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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (March 27, 1960)
2 ' . MAIL TRIBUNE, M.dforJ, Or. A Sunday, March 27, 1 90 Question of Issues May Get Lost in Oratory Of Election Year (Editor's note: This is the last in the Great Decisions ... 1960 topics which will be discussed by groups throughout the country this .week. The material has been prepared and furnish, ed by the Foreign Policy association. Today's article discusses "Which 'Great De cisions' Are the Urgent Ones?") Nineteen-sixty is an election year. The symptoms are al ready unmistakable: the jock eying for partisan advantage in Congress, the hustling about the country of a parade of potential candidates, the endless public opinion polls on the popularity of possible nominees, and the spreading barrage of campaign talk In an election y ear, two things are probable: First, the American public will be treated to more than its usual share of debate on complex issues of national policy. Candidates and cam paigners will explore exhaust ively such difficult controver sies as national defense, na tional economic growth, the farm problem, inflation, edu cation and similar issues. Fur thermore, a great deal of the talk will center on foreign policj-what this country can or cannot afford to do, and what it must do, to insure its own survival. ' Become More Confused Second, as the election-year debate grows more intense, the American public may be come more, rather than less, confused. The really urgent is sues are always in danger of getting buried in the oratory and heat of the political con test. How, then, can the Individ ual citizen make private order out of the public chaos of ideas? How can he or she sort out the really important "great decisions" facing the American electorate this year? The problem, obviously, it not lack of information; the press and airwaves will be more loaded with information than usual. The problem, ra ther, Is to find ways to organ ize information so that it can be digested and used intelli gently. James Reston, Chief of the New York Times Washington bureau, put it this way in a recent speech: Develop Philosophy "We need ... to develop a philosophy about our coun try's place in the world today, a way of looking at these end less scare headlines. Other wise, I fear, the constant press of events will drive us into a state of indifference, which is a menace to democratic gov ernment, or into a condition of constant anxiety, which de stroys both a tolerant public opinion and private tranquili ty." This last in the series of articles on "Great Decisions . . . 1060" will attempt to deal with this problem. Following are some of the guidlines sug gested by leading American thinkers. Many of these ideas have appeared quite recently in a variety of studies and re ports issued by private edu cational and research organi zations, some of them work ing on contract to the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. Together these ideas may be treated as a kind of road map -a beginning aid to the indi vidual citizen who is trying to make sense out of the cur rent political debate. And, be Attention . i You ore cordially invited to a private end public swimming pool owners seminar at the Pioneer Room of the Jackson Hotel In Med ford Hotel in Medford. Time will be 7:00 p.m., April 1. On hand to help pool owners with their maintenance problems will be a repre ... sentative of Olin Mathieson, manufacturers of HT11. Also for prospective pool Owners with mechanical and engineering problems will be - a representative of Nor Cal Engineering Co. 8l cause of widespread agree ment that national survival is the overriding issue, this summary focuses largely on U.S. foreign policy. Fundamental Agreement A battery of America's top foreign affairs specialists has reached fundamental agree ment that the basic aim of U.S. foreign policy can no longer be described in such narrow terms as (a) protect ing the American people and territory from outside dan ger, or (b) preserving the existing world order in some kind of balance or status quo. The first proposition is out of date, they say, for several reasons. Modern technology especially weapons technolo gy-has shrunk the planet to the size of a single neighbor hood. Oceans and the Polar Cap are no longer significant protection. No single nation can any longer insure its own survival. The global contest Is be tween powerful groups of na tions, some free and some to talitarian. Allies are now es sential - and not only in the military sense, but also eco nomically. Finally, the global contest will determine whe ther the world of the future is pluralistic, diverse and tol erant, or whether it is mono lithic, dogmatic and totalitar ian. Second Proposition The second proposition is out of date, according to the experts, simply because the world "order" or "system" is changing with phenomenal rapidity. The old fashioned "balance of power" has virtu ally collapsed in a bipolar world. There is no longer a single world economy in which var ious nations play larger or smaller roles; there are emerg ing two competing economic systems-one based on private, com petitive, interdependent trade and a communist eco nomic system designed to re place the other. Furthermore, the entire un derdeveloped world is in the midst of a basic revolution in which emerging nations hope to accomplish in 10 years what the advanced nations took as much as 100 years to accomplish. In short, the experts say, the American people must re define the very basis of this country's foreign policy. They must come up with a philoso phy or set of objectives that will deal with the world as it is. What would such a defini tion include? Here are some of the suggestions: Broad, Basic Aim "First and foremost," says a report issued by the Council on Foreign Relations, "the United, States must have a broad, basic aim which re sponds to the deep aspirations of the world's peoples, as well as meets the challenge from the communist bloc. Such an aim is the building, jointly with other free nations, of a new international order." The challenge," says the Rockefeller Report on foreign economic policy," is to build new structure that will make possible the fulfillment of the basic purposes of hu manity . . . No country not even the United States can meet the expectations of its people to continue to grow merely by developing and using its own resources alone. The free world must devise the institutions for a world community in which free so cieties may flourish and free men may have the opportuni ty to realize their potentiali ties as human beings." Still another report, one prepared by the Center for In ternational Affairs at Harvard university, puts the challenge to U.S. foreign policy in three parts: - - "(a) That the basic conflict . . BARCO SUPPLY. CO. Which (in the world) is between hu man freedom and welfare on the one hand, and totalitar ianism on the other . . ." Rival Conceptions "(b) That also at issue are two rival conceptions of world order one based on plural ism and diversity and the other based on dogmatic total itarianism ... "(c) That in the minds of many, the United States ap pears as satisfied, comfort able, interested primarily in the status quo ..." Thus, some of America's keenest thinkers believe that this nation must, in the years ahead, make bold decisions in each of the following areas: Domestically. Strengthen and enrich American society, make better and wiser use of our resources, speed the growth of our national econ omy, pay less attention (if ne cessary) to gimmicks and gadgets, pay more attention to the things (such as education) that will make us stronger. Doing . these things will, of course, cost money and sacri fice. With other free nations. Ac cept the interdependence of all free nations, and our com mon cause in building a new world order in which freedom can survive; work for closer cooperation on economic, political and military matters; set goals and build the kinds of institutions that will con tribute to the joint well-being, power and security of free societies. These things, too, will take money, sacrifice and, perhaps, wholly new con cepts of the meaning of na tional sovereignty. In the underdeveloped world. Accept greater respon sibilities for hastening the economic growth and social development of backward so cieties; in cooperation with other free and wealthy na tions, invest in world-wide economic growth with both increased government aid and increased private investment; Boys' Royal Oak plaid sport coats - flC asm ' 98 Rich wool and Orion9 Acrylic tailored in new "natural" look. New deep tones. Sizes 12 to 20; For juniors, 5 to 10 .10.98 Boys' wash 'n wear gabardine slacks . ; m , v; Rugged rayon plus Docron poly ester and nylon for extra wear. Self belt. In sizes from 12 to 18. For juniors, 6 to 10 3.98 1 - 4 Little boys' casual suits SAW made 3-button - style in smart rayon splash pattern with contrasting cuffed slacks. Sizes 3 to 8. Decisions': Are take greater pains to foster the development of free po litical institutions in these areas not necessarily on our own pattern, but free in the sense that individual rights and liberties will be guaran teed. All these things will also take planning, effort and money. In the struggle with com munism. Recognizing the cri tical nature of the conflict, take the firm steps and make the investments of effort and money necessary to insure vic tory; accept second place in nothing not in science, tech nology, education, economic power or military power; ne gotiate but do not retreat; strive for peace but be equip ped for . war. To carry out these aims, dedication and a clear free world strategy will be necessary, as well as money. Globally. Act on the convic tion that our positive goal is to create a world environ ment in which free societies, by peaceful consent, can sur vive and prosper and that, in the long run, this is the only course of action which holds out any hope for blunt ing and eventually modifying communist ambitions for a global, totalitarian order. These actions will also be ex pensive. In briefest terms, these are the guidelines for the future which some of America's top thinkers propose. The deci sions they recommend will cost money both public and private investment in the fu ture. Concrete plans and pro grams are also implied; vague "good intentions" will not get these jobs done. Finally, say the experts, time is a vital factor. Deci sions made by the next Presi dent, in his first year in of fice, can determine whether or not America is equipped to face the challenges of 1963 or evci of 1970. How can the individual citizen judge? How can he Boys' cotton1 dress shirts : Boys' spring casual suits 98 7 90 Fine wash 'n wear cotton. Permanent stay collar, button or link cuffs. White., 6 to 18 yrs. - Wool tweed coat, rayon flannel slacks with self belt. In sizes 3 to ox. 250,000 Americans Discuss Problems Of Red China An estimated 250,000 Amer icans have completed a week of study and discussion de voted to .the problems of United States policy toward Red China, as part of the na tionwide, eight-week program "Great Decisions-1960." An informal summary of opinion of 4,600 of these par ticipantsreleased by the For eign Policy association, the non-profit, non-partisan edu cational organization which sponsors "Great Decisions" revealed that 31 per cent of those included in the survey favored continued blocking of Peiping from the United Na tions, 22 per cent agreed we should "abstain" from block ing Peiping in the United Nations, and 47 per cent ac cepted the statement: "Vote for Peiping's entry into UN if Peiping will make impor tant concessions such as re nunciation of the use of force." "Great Decisions" study group members in 22 states were included in the tally which was composed of data measure specific policies and party platforms against these recommendations? On these questions the experts are less precise. The ultimate criterion is perhaps individual judgment how urgent is the individu al's concern; how much does he want his country to do, and at what sacrifice to himself; how much in other words, is the individual American will ing to invest in building a fu ture that only his descendants may enjoy? Little boys' 2-piece sets 90 Smart rayon sport coat plus rayon gabardine slacks. Spring tones. Sizes 2 to 4 and 3 to ox. Urgent Ones voluntarily submitted to . the Foreign Policy association by communities involved with the program. Unanimity of Opinion The greatest unanimity of opinion was on the subject of Nationalist China. Sixty one per cent agreed that the U.S. should "work for an in dependent Taiwan in any per manent solution to the pres ent situation." Only 11 per cent were willing to accept "Red China's right to control all territories now controlled by Nationalist China." With regard to recognition of Communist China, opinion was divided over three prop ositions. Thirty-two per cent said "continue - present non recognition policy," 27 per cent were for recognizing Peiping "outright," 41 per cent agreed with the state ment, "offer recognition if Peiping will make important concessions such as renuncia tion of the use of force." A number of "write-in" comments, however, express ed the view "Do not trust any Communist promise that they will not use force" or "any concessions Peiping would make would be ignored if it suited their plan." Other com ments: "price of recognition should include pulling out of Tibet, settling border dis putes;" "recognize Red China if it will give up claim to Formosa," and "conditional recognition-not moral &r proval." Continued economic sup port of Nationalist China (Tai wan) was approved by 54 per cent; 34 per cent advocated 1 17 S. Central SP 3-7301 Here's proof it costs dress the children so preened wMh h-S J Sizes V 7 to 14 Sizes 3 to 6x Wards gets your little girls off to an early start for Easter J Dozens of fashion' new styles, all crisp and fresh with the excitement of the holidays ahead. See rich cottons iced with embroideries and lace trims. All beautifully made, richly detailed, wonderfully washable. Terrific buys! Come early for best choice! Buy children's Easter wear en Wards convenient terms . Junior boys' dress oxfords Little girls' strep styles 4 99 a 99 Two of our smartest styles at one low price! Supple brown and black leathers. 82 to 3. So pert end pretty for Easter dress-up! Choose gleaming patent or smooth leathers. 814 to 4. continued military support of Nationalist China "only on Taiwan and islands necessary to defense of Taiwan;" 39 per cent agreed with the statement: "continue U.S. mil itary support of Nationalist China and all territories it now controls." Complex Area Trading with Red China was another complex area in which attitudes conflicted. Forty-three per cent approved of "relaxing trade restrictions on Red China to match our restrictions on trade with the U.S.S.R.;" 23 per cent thought it best to "continue embargo on all U.S. trade with Red China;" 29 per cent agreed with the statement "relax em bargo on trade." Noting the difficulties of the China issue, the Foreign Policy association, in its study materials on the subject, has Jackson County Federal! . SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATION 126 i. Main, Medford ' 337 i. 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