Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 5, 1960)
MAIL TRIBUNE, Medford. Or. Friday, February S, 1960 MEDFORDSfeTRIBuT(S "Everyone in Southern Oregon Reads The Mail Tribune" Published Daily except Saturday by MEDFORD PRINTING CO. 33 North Fir St.. Ph SP 2-6141 ROBERT W. RUHL. Editor HERB GREY Advertising Manager GERALD T LATHAM. Bus. Mgr. ERIC W. ALLEN JR.. Mng. Editor EARL H ADAMS. City Editor HARRY CHIPMAN. Teleg. Editor RICHARD JEWETT. Sports Editor OLIVE STARCHER. Women's Editor DALE ERICKSON. Circulation Mgr An Independent Newspaper Entered as second class matter at Med ford. Oregon, under Act of March 3. 1897 SUBSCRIPTION RATES By Mail In Advance. Copy 10c Daily and Sunday 1 year $15 00 Daily and Sunday 8 mos. 8 00 Daily and Sunday 3 mos. 4.25 Sunday Only One year $4.20 By Carrier In Advance Medford Ashland. Central Point Eagle Point Jacksonville. Gold Hill. Phoenix. Shady Cove. Rogue Riv er. Talent and on motor routes. Daily and Sunday 1 year $18 00 Daily and Sunday 1 mo. 1.50 Carrier and Dealers copy 10c Ail Terms casn in Advance Official Paper of City of Medford Official Paper of Jackson County United Press International Full Leased Wire UP J. Telephoto Newspictures MEMBER OF ATOT BUREAU OF CIRCULATIONS Advertising Representative: WEST HOLIDAY CO.. INC. Of fiees in New York. Chicago. De. troit. San Francisco. Los Angeles. Seattle. Portland. St. Louis. At lanta. Vancouver. B.C. NEWSPAPER PUBLISHERS ASSOCIATION EDITORIAl CffATlolN Flight o' Time Medford and Jackson County History from the files of The. Mail Tribune 10, 20, 30. 40 and 50 years ago. 10 YEARS AGO Feb. 5, 1950 (Sunday) Gov. Douglas McKay an nounces that Lane county will be the starting point in all-out state-wide drive to reduce un employment. Italian film director, Rober to Rosselini, admits to being father of Ingrid Bergman's son, says he will marry soon as her divorce to first husband is final. 20 YEARS AGO Feb. 5, 1340 (Monday) Finnish troops encircle Rus sian division and between la,' 000 and 20,000 Russ troops either killed or captured. From Arthur Perry's "Ye Smudge Pot" column: "Ameri can Bar association asks lawyers to make legal docu ments understandable by all, this should stop practice of calling a 500,000 word docu ment, a brief." 30 YEARS AGO Feb. 5, 1930 (Wednesday) County court offers humane society a site near Coker Butte. New city dance ordinance will be before council soon; it is hoped will end dispute over appointment of dance matrons. 40 YEARS AGO Feb. 5, 1920 (Friday) Three minute telephone calls to Jacksonville will cost nickel. Allies renew demand to ex tradite war criminals from Germany. 50 YEARS AGO Feb. 5. 1910 (Saturday) Creditors of Medford and Crater Lake Railroad com pany file suit in circuit court protesting nign payments xo other creditors. Mayor and councilmen re turn from southern California where they were successful in finding cheaper kinds of pave ment to use on local streets. What's Your I.Q.? Nine or ten correct is superior: seven or eight is excellent; five or lis is good. 1. Solidified carbon dioxide is known as what? 2. Do racehorses on U.S. tracks run clockwise or counter-clockwise? 3. Is hematology the study of hemstitching, genealogy, or blood? 4. Is the puffing adder a venomous snake? 5. Where would you look to find the expression QWER TYUIOP? 6. Which are the two lead ing silver-producing countries in the world? 7. What does the phrase "caveat emptor" mean? 8. Correct the following: "Neither the President nor his wife are to be present at the ceremony." 9. How many passengers were there aboard the May flower? 10. All foreign-born per sons are aliens; true or false? Answers: 1. Dry ice. 2. Counter-clockwise. 3. Blood. 4. No. 5. Standard typewriter keyboard. 6. U.S. and Mexico. 7. "Let the buyer beware." 8 "Neither the President nor his wife is . . ." 9. One-hundred and two. 10. False. NATIONAL 31 lA Gambling Our Future Time and Life magazines, the mainstays of the Luce enterprises, have long been staunch ad herents of the Eisenhower administration. There are some, indeed, who think of them as the "Ike house organs," dedicated to making President Eisenhower even more of the hero than he already is to the American people, and which never, never, never say a bad word about Ike. So, when both of them, stimultaneously, chal- lege the President's own verdict that he knows more about military aff airs than almost anybody, it's news, of a sort. IN THEIR current issues, both of these big mag- azines take a look at America's missile strength, and come to the conclusion that we aren't doing enough in this line. This is in rather violent contrast to the sooth ing syrup they have been ladling out ever since Sputnik I started beeping its ominous message of Russian rocket superiority. Both Time and Life have been, until very recently, scornful of the warnings issued by a number of other publi cations less dedicated to the "Ike Can Do No Wrong" philosophy. We don't know what motivated this change, unless it is that the evidence is becoming almost overwhelming that America is not only behind in missile and space technology, but in imminent danger of falling even further back, not only in these fields but m general science and economy. fEN. Thomas S. Power, commander of the Strategic Air Command, has shown great courage, and jeopardized his Air Force career, by speaking out against the budget-minded cuts in American military strength. He has stuck to his view, too, even in face of pressure from his su periors and chiding direct from the White House. Gen. Maxell D. Talyor, former Army chief of staff, feels the same uncertain terms in a book published alter his re tirement, and since. Gen. Thomas D. White, Air Force chief of staff, also is concerned, but says his views have been rejected by his civilian superiors and that he must accept their decision. Maj. Gen. John B. Medaris, who retired re cently as head of the Army missile program; has also protested lack of funds and lack of overall direction of American rocketry. DR. WERNHER von Braun, America's premier rocket scientist, is "very doubtful" if the" U.S. could catch up with the Russians by 1964, even if massive new funds are allocated to the work. Air Force Secretary Dudley C. Sharp agrees "in principle" that an airborne alert is needed. Lt. Gen. Bernard Schriever, head of research for the Air Force, likewise advocates a maximum airborne alert which means he concedes the Russians are so far ahead we have to put stop gap remedies to use until (or if) the "missile gap" or "deterrent gap" can be closed. DOTH Walter Lippmann and Joseph Alsop, trained observers and newsmen, have express ed extreme concern, not only about America's short-range military capabilities, but about its long-range economic, scientilic, technological and military sense of urgency and direction. And now, belatedly, the Luce publications are acknowledging that perhaps all is not as secure and rosy as the administration has been attempting to assure us. President Eisenhower, said Wednesday that America's defense plans are adequate, and that we have enough power to deter attack. But this statement is mightily unconvincing when viewed in light of Defense Secretary Thomas Gates' admission of some days ago that America's plans are based on what we "think" the Russians might do. IS THE administration, in fact, gambling with America's future? Is it wishfully hoping that, through small budget increases, it will be able to overcome its second class status in rocketry and space? Is it staking America's very survival on its "guess" as to what Russia or China might do? Evidence mounts that it is doing exactly this. Isn't it about time, 27 months after Sputnik, that this country decides to look facts in the face, decides not to settle for second-best, decides not to gamble its existence on someone's "guess", and decides that the price is worth it? E.A. Soft Speaking One can be strongly critical of the adminis tration for its almost hypnotic adherence to budget-first policies, particularly in defense mat ters, and at the same time believe it is right in seeking to find an international accommodation which will permit eventual disarmament. Right now, we cannot afford to be second best militarily. . In the long rim (and it is a "run" which is getting shorter all the time), we cannot afford to continue a senseless armament race, particu larly when the armaments are of a sort which, if ever used, promise total annihilation. THERE was a lot of plain horse-sense in Teddy Roosevelt's admonition to "speak softly and cany a big stick." - We approve the administration's soft speak ing in international affairs, -and devoutly hope that a way can be found to achieve world dis armament on a solid, safeguarded basis. Meanwhile, the "bip- stick" looks nrettv shaky. E.A. . -.. way, and said so in no - Dennis the 1 THOUGHT THE TRAIN Communications Letters to the Editor must bear the name and address of the writer, although under certain circumstances the use of a pen name or initial for publication is permissible. The Mail Tribune reserves the right to edit all letters with a view to clarification and condensation. Letters submitted for publication must not exceed 400 words. The letters printed in this column do not necessarily represent the views of the paper; in fact the contrary is often the case. Billboards To the Editor: I wish to thank you for your editorials regarding billboards in which you gave some clear explana tions and also asked the opin ions of others. 1. 1 think that ALL our highways would much better serve their purpose without any billboards at all, with just the barest directional signs. This would include those splendid maps placed at some intersections where one can park in safety at the side and learn where various roads lead. 2. I believe that billboards are a very objectional means of advertising. They are a hazard, thev clutter up the landscape and annoy the driv er just as record players in some streetcars forced their advertising ; into the ears of their captive audiences. 3. One of the finest things Medford has done in some time was to put in fine shape that beautiful little Maple Grove Park. Then to deface it with a large ' staring bill board, just as one approaches the city, would be working toward the opposite direction Cluttering up a town is just like some run-down stores that plaster their outsides with a mess of soft drink, tobacco, milk, and bakery signs, etc. Reminds me of a sign I once saw in a small town barber shop. I did not think it attracted the most desirable citizens. It said: "If you spit on the floor at home, spit on it here. We want you to feel at home." Horace W. Thompson, 3642 Hilsinger rd., Medford - P.S. Advertising belongs in the newspapers and magazines where one can read at leisure Cook in Opposition To the Editor: A metropoli tan newspaper of Feb. 3 chose editorially to reelect Senator Neuberger on the spot, and to ignore the growing oppo sition to him and the candi date who represents that op position. They unwittingly did me a favor by so doing. If there are, as was stated, prospec tive candidates for senator who are too timid or afraid to come out and contest Sena tor Neuberger, they were further discouraged. For throwing a scare at any com petition to me, I am grateful. For playing ostrich and re fusing to recognize opposi tion, I am amused. I have been accused of be ing lacking in color. There is one band of tti3 spectrum in particular that has not been attributed to me. That is yel low. I entered this race when Senator Neuberger was ap parently in full vigor and go ing strong. My opposition is to his record of spending and taxing and to his socialistic inclinations. My opposition will continue to be so, regardless of the at titude of big newspapers, whose reasoning seems ter ribly mixed up. I refer to giv ing support to a man who is supported by the very same forces that are trying to sub due the newspaper. I will not try to unscrew the unscru table. R. F. Cook, Route 1, Box 320, Silvertcn, Ore. Party Convention To the Editor: The historic Democratic State Convention at Salem is over. To say it was a success is an under statement. Yet I cannot, in the limitations of a letter to the editor, adequately convey the excitement and deep sat isfaction and pleasure which I felt in the results of this great convention. Menace 1 V I . I ... I I i lAAS RATHER GOOD. The part of the convention which most impressed me was the tremendous interest of people to listen to discussion on questions of the day, many of the people not even dele gates or alternates to the con vention. Friday afternoon, as you walked down the hall of the Marion Hotel by the com mittee rooms, not only were 20 or 30 delegates inside de bating, but standing quietly around the edges of the com mittee room and even bulging out into the hall, stood many people just listening. Friday night our main Plat form Committee started work at 7 o'clock. I thought maybe 10 or 15 non-delegates might show up to listen for a short time. By 8 o'clock we had an audience of 50 or 60, the en tire free area of the room had been filled with chairs and a few even stood in the door way and a short distance dowu the hall. This keen and strong interest of people held most of this wonderful audi ence until one o'clock' in the morning. I might add that our committee worked until 4 o'clock Saturday morning. What a strong reaffirma tion, for those of weak heart who need it, of the keen de sire of the Oregon people to discuss and hear discussed the great problems which face us. I wonder who the Repub lican State Chairman was thinking of when he said re cently at Coos Bay that the Democratic State Convention was silly because really the issues were too complex for the average person to under stand. One fond hope that I cling to as one of the hoped for results of this convention is that somewhere in that large audience Friday night, listen ing and observing the pro ceedings of this tremendous Democratic Convention, was a Republican. If there was, maybe he will carry back a seed to the dark, dismal bos om of the Republican high command. Somewhere in the folds of that body that seed might find a warm nesting place, and after the necessary pass ing of time a new idea might eventually emerge. What a great day for politics in Ore gon that would be! Robert W. Straub, Democratic State Chairman, Eugene, Ore. Commercial-Commercials To the Editor: Television commercials get longer and more devious as this medium of selling gains in experience. Tuesday night's - "Carnegie Story", however, seemed to be a bold step toward making the sales pitch continuous. Here was a full half hour of commercial, well larded with Patent Medicine" type testi monials and replete with the usual interruptions we have come to accept as the selling part of the program. Since the whole show was ' Sell", would these inter ruptions be called Commer cial-Commercials, or; perhaps. The Full Nelson" treatment? Probably a few more years of practice will bring a perfec tion in the subtlety of the double barreled presentation, that will make us supinely un aware of the fact that we are being propagandized. H. W. Robertson 103 North Central ave. Medford Bill's Billboard To the Editor: Will try to explain in a few simple words why we defend the obnoxious billboard; a controversy six score years ago. The monologue goes like this: "Bill" had ' a billboard. Ex-G. I. Delights in Watching Top Brass Snap To As Unmilitary Senator Presides By DICK WEST Washington - (UPD - As a World War II G.I. who never rose above the rank of Techni cian - Fifth Grade, I get a certain kick out of attend ing Senate m i 1 i tary ap propri a t i o n hearings. I like to see all those gen erals and ad- Dick West mirais pop- to" when our civilian keepers of the purse enter the room. In my sadistic little way, I en joy watching them squirm and meekly murmur Yes sir when some senator drives home a point that is beside the point. LAti Mexican President Making New Friends on By PHIL NEWSOM UPI Foreign Editor The man-of-the-w e e k: President Adolf o Lopez Maieos of Mexico. The place: Santiago, Chile. The quote: "I call for the union of all Latin Ameri can peoples, all nations, all equal and serene, and all great." From the day he left Mex ico City and arrived in Cara cas, Venezuela, first stop on a si x-nauon Latin Ameri can tour, the handsome, 49 year - old Lo pez M a t e o s had been showered with honors by the gov ernments he Phil Newsom Visited. The people had given him a hero's welcome. The eloquence of his ora tory impressed parliaments and drew admiring comments in those Latin lands where every man is born an orator. But there was more than oratory and cheering crowds in Lopez Mateos' tour. Everywhere, he hammered on the single theme of conti nental unity a common mar ket, greater interchange of goods and culture. Generally, he avoided poli "Bill" also had a" board-bill. "Bill's" board -bill bored "Bill" so much, that "Bill" had to sell his billboard to pay his board-bill, then the board bill no longer bored "Bill." Bert Kissinger, 320 Boardman st., Medford. P.S.-The weather after math of groundhog day is fil ibustering while these lines are written. Fully-Dressed Reader To the Editor: I received some literature from Mrs. G. C. Cunningham of Gold Hill. "Death of Modesty. (Modern undress.) Eve is again listening to the voice of the Serpent." Are you trying to connect all this literature to me? If there's anything I dislike worse than a-non-e-mous (to use Mrs. Spackman's expres sion) callers or writers, is to receive a lot of literature with no explanation as to why it's being sent. For your information, how ever, I have not joined a nud ist colony and have no inten tion to. Strange as it may seem, I go around completely dressed, although some people may drive me completely out of my cotton pickin' mind. May I add, thank you, Mr. Veach, for those words. If Omar said it, it's good enough for me. Mrs. Delbert Casey, Route 1, Box 358, Central Point, Ore. P.S.-Was going to ignore the above-mentioned litera ture, but have received so much lately I'm getting mad der than a March Hatter. , Others Object, Too To the Editor: I am very sure there are hundreds "be sides you" who are very much opposed to a billboard on the east side of Highway 99, or any place else in Med ford, if they will just stand up and be counted. Mrs. N. F.'Crowell, 46 South Groveland ave., Medford. Labor Laws To the Editor: As pointed out in previous articles, the termination of the steel strike still leaves the main problem unsettled. That is the monop olistic and political power of Union Labor to strangle our economy in order to extort unearned : and inflationary terms for its services year after year! . ' The disastrous results of this are well understood by most, but perhaps few realize the ultimate effects in full. Unless the present trend of inflation caused by' labor On the occasion of my most recent entertainment, it was the Navy's turn to appear be fore the Appropriations sub committee. Arrayed at the witness table were the battlewagons of the budget - Navy Secre tary William B. Franke, Adm. Arleigh Burke, Chief of Naval Operations, and Gen. David M. Shoup, Marine Corps com mandant. Supporting Cast At a smaller table, in sup porting position, hovered a flotilla of lesser brass with pencils and briefcases at the ready. Dispersed across the spectator section was an es cort squadron of Marine colonels and Navy Com manders. (Out of deference to Shoup, Tour of Neighbors tical subjects, and by the time he reached Chile, fourth stop on the tour, it was plain he was making friends for Mexico. In nearly every capital, he signed new cultural agree ments. It was considered cer tain trade agreements will follow. Lopez Mateos is the hand picked successor to . former President Adolfo Ruiz Corti nes under whom he served as secretary of labor. Lawyer-trained, he was so successful in the handling of labor disputes that of nearly 100 that came before his of fice, scarcely a dozen devel oped into strikes. When Ruiz Cbrtines picked him as the presidential candi date for the Institutional Re voluntary Party (PRI) he re ceived support from both management and labor.. Critical of U.S. He has been critical of the United States. "The U.S. policy is to buy cheap and sell dear," he once said. But Mexican Communists score him as a "pro-Yankee He contends that the prices Latin America gets for its raw materials and pays for U.S. goods are controlled "unilaterally" by the United States. An "adjustment", he argues, could eliminate much of the need for U.S. loans and abuses and irresponsible gov ernment fiscal policies) is stopped, it eventually will destroy our present economic system and result in great suf fering for all, including labor. The best comment on the steel settlement is contained in an editorial by David Lawrence in U. S. News & World Report of Jan. 18. You would perform a great public service by reproducing that in full for the benefit of those who have not seen it. Since no employer or in dustry can hold out against excessive labor demands un der present conditions, it be comes the duty of Congress to change the rules. In order to accomplish that it seems necessary for the voters to change the complexion of our present Congress. Too many of them seem subservient to minority pressure groups rather than acting for the greatest good of the greatest number. This was apparent during consideration of recent labor reform legislation. Several bills were proposed, only one of which offered the prospect of any real reform, namely the Landrum - Griffin bill, which finally won out only by a narrow margin. Although desired by an overwhelming majority of citizens and prob ably even more than half of the workers, all but one of Oregon's Congressional dele gation at first voted in favor of the other measures. The passage of any of these inef fective laws would have pre cluded any desireable results of the entire transaction. Rep resentative Norblad deserves great credit for his courage in voting for the public wel fare against heavy pressure from selfish intersts. As evidence of what may be expected, please note that; the Democratic state conven tion recently adopted a plat form calling for repeal of the Taft-Hartley and all labor re form laws passed in 1959. Perhaps Mr. Hoffa will be their choice for President. C. S. Pope, Route 2, Box 435, Medford. cLOGSTorrs Metal Weather Stripping and Screens Eitimatt Gladly Phone SP 3-1014 Evenings who has strong feelings on the subject, nobody brandished a swagger stick.) As if by signal, this salty contingent drew up to atten tion when subcommittee Chairman Dennis Chavez ap peared on the poop deck, his cigar listing to starboard. T'was a pity they had no bos'n's mate to pipe him aboard. "Good morning, boys," call ed out Chavez in a chipper voice, and I savored the mo ment as though it were a rare wine. To me, there is some thing indescribably delicious about hearing the topside of the U.S. Navy addressed as "boys." Only Senator Present After a hearty handshake all around, the chairman, who would make it possible for Latin America to step up its drive against hunger and pov erty. He would cut out red tape. Today Lopez Mateos is the foremost representative of Mexico's rising middle class. Washington Report By WILLIAM WISCONSIN BACKFIRE? Washington - No doubt the Humphrey forces have won a famous battle by changing the rules in the middle of the gam 2 against the Kennedy people in Wis- consins cnti- I cal I tial Presiden- primary campaign It is entire ly, n Aa cihlp White " however, that the Humphreyites will yet lose the war over this episode. For if Senator John F. Ken nedy of Massachusetts comes out alive, so to speak, in the Wisconsin primary election of April 15 he is likely to be the ultimate gainer for the Democratic Presidential nomi nation, and not Senator Hu bert H. Humphrey of Minne sota. Voters sometimes respond angrily to rigging such strug gles-and in areas beyond and far larger than the scene of the rigging itself. This the late Senator Robert A. Taft of Ohio found to his cost. Over- zealous Taft supporters tried to load the dice again Dwight D. Eisenhower in Texas in 1952 when these two power houses were seeking the Texas delegation to the Republican National Convention. rpHE circumstances in Wis -- consin now are quite dif ferent. All the same, the un duly rough tactics of the Taft- ites provoked such cries of "steal" and bossism" as to provide the crusher for his subsequent defeat "at the na tional convention by General Eisenhower. Wisconsin Is one of a hand ful of states which use the Presidential preference pri mary, or popularity contest, to decide what aspirant should be backed for the Presiden tial nomination. Most of the states wisely depend instead on the decisions of state party conventions. Both systems have faults. But the primary system has nothing but faults, the great est of which is irresponsibil ity. It is open to all manner of pie-in-the-sky promises, to all manner of emotional hoopla, to success based upon a winning smile or the like. Still, there it is. It happens to be the system in Wiscon sin, the locale of the first really big primary of this year of crisis. NOBODY with experience of primaries can summon up Summer Shade? Plant Trees Now We have a large line of shade trees and ornamentals. And don't forget our ROSES Over 40 varieties to choose from. Ornamental Nursery Central Point. Ore. Sec Map Below for Directions. TABLE HOCK RD. rC nJ ORNAMENTAL jS NURSERY " H S Russ & Nell Faulkner Ph. NO 4-1703 . was the only senator present when the hearing began, took his seat, tapped his gavel and called himself to order. A small, rumpled Democrat from New Mexico. Chavez may be our most unmilitary looking senator, not counting Sen. Margaret Chase Smith (R Maine) (who is a Navy re serve officer herself.) But he can be a tiger when aroused. He was on this occasion ob viously aroused by President Eisenhower's comment that military chiefs who com plained to Congress about their budgets were being "parochial." "You boys be as parochial as you want to," said Chavez with a magnanimous wave of his cigar. He can afford to be magnanimous. He doesn't de pend on Ike for promotions. I wouldn't exactly say that the "boys" took advantage of his generosity. But when Burke was asked if the Navy could use some more missile money, he concurred so speedily it was easy to see how he acquired the nick name of "31 knots." I think ihe Navy learned long ago that parochialism can be profitable. As for me, I am more convinced than ever that legislating can be fun. S. WHITE any tremulous moral indig nation at what goes on in them. For what can and does go in is always plenty. The action of the Humphrey peo ple in Wisconsin, therefore, is hardly the greatest vil lainy of the 20th Centry. Still there is the danger of carry ing hanky-panky too far. And this may be the ultimate judgment on what has hap pened in Wisconsin. The Humphrey - controlled state Democratic Administra tive Committee, after Ken nedy had agreed to contest in this backyard to Hum phrey's Minnesota, has now suddenly doctored the books. The net of the change is to cut down on the value to a candidate of winning a ma jority vote in the state as a whole and to inflate the value of winning certain rural areas in which Humphrey is pre sumed to be the stronger. It is the kind of "bossism" and "denial of the popular will"- against which the ex treme liberals among the Humphrey camp are in con slant and full-throated outcry -when it is practiced by oth ers. - And Humphrey himself is presented as the sole, 100 per cent, Simon-pure "anti- boss" candidate in the Demo cratic party. THE likely effect, of course, is to compromise the worth of Kennedy's victory state wide, should he win one. In deed, it is now even possible for him to win a popular ma jority and still not a majority of the state delegation to the Democratic National Conven tion. On its face it is, for Hum phrey, heads-I-win and tails- you-lose. For Kennedy has been aware all along that be cause of his Eastern back ground he must look reason- bly good in the Midwest of throw in his hand. If he loses the Wisconsin farm areas and still carries the big cities (which looks to be a prob able outcome) the resulting net majority may do him no good-so far as Wisconsin is concerned. But if Kennedy is not now given a thumping licking by Humphrey, it is Humphrey's victory that will be question able. For Kennedy can always pick himself up out of the dust and say he was counted out, anyhow. (Copyright. 1960, by United Feature Syndicate, Inc.)