1 B
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, ORE.
TUESDAY. NOVEMBER 8. I960
CHIT
' By JOE COWLEY
Mall Tribune m Editor
Last . week we printed
grower? on how to stop the Agricultuial Worker Organiz
ing committee before it arrives here from California. We
smoked out quite a few opinions and comments from mem'
bers of the pear industry and some from the general public
One thing we learned is the
town meeting is dead. It used
how crazy, would be kicked
would be hammered out under the heat of intense argu
mcnts. Here, we had the heat, anyway.
One well-known packing
said he thought the article
senting information which otherwise would not have come
out. We would bet that one of the large packing houses
will build its own labor dormitory in the near future and
daily payment of pickers by
house wfli be the practice.
We would like to make it
to start a fight. We were
which we hoped would get
sible solutions to the farm labor problem. We are glad that
the fruit Industry answered. The two articles, in Sunday's
and Monday's paper, were well presented and clearly gave
the fruit Industry views on this controversial and not easy
to solve problem. The two articles brought out many
tilings and a lot of good informalion. We tried to present
something similar two years
the approval of the pear industry to release such Informa
tion.
Wc assume there has been considerable other planning
behind closed doors which for strategic reasons cannot be
revealed. Of course, how effective the present and the
planned programs are will be determined when the AWOC
arrives. That's one thing which a number of people agree
with-that the AWOC drive will start here either next pear
season or the one after it.
An article in the Oct. 1 Issue of the California Farmer
under the headline, "The Cocked Pistol," states farming
lias been left out of the operations of labor laws. Reason
for this, the article explains is "it has been recognized that
farming-being as it is at the
elements of nature and dealing
modities-is so vulnerable as
the coercive powers granted
dealings with industry."
We asked one packinghouse
a member of the inner pear industry council, what the In
dustry plans to do when an organizing drive on farm labor
starts here. "We will pay the highest rales wc can possibly
afford to pay and still make a profit," he said.
But, again quoting from the article, "The Cocked Pistol,"
"Contrary to the Impression Mr. Smith (Norman Smith,
AWOC head) has tried to create in the minds of the public,
this fight is not about wages or conditions of work. He
represents no one. He Is not authorized to bargain for any
body. He, is in effect, coercing farm workers into a union
by cutting off their access to the job." ,
The California Farmer editor wrote in his Oct. 1 article
"That farmers of California don't know what to do and have
no plans to find out." Unified action is required, he urged.
He suggests a "Bill of Rights" for both farmer and employee
tailored to their particular needs and conditions. And that
Is what our two pear growers tried to suggest, whether or
not you agree with their statements.
' The Nov. 5 issue of the
torial, urges collective action of farmers. This must be car
ried out by people "who think they have the capacity and
stature to plan and direct this fight," it was pointed out.
The California Farmer editor also points out that such lead
ers must know they will have the support of the state's
farmers. We might add, for this area, civil and govern
mental agencies, too-or at least their fair impartiality.
- Oregon farmers are already doing something about this
labor threat. The apple and pear section of the Oregon Slate
Horticultural Society Nov. 17 will feature a talk on harvest
labor problems in California by Bruce Sanborne, San Fran
cisco attorney. Vegetable growtxs at the hort society meet
ing have a panel on the same topic.
Indlcatirn arc that the battle will he waged on a state
wide basis I trough the Oregon Farm Bureau. The fruit
growers have their own unit here. The OFBF has formed
a farm labor committee. Howard Fujli, OFBF commodity
chairman, and OFB President Gerald Deterlng, visited a
struck furmcr in California and watched the AWOC strike.
From their observations, and suggestions received in Cali
fornia, will come some proposals to be presented at the
OFBF convention in Eugene
gram Monday, Nov. 14, consists of talks and discussions
of the farm labor organization
The recently formed
farm labor committee "will follow the workings of new
efforts to organize farm labor in the west, but will also
seek to improve farm labor conditions within the state,"
Dave Lowry, operator of the Associated Fruit company
packing house In Phoenix, is on the committee. Fruit grow
ers here will remember Howard Fujli from his talk before
the Fruit Growers League last year. He was here lo help
organize the fruit growers
unit.
Within five minutes after
for printing Tuesday's article,
Her remarks were both complimentary and uncomplimcn
tary to members of the pear
industry could do more to encourage teen-agers lo pick pears
However, some pear men wc talked to pointed out the diffi
culties in this and added they use as much capable teen
age labor as they can before school opens.
: Anyway, she said her boy
been picking pears all season
most $1,000 of his earnings
indicated, may be used for his future education. She told
of another boy who paid off a large hospital bill by picking
pears. Two other teen-age boys she knows, would ride their
bikes out to orchards north of
This mother also related how she would gel up at 4:30
a.m. to cook her son a good breakfast, drive him to the
orchard and pick him up at
rubber pads for his shoulders
more comfortably.
"I don't blame the pear growers for gelling fed up when
the kids fool around in (he orchards, tossing pears back
and forth," she said. "Good picking foremen make a lot of
difference, In whether the kids will really get in and work,"
she added. (Again, these are not our ideas. We are Just
repeating opinions.)
. This mother suggested that
be organized under teachers
ilies could be encouraged to pick, also. She didn't claim
that such domestic pickers could do a belter Job than Mex
ican Nationals. This was not mentioned. She believes that
there are many boys big and strong enough at the age of
14 to pick. (Again, this is what she said. It's not our idea.)
She feels that kids busy picking do not become Juvenile de
linquent. She also admitted that growers are taking a risk
in employing youngsters. "Insurance companies have 'cm
so tied up they arc afraid to bat an eye," she remarked.
' Ptar people wc have talked to say youngsters do not
like ladder work, for some reason. It takes a lot of strength
and agility to stand on top of a ladder and pick with two
' hands, they point out. Kids want the more glamorous Jobs
of swamper and truck driver.
near the end of the season,
CHAT-
the Ideas of two amall pear
old idea of the New England
to be that an idea, no matter
around. Then a better Idea
house operator in the county
spurred the industry Into pre
at least one prominent packing
clear that we were not trying
merely presenting some ideas
people to think about some pos
ago, but were unable to get
mercy of the seasons and the
with highly perishable com
to be utterly helpless against
to labor with reference to its
operator, who seems to be
California Farmer, In an edi
Nov. 13-16. Much of the pro
threat.
tcn-fnrnier steering committee of
a pear grower bawled us out
a Mcdford mother called us.
industry. She thinks the pear
who is now almost 17, has
since he was 12. He has al
still in the bank which, she
town to pick, she said.
night. She made special foam
so the pear bucket would ride
platoons of teen-agers could
or parents. She thought fam
When labor Is sorely needed
school opens and cuts off thisjwt guess it really isn't our problem.
-.: v!- V J V - .--, (, .
AUCTION PEN This pen was photograph
ed at the feeder sale held at Mid-Way Auc
tion yards here in October. Then 1,520 head
of cattle brought an overall price of $175,-
State Hort
Plans 75th
Meeting, Nov. 17-18
Corvallis - The Oregon
Slate Horticultural Society -senior
farm commodity organ
ization in the state - will hold
its Diamond Jubilee meeting
on the Oregon State college
campus Nov. 17 and 18.
About 1,000 fruit and vege
table growers from over the
tale arc expected to attend
the 75th annual meeting of
the society, reports C. O.
Rawlings, OSC extension hor
ticulturist who is secretary of
h e organization. Growers
will hear reports on latest
trends in production and mar
keting of their products.
Society president W. J. Ha-
zcltine, Parkdale, said that
growers, Industry representa
tives, and OSC scientists will
team up to present and dis
cuss topics selected by special
committees of growers and
industry people. More than
50 program presentations are
scheduled during the two
days.
Most of the program will
be presented during four sec
tlonal meetings set up to han
die special interests of grow
ers of small fruits, vegetable
crops, apples and pears, and
stone fruits. Sectional meet
ings will open the meeting
Nov. 17 at 0:30 a.m.
Topics Listed
Topics to be discussed dur
ing the sectional meetings in
clude bulk handling of fruits
and vegetables, control of
birds and rodents in fruit and
vegetable crops, labor prob
lems, pesticide residues and
regulations, mechanical har
vesting of crops, new varie
ties being developed, and cur
rent research projects.
General assemblies of the
group are scheduled the first
afternoon, and the second
morning. At the first session,
growers will hear a panel dis
cuss sources of credit and
methods of financing horticul
tural enterprises. At the sec
ond session, Justus C. Ward
chief of the pesticides regula
tion branch of the USDA
plant pest control division,
will discuss the purpose and
administration of pest icidc
controls,
Another highlight of the
meeting will be the annual
banquet, to be held Nov. 17
the first night. Roy Webster,
Hood River, will be master
of ceremonies, and the annual
Hartman Cup presentation
will be made at the banquet
Dr. A, L. Strand, president
of OSC, will give the banquet
Oregon Sets ID Example
Salcm-Oregon's state regu
lations regarding identifica
tion of vaccinated cattle arc
being considered In Washing
ton, D.C., as the standard for
the United States according
to Dr. L. E. Bodenweiscr,
state veterinarian.
Dr. Bodenweiscr, r e p r c
scntlng the Oregon Depart
ment of Agriculture, recently
attended the 64th annual
meeting of the U.S. Livestock
Sanitary Association held in
Charleston, West Virginia. He
reports that several sessions
were spent on discussion of
the brucellosis program. Bru
cellosis Is a disease of cattle.
"Cattlemen and regulatory
supply of youth. Since so few youngsters pick, it hardly
pays to keep school closed until the .season ncars its end
a pear man said, who Is also
many youngsters just don't know how to work and orchards
cannot be used for classrooms for this purpose, another said.
One pear shipper did think, however, the idea of a pear
picker school "docs have some merit, if only to elevate the
status of the picker."
So those are some opinions.
Is lite Industry's and not ours,
hope an effective solution is
Society
Annual
address titled, "75 Years Is
a Short Time."
The business meeting of the
society will be held during
the second general session. A
special luncheon meeting of
the 5-Ton Strawberry club
and ' the Strawberry council
will be held the second day
of the meeting.
All fruit and vegetable
growers, industry representa
tives, and other interested
persons are welcome to at
tend the conference, Rawlings
added. More information on
the horticultural meeting can
be obtained at county exten
sion offices.
Panel Listed
The pear decline panel
scheduled for 3 p.m., Thurs
day, Nov. 17, will include
Clifford B. Cordy, Jackson
county horticultural agent,
moderator; Thomas A. Shalla,
plant pathologist, Placerville,
Calif.; C. G. Woodbridgc,
Washington Stale university
horticulturist; Henry Hart-
man, OSC horticulturist; and
Ron Cameron, OSC plant
pathologist.
Other topics set for the
Thursday session are: "How
Will the Export Market Fit
Inlo the Picture for Apples
and Pears?" by Ernest Falk,
manager, Northwest Horlicul
tural society, Yakima, Wash.;
"Tile Present Virus Situation
in Apples and Pears," by J
A. Milbralh, plant pathologist,
OSC.
"Recent Developments In
Control of Certain Storage
Disorders in Winter Pears,"
will be related by Elmer Han
sen, OSC horticulturist. "Har
vest Labor Problems in Cali
fornia," will be discussed by
Bruce Sanborne, San Francis
co attorney.
Friday Stephen G. Nye,
M e d f o r d pear shipper, is
chairman of the apple and
pear section.
Frank C. Lamb, National
Canners association, Berkeley,
Calif., will talk on "Control
of Pesticide Residues on Fruit
Crops." "Pesticide Residues
and Regulations" will be ex
plained by Justus C. Ward,
chief, pesticides regulation
branch, USDA. Washington,
D. C. L. C. Terriere, OSC
chemist, will talk on "Recent
Developments in the Study
of Resistance." R. D. Eich-
ninitn, Slauffcr Chemical com
pany, Portland, will talk on
"The Benefits of Present Day
Agricultural Pesticides."
agencies arc almost to lite
point of complete agreement
on future programs," said Dr.
Bodenweiscr.
Sheep scab, said the veteri
narian, is becoming a very
serious problem in the Unit
ed States so eradication pro
gram methods were estab
lished and rex'ommendations
made to the Animal Research
Service of U.S.D.A.
Much headway, says Bo
denweiscr, was made in the
development of uniform in
terstate shipping permits
which would be acceptable to
ail the stales. Previously
several certificates had to bi
issued.
a school board member. Too
This problem of fruit labor
as has been pointed out. Wc
worked out soon, but again,
000. A beef breed only sale is scheduled at
Mid-Way for next Tuesday, Nov. 15 and an
allbrecd sale there on Dev. 6.
Ag People Ask
Rails to Approve
Lower Schedule
Salem - The state depart
ment of agriculture has re
quested favorable considera
tion by the railroads of a pro
posed reduction of 15 per cent
in their transcontinental live
stock rates, to be accompanied
by an increase of 10 per cent
in minimum carload weight.
At the same time, Agricul
ture Director J. F. Short has
reiterated his department's
opposition to continuation of
the reduced westbound rates
now in effect on dressed meats
from midwest packers with
out comparable reductions in
westbound rates of live ani
mals for slaughter in Oregon
and Pacific coast packing
plants.
This proposal for reduced
livestock freight rates was de
clined by the Freight Mana
gers' committee of the Trans
continental Freight Bureau in
August, but has been reopen
ed for consideration by the
TFB executive committee at
its meeting Nov. 17 in Chi
cago.
Market Development Chief
Paul T. Rowell pointed out
that there is great need for
this rate adjustment to permit
shipments of midwest hogs to
Pacific coast packers at rates
fairly competitive with pres
ent reduced rates on dressed
meats from midwest packers.
Rowell said reduced rates
on livestock are needed by
Oregon livestock producers on
their sales of feeder stock to
midwest feedlots, and by Ore
gon f e e d 1 o t operators for
their needs of feeder livestock
from the mountain states
when nearby replacements
are not available.
He added that this rate ad
justment should provide add
ed revenue for the railroads
as well as benefitting Oregon
and Pacific coast meat pack
ers, feeders and livestock pro
ducers, and consumers
throughout the West Coast
area.
Honors Due For
Strawberry Men
Corvallis- The eighth an
nual luncheon to honor Ore
gon strawberry growers who
harvested five or more tons
of strawberries per acre this
year will be held at Oregon
State college Nov. 18, reports
R. Ralph Clark, OSC exten
sion horticulturist.
The luncheon is held each
year in connection with the
annual meeting of the Oregon
State Horticultural society to
recognize growers who qual
ity for the "9-Ton Club,"
Clark said. Preliminary re
ports indicate about 60 Ore
gon growers will be awarded
certificates as members of the
select club this year.
The meeting, scheduled to
start at noon in the Memorial
Union, will also see a special
award given the grower who
produced the most berries per
acre, Clark added.
Speakers at the luncheon
will include James F. Short,
director of the state depart
ment of agriculture; and F. E.
Price, dean of the OSC School
of Agriculture.
The Oregon Strawberry
council also will hold its an
nual business meeting during
the luncheon.
Strawberry growers, and
others interested in the Ore
gon strawberry industry, are
welcome to attend the lunch
eon, Clark said. However.
tickets at $1.50 each should
be purchased the first day of
the Horticulture society meet
ing, or obtained in advance
from Clark, 148 Cordlcy Hall,
OSC, Corvallis.
Poultry Rules
Now Effective
On Slaughtering
Salem - Following a well
attended hearing held recent
ly by the state department
of agriculture, new regula
tions have become effective
on the construction and san
itation of poultry and rabbit
slaughtering establishments.
The new administrative or
der implements the voluntary
poultry inspection law passed
by the legislature and the gen
eral law surrounding con
struction and sanitation of all
poultry slaughter plants. The
new order requires that a
building used for slaughter
shall contain one or more
rooms for rabbit slaughter
and two or more rooms for
poultry slaughter. Also that
no poultry or rabbits can be
he!4 in the slaughtering rooms
more than 12 hours.
New Order Detailed
The new order includes, as
a result of objections raised
at the hearing, some changes
from the departments orig
inal proposals. For example,
one rule which at first stated
that utensils used in slaugh
terhouses could not be carried
outside the establishment for
another use, was changed to
read simply that, "all tools
shall be maintained in sani
tary condition."
According to Dr. M. L.
Houston, supervisor, state
meat inspection, the new rules
are basically common sense
specifications for health and
sanitation in utensils, estab
lishments, personnel and, in
animals under the voluntary
poultry inspection act.
State voluntary poultry in
spection is available to any
person who wishes to apply.
That person, however, must
pay for the service. The new
rules set down with respect
to voluntary inspection are
those which must be followed
if any plant wants state in
spection - ante-mortem and
post-mortem - of poultry and
rabbits.
Copies of new rules and
regulations are available at
the -state department of agri
culture in Salem.
Kelso Reports
Damage Cases
Salem-Rav Kntsrv simpruie
or of herbicide control for
the state department of agri
culture. KflVfi sn far a inlnl nf
31 cases of herbicidal injury
nas oeen reported to the de
partment.
In four morp racpe nn ai.
lion was taken. Involved were
12 airmen custom annlteainpe
seven groundmcn and 12
otner people who do herbicide
spraying.
Of the 12 cases against the
airmen, two complainants
made no legal claims; two
could offer no svmntnms nf
damage; four settled: one
case is in the hands nf the in
surance companies; three
cases were given to an attor
ney tor collection.
Seven cases were received
against ground sprayers.
tnree are in the hands of in
surance agents: two enmntain
ants made no claim and two
could offer no symptoms of
damage.
In the 12 other cases, one
complainant was paid; six
cases are in the hands of in
surancemen; one person made
no claim; one farmer caused
I n i II r V himcplf nn rae.
suuwea no symptoms of dam
age; and two others await in
vestigation. Of the 19 cases aeainst rut
torn applicators, four people
made no claim; four offered
no damage svniDtoms! turn
settled by agreement; two
were paid by check; four
went to insurance enmnantpc
three cases are in the hands
of attorneys. Eieht are iri
tor final disposition.
Herbicides are chemicals
used to destroy weeds.
Warehousemen Get
Department Letter
Salem An inspection of
public grain warehouses re
Veals that 9Cmp warehnnco.
men are shiDDine to terminal
elevators without the written
consent of owners of the
grain, according to report
from the State Department of
Agriculture.
The law says that a ware
houseman may accept a de
posit of grain for sale, cleans
ing or ShiDDine if Drnnnrlv
authorized in writine Iw the
owner of the grain. Grain de
posited with a license ware
houseman Without wrillpn
order must be handled anri
considered grain in storaee
and suolect to Drovismm a
such.
A letter has hppn cpt tn II.
censed warehousemen urging
full compliance with the law.
The letter states that, "In
some cases, warehouse own
ers tell us they have the oral
concent of depositors this is
not enough written consent
Oregon IF YE Girl Lost;
Observes German Variations
By NANCY SHAVER
Oregon IFYE to Germany
Have you ever been lost in
a strange city. What did you
do? Have you ever stopped
to think what it would be like
if this happened in a country
where another language is
spoken?
While traveling alone
across Germany by train, I
had such an experience. It
was frightening but it proved
to me that people everywhere
are kind and helpful.
I was to change trains three
times. During the third trans
fer I was to meet and travel
on with three other IFYEs. I
had only five minutes to
find the right train and trans
fer my luggage. I made the
first two changes successfully
and as the time nearcd for
my arrival at the third sta
tion, I carried my things to
the door of the car and wait
ed and waited and finally we
arrived six minutes late. My
next train had gone. I had no
idea how to find another to
my destination which was
not a major station. At this
time, I had been in Germany
two months. I did know some
German, but couldn't think of
a word.
A conductor was walking
by so I stopped him and
showed him my tickets and
the schedule I was to follow.
He told me the train had
gone and tried to explain
something I couldn't under
stand. When he realized this,
he hurried me and my lug
gage to another train. He ex
plained to the next conductor
that I didn t understand
much German and I had
missed my train. I found a
place to stand and hoped that
I was going the right direc
tion.
Receives Help
In about 20 minutes, the
train stopped. Everyone got
off and helped me with my
luggage while motioning that
I was to get off also. The con
ductor showed me where I
was to wait for the next train.
Everyone in the car knew
what had happened and where
I was going except me. One
man managed to explain to
Agency Broadens
Its Loan Base
For Area Farmers
Farmers who have regular
off-farm employment, if oth
erwise eligible, may obtain
farm operating and develop
ment loans from the Farmers
Home Administration, under
the recently revised regula
tions of the Agency.
Eugene M. Dcnney, Farm
ers Home Administration
county supervisor for Jose
phine and Jackson counties,
said the new regulation went
into effect Oct. 1. Previously,
except in rural development
counties, a farmer had to
spend most of his time farm
ing in order to qualify for a
loan.
Other eligibility require
ments remain unchanged. Ap
plicants must have sufficient
farm experience to carry on
sound farm operations and
must be unable to obtain fi
nancial assistance from other
sources. As in past, credit
will be extended only to op
erators of farms that are family-type
size or smaller. No
loan, will be made unless a
plan for the coming year's
farming operations shows that
income from the farm and
other sources will be large
enough to enable the farm
family to have a reasonable
standard of living, pay debts,
and have an adequate reserve
for emergencies.
May Pay Operating Costs
Loan funds may be used
to pay farm operating costs,
purchase equipment and live
stock, pay farm development
costs, and refinance certain
debts. The interest rate is five
per cent. Repayment sched
ules depend upon the pur
poses for which funds are ad
vanced and upon the estimat
ed incomes from the farms.
Usually, loans made for real
estate purposes will be from
funds advanced by private
lenders and insured by the
agency, due to shortage of ap
propriated funds.
The Farmers Home Admin
istration office serving Jose
phine and Jackson counties is
located in the Manchel build
ing. Grants Pass. The agency
also supplies credit for farm
housing and soil and water
conservation.
is required". The Department!
is now checking back on two
cases of verbal promise which ,
is "time consuming" and:
"costly to the warehouse pro-
gram." j
Cooperation of warehouse
men is urged in getting writ-1
ten consent on handling ofj
grain. ''A written record is1
the only record the Depart-1
mcnt can accept," concludes
the letter. I
me that he was going my di
rection and would show me
where to change trains. We
changed trains several times
and when he had reached his
station, he asked the whole
car to help me. Everyone was
eager to help and eager to
know why I was in Germany.
Not only did they help me
find my station, but I was
driven from the station to my
door step by two of the pas
sengers. Now I no longer have any
fear of becoming lost in Ger
many or anywhere else. I
know that people are always
eager to help should I become
lost or confused.
Western Germany with a
land area nearly the same as
that of Oregon is now divided
into 10 states. With the many
wars that have swept across
Europe through the centuries,
Germany has been divided in
many ways and has had sev
eral different languages. As
recently as just before World
War I, Germany was divided
into six or seven kingdoms.
Each kingdom had a separate
ruler but all were united un
der the Kaiser.
I have now lived with fami
lies in five different sections
of Western Germany. Each
family has been a bit differ
ent in attitudes and customs
and each has spoken a differ
ent dialect which I have not
understood. All Germans
learn both high German and
a local dialect which is a var
iation of the formal German
language. I can give an exam
ple of how widely these dia-
lects'vary. I believe that near
ly everyone at home knows
that "auf wiedersehen" means
"until we meet again." Only
the first two families with
whom I lived use this as an
everyday farewell. In Bavaria
"Gruss Gott" is used when
greeting and parting. My host
family in the state of Baden
Wurttemberg used the greet
ing "Gruss Gott" as in Bava
ria, but for parting they said
"Adie." Here in northern Ger
many the word "Tchus" is
used for both.
Variations in Dress
Traveling through Ger
many, I have also noticed var
iations in the style of dress.
Most of the clothing is styled
much the same as ours. Usual
ly the material is a bit heav
ier because of . the cooler
weather and the lack of cen
tral heating in buildings.
Skirts are very short here;
however, the women do not
seem as conscious of styles or
color combinations as we do.
Only in large cities do you
see makeup worn. Jeans are
worn only while working in
the barn or fields. Trie dirndl
is worn mostly in the Bava
rian part of Germany but the
variations are endless. There
are summer, winter, work,
and more formal dirndls.
Each state has a different offi
cial dress including, dirndl,
hat, and often special jewelry.
For men, short leather
pants are very popular in sum
mer. In Bavaria there are
longer pants (lederhoscn) for
winter. These come below
the knee and are worn with
wool stockings. Because one
pair lasts for many years, the
lederhosen are quite loose
and are worn everywhere. It
seems to be better when a
pair has acquired a bit of a
shine and varies in color here
and there.
Whatever the style of dress,
the German people seem to
have one characteristic in
common. They are hard work
ing people. I think this can
be illustrated by the German
language. In German the
word "fawl" means rotten,
decayed, and lazy. The word
"fertig" means both ready
and finished. When you are
finished (fertig) with one
thing you are ready (fertig)
for the next.
In spite of varying customs,
dialects, and dress, I find the
German people very well in
formed on world events and
interested in the United
States. I am constantly being
asked questions and many
that are startingly abrupt.
Every few days someone asks,
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"How old are you?" or "How
much do you weigh?" or
"Why aren't you married?" I
am also asked "Who will bo
the next president of the Unit,
ed States?" They don't often
say "Who do you think will
be" but "Who will be." When
the campaign first began,
most people assumed it would
be Vice President Nixon be
cause as Vice President his
name is well known here.
Now whether for Nixon or
Kennedy each person has a
strong opinion and numerous
reasons why before he asks.
I've been told many times
that whoever is the next pres
ident, he must stand up and
deal strongly with Soviet Pre
mier Khrushchev. This is usu
ally said with a laugh and a
pantomime of shooting or
choking someone. People here
look to the United States in
so many things from political
affairs to clothing styles and
popular music.
Visits Boundary
One day, I visited the boun
dary between East and West
Germany with a farm youth
group. The guide announced
our approach to the Russian
occupation zone and was cor
rected but it is still consid
ered Russian occupied. The
day was very dark, foggy and
dismal. I'll never forget the
feeling I had when the bus
rounded a curve and there
ahead through the mist wo
saw a watchtower. It was par
tially hidden by the trees.
The top of the lower was
above the tree tops and we
could see a. man leaning on
the railing watching us
through the binoculars. For a
moment the chattering in the
bus stopped. Later, we walk
ed along the boundary fence.
It is only a few strands of
barbed wire draped up and
down between leaning wood
en fence posts. On the eastern
side is a plowed strip varying
in width from twenty lo thir
ty feet. This strip is resmooth.
ed every week or two to de
tect footprints. I saw one man
on the western side trying to
spit across the strip. There
were many tourists on the
western side and no one in
sight on the eastern side.
The Russians and Commu
nism are quite generally and
quite loudly disliked. Actual
ly, Communism is not thought
of as a separate thing. It is
the Russian way or the Rus
sian government. The West
German people think of what
Communism has done to their
family, their friends, and
their neighbors who live in
East Germany.
Our guide pointed to a farm
house beside the road. He said
that many years ago the farm
er had built his home across
the road from his fields. The
road was then the boundary
between two German states.
Now the road is the boundary
between East and West Ger
many. He can.no longer farm
his land.
Most people here still think
of the two Germanys as one
country. Their attitude is that
they sincerely desire to have
the other half of their country
returned to them.
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