon, Clark said. However. tickets at $1.50 each should be purchased the first day of the Horticulture society meet ing, or obtained in advance from Clark, 148 Cordlcy Hall, OSC, Corvallis. Poultry Rules Now Effective On Slaughtering Salem - Following a well attended hearing held recent ly by the state department of agriculture, new regula tions have become effective on the construction and san itation of poultry and rabbit slaughtering establishments. The new administrative or der implements the voluntary poultry inspection law passed by the legislature and the gen eral law surrounding con struction and sanitation of all poultry slaughter plants. The new order requires that a building used for slaughter shall contain one or more rooms for rabbit slaughter and two or more rooms for poultry slaughter. Also that no poultry or rabbits can be he!4 in the slaughtering rooms more than 12 hours. New Order Detailed The new order includes, as a result of objections raised at the hearing, some changes from the departments orig inal proposals. For example, one rule which at first stated that utensils used in slaugh terhouses could not be carried outside the establishment for another use, was changed to read simply that, "all tools shall be maintained in sani tary condition." According to Dr. M. L. Houston, supervisor, state meat inspection, the new rules are basically common sense specifications for health and sanitation in utensils, estab lishments, personnel and, in animals under the voluntary poultry inspection act. State voluntary poultry in spection is available to any person who wishes to apply. That person, however, must pay for the service. The new rules set down with respect to voluntary inspection are those which must be followed if any plant wants state in spection - ante-mortem and post-mortem - of poultry and rabbits. Copies of new rules and regulations are available at the -state department of agri culture in Salem. Kelso Reports Damage Cases Salem-Rav Kntsrv simpruie or of herbicide control for the state department of agri culture. KflVfi sn far a inlnl nf 31 cases of herbicidal injury nas oeen reported to the de partment. In four morp racpe nn ai. lion was taken. Involved were 12 airmen custom annlteainpe seven groundmcn and 12 otner people who do herbicide spraying. Of the 12 cases against the airmen, two complainants made no legal claims; two could offer no svmntnms nf damage; four settled: one case is in the hands nf the in surance companies; three cases were given to an attor ney tor collection. Seven cases were received against ground sprayers. tnree are in the hands of in surance agents: two enmntain ants made no claim and two could offer no symptoms of damage. In the 12 other cases, one complainant was paid; six cases are in the hands of in surancemen; one person made no claim; one farmer caused I n i II r V himcplf nn rae. suuwea no symptoms of dam age; and two others await in vestigation. Of the 19 cases aeainst rut torn applicators, four people made no claim; four offered no damage svniDtoms! turn settled by agreement; two were paid by check; four went to insurance enmnantpc three cases are in the hands of attorneys. Eieht are iri tor final disposition. Herbicides are chemicals used to destroy weeds. Warehousemen Get Department Letter Salem An inspection of public grain warehouses re Veals that 9Cmp warehnnco. men are shiDDine to terminal elevators without the written consent of owners of the grain, according to report from the State Department of Agriculture. The law says that a ware houseman may accept a de posit of grain for sale, cleans ing or ShiDDine if Drnnnrlv authorized in writine Iw the owner of the grain. Grain de posited with a license ware houseman Without wrillpn order must be handled anri considered grain in storaee and suolect to Drovismm a such. A letter has hppn cpt tn II. censed warehousemen urging full compliance with the law. The letter states that, "In some cases, warehouse own ers tell us they have the oral concent of depositors this is not enough written consent Oregon IF YE Girl Lost; Observes German Variations By NANCY SHAVER Oregon IFYE to Germany Have you ever been lost in a strange city. What did you do? Have you ever stopped to think what it would be like if this happened in a country where another language is spoken? While traveling alone across Germany by train, I had such an experience. It was frightening but it proved to me that people everywhere are kind and helpful. I was to change trains three times. During the third trans fer I was to meet and travel on with three other IFYEs. I had only five minutes to find the right train and trans fer my luggage. I made the first two changes successfully and as the time nearcd for my arrival at the third sta tion, I carried my things to the door of the car and wait ed and waited and finally we arrived six minutes late. My next train had gone. I had no idea how to find another to my destination which was not a major station. At this time, I had been in Germany two months. I did know some German, but couldn't think of a word. A conductor was walking by so I stopped him and showed him my tickets and the schedule I was to follow. He told me the train had gone and tried to explain something I couldn't under stand. When he realized this, he hurried me and my lug gage to another train. He ex plained to the next conductor that I didn t understand much German and I had missed my train. I found a place to stand and hoped that I was going the right direc tion. Receives Help In about 20 minutes, the train stopped. Everyone got off and helped me with my luggage while motioning that I was to get off also. The con ductor showed me where I was to wait for the next train. Everyone in the car knew what had happened and where I was going except me. One man managed to explain to Agency Broadens Its Loan Base For Area Farmers Farmers who have regular off-farm employment, if oth erwise eligible, may obtain farm operating and develop ment loans from the Farmers Home Administration, under the recently revised regula tions of the Agency. Eugene M. Dcnney, Farm ers Home Administration county supervisor for Jose phine and Jackson counties, said the new regulation went into effect Oct. 1. Previously, except in rural development counties, a farmer had to spend most of his time farm ing in order to qualify for a loan. Other eligibility require ments remain unchanged. Ap plicants must have sufficient farm experience to carry on sound farm operations and must be unable to obtain fi nancial assistance from other sources. As in past, credit will be extended only to op erators of farms that are family-type size or smaller. No loan, will be made unless a plan for the coming year's farming operations shows that income from the farm and other sources will be large enough to enable the farm family to have a reasonable standard of living, pay debts, and have an adequate reserve for emergencies. May Pay Operating Costs Loan funds may be used to pay farm operating costs, purchase equipment and live stock, pay farm development costs, and refinance certain debts. The interest rate is five per cent. Repayment sched ules depend upon the pur poses for which funds are ad vanced and upon the estimat ed incomes from the farms. Usually, loans made for real estate purposes will be from funds advanced by private lenders and insured by the agency, due to shortage of ap propriated funds. The Farmers Home Admin istration office serving Jose phine and Jackson counties is located in the Manchel build ing. Grants Pass. The agency also supplies credit for farm housing and soil and water conservation. is required". The Department! is now checking back on two cases of verbal promise which , is "time consuming" and: "costly to the warehouse pro- gram." j Cooperation of warehouse men is urged in getting writ-1 ten consent on handling ofj grain. ''A written record is1 the only record the Depart-1 mcnt can accept," concludes the letter. I me that he was going my di rection and would show me where to change trains. We changed trains several times and when he had reached his station, he asked the whole car to help me. Everyone was eager to help and eager to know why I was in Germany. Not only did they help me find my station, but I was driven from the station to my door step by two of the pas sengers. Now I no longer have any fear of becoming lost in Ger many or anywhere else. I know that people are always eager to help should I become lost or confused. Western Germany with a land area nearly the same as that of Oregon is now divided into 10 states. With the many wars that have swept across Europe through the centuries, Germany has been divided in many ways and has had sev eral different languages. As recently as just before World War I, Germany was divided into six or seven kingdoms. Each kingdom had a separate ruler but all were united un der the Kaiser. I have now lived with fami lies in five different sections of Western Germany. Each family has been a bit differ ent in attitudes and customs and each has spoken a differ ent dialect which I have not understood. All Germans learn both high German and a local dialect which is a var iation of the formal German language. I can give an exam ple of how widely these dia- lects'vary. I believe that near ly everyone at home knows that "auf wiedersehen" means "until we meet again." Only the first two families with whom I lived use this as an everyday farewell. In Bavaria "Gruss Gott" is used when greeting and parting. My host family in the state of Baden Wurttemberg used the greet ing "Gruss Gott" as in Bava ria, but for parting they said "Adie." Here in northern Ger many the word "Tchus" is used for both. Variations in Dress Traveling through Ger many, I have also noticed var iations in the style of dress. Most of the clothing is styled much the same as ours. Usual ly the material is a bit heav ier because of . the cooler weather and the lack of cen tral heating in buildings. Skirts are very short here; however, the women do not seem as conscious of styles or color combinations as we do. Only in large cities do you see makeup worn. Jeans are worn only while working in the barn or fields. Trie dirndl is worn mostly in the Bava rian part of Germany but the variations are endless. There are summer, winter, work, and more formal dirndls. Each state has a different offi cial dress including, dirndl, hat, and often special jewelry. For men, short leather pants are very popular in sum mer. In Bavaria there are longer pants (lederhoscn) for winter. These come below the knee and are worn with wool stockings. Because one pair lasts for many years, the lederhosen are quite loose and are worn everywhere. It seems to be better when a pair has acquired a bit of a shine and varies in color here and there. Whatever the style of dress, the German people seem to have one characteristic in common. They are hard work ing people. I think this can be illustrated by the German language. In German the word "fawl" means rotten, decayed, and lazy. The word "fertig" means both ready and finished. When you are finished (fertig) with one thing you are ready (fertig) for the next. In spite of varying customs, dialects, and dress, I find the German people very well in formed on world events and interested in the United States. I am constantly being asked questions and many that are startingly abrupt. Every few days someone asks, NOW IS THE TIME TO CONTROL NEXT SUMMER'S WEEDS! Alfalfa Fields Irrigation Ditches Fence Lines Parking Lots Around Buildings -Call- RAYSPRAY SP 2-9279 "How old are you?" or "How much do you weigh?" or "Why aren't you married?" I am also asked "Who will bo the next president of the Unit, ed States?" They don't often say "Who do you think will be" but "Who will be." When the campaign first began, most people assumed it would be Vice President Nixon be cause as Vice President his name is well known here. Now whether for Nixon or Kennedy each person has a strong opinion and numerous reasons why before he asks. I've been told many times that whoever is the next pres ident, he must stand up and deal strongly with Soviet Pre mier Khrushchev. This is usu ally said with a laugh and a pantomime of shooting or choking someone. People here look to the United States in so many things from political affairs to clothing styles and popular music. Visits Boundary One day, I visited the boun dary between East and West Germany with a farm youth group. The guide announced our approach to the Russian occupation zone and was cor rected but it is still consid ered Russian occupied. The day was very dark, foggy and dismal. I'll never forget the feeling I had when the bus rounded a curve and there ahead through the mist wo saw a watchtower. It was par tially hidden by the trees. The top of the lower was above the tree tops and we could see a. man leaning on the railing watching us through the binoculars. For a moment the chattering in the bus stopped. Later, we walk ed along the boundary fence. It is only a few strands of barbed wire draped up and down between leaning wood en fence posts. On the eastern side is a plowed strip varying in width from twenty lo thir ty feet. This strip is resmooth. ed every week or two to de tect footprints. I saw one man on the western side trying to spit across the strip. There were many tourists on the western side and no one in sight on the eastern side. The Russians and Commu nism are quite generally and quite loudly disliked. Actual ly, Communism is not thought of as a separate thing. It is the Russian way or the Rus sian government. The West German people think of what Communism has done to their family, their friends, and their neighbors who live in East Germany. Our guide pointed to a farm house beside the road. He said that many years ago the farm er had built his home across the road from his fields. The road was then the boundary between two German states. Now the road is the boundary between East and West Ger many. He can.no longer farm his land. Most people here still think of the two Germanys as one country. Their attitude is that they sincerely desire to have the other half of their country returned to them. 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