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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 28, 1960)
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CARTON MLffflTI OREGON NO. 1 STANDARD SIZE For Cakes, Candies, Cookies or Munching Ib. BIG SAVINGS! apples YAKIMA FANCY RED DELICIOUS Crisp, bulging with juice Huge Reflector Due to Scan Sky for Universe Knowledge New York-(Scientif ic Amer ican Feature)-A giant dish shaped reflector, as big as a football stadium, supported on moveable towers half as tall as the Empire State Building, is scheduled to start scanning the sky in 1962 from the tiny village of. Sugar Grove, W. Va. Under construction by the U.S. Navy, the big dish is the principal element of the world's largest steerable tele scope. It promises to add im mensely to man's knowledge of the nature of the universe. According to Edward F. Mc Clain Jr., head of the radio astronomy branch of the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C., the new in strument will be used to con duct classified research for the Navy half of each day and be made available to as tronomers for basic studies in radio astronomy during the remaining half. To Focus Radiation "The very size of the 600 foot radio telescope is the justification for building it," Dr. McClain explains. "Like the mirror in a light-gathering telepscope, the parabolic reflector is simply a device to collect and focus electro magnetic radiation. The larg er the reflector, the more ra diation it can collect. The radiation-gathering power of any telescope increases ap proximately as the square of the increase in its diameter. Radio astronomers have a sec ond compelling reason to want such a big telescope. This is the need for resolving power, or capacity to distinguish celestial objects and locate them accurately. Small tele scopes give relatively fuzzy, out-of-focus images; larger ones, proportionately sharper ones. The nearest steerable competitor to the big dish in size is the 250-foot paraboloid at Jordell Bank, England." Construction of the . tele scope, Dr. McClain stated, will require 20,000 tons of steel, 600 tons of aluminum and some 14.000 cubic yards of concrete. The reflector will be cradled in two structures resembling 400-foot Ferris wheels, which will tilt it to any angle of elevation from the horizon to the zenith. To turn a full 360 degrees in the horizontal plane the en tire structure will ride a cir cular railroad track on trucks equivalent to 36 freight cars. To Strip Mystery The new instrument prom ises to strip the mystery from many puzzling features of the universe. It will, for ex ample, be able to follow in dividual spots on the sun and to make precise measure ments of electrical phenomena associated with solar flares, the apparent source of "radio blackouts" on earth which disrupt Naval as well as other communications. Since the new instrument can function as a transmitter as well as receiver of radio energy, it will enable the Navy to com municate directly and simul taneously with its world-wide units by bouncing signals off the moon. Astronomers hope, among other applications, to use the big dish as a thermometer for measuring the temperature of the planets. Far from being the frigid objects once thought, it appears from measurements made by small er radio telescopes that the surface temperatures of Venus and Jupiter may be high enough to flash water into steam. The new instrument should clear up such ques tions. As for objects outside the solar system, astronomers believe the new instrument will give a detailed picture of the spiral arms in our own galaxy as well as to show new features of our nearest gal actic neighbor, the Great Neb ula in Andromeda. Vexing Question "An especially vexing ques tion in radio astronomy is the determination of distances to radio sources in the universe," said Dr. McClain. "It is im possible at present to dis tinguish a low - intensity source inside the Milky Way from a high-intensity source located at a great distance outside. Perhaps the 600-foot telescope will find some phe nomenon to provide the radio astronomer with a yardstick. One thing the instrument will not do, unfortunately, is 'see' 40 billion light-years into the universe - as has been widely reported. In a static universe it could indeed detect objects that far away. But in our ex panding universe the velocity of receding objects increases with distance and radio wave lengths received from them increase proportionately. Long before the 'seeing' limit of the new telescope has been Several plans for railroads to transport goods from the east -coast to west coast in Mexico and Central America were begun in the Eighteen Eighties, but proved to be too expensive. Then someone thought to dig the Panama Canal. reached we will lose the sig nals because the earth's iono sphere is opaque to long radio waves. Within its operating limits, however, the 600-foot telescope will make possible the study of a greatly in creased number of objects not accessible to observation by other instruments." Scientists Study Time Factors of Atom Fallout Washington - (UPD - Recent research suggests that radio active fallout from nuqlear explosions near the fringes of space takes far longer to reach the earth than bomb debris from blasts in lower regions of the atmosphere. But scientists described as "premature" their earlier as sumption, based on prelimin ary data, that fallout from nu clear blasts in the high strat osphere might take as long as a century to settle to earth. Authorities say that fallout from nuclear tests on the sur face or a relatively low alti tudes comes down in 1 to 5 years. The slower descent of fall out from altitudes above the bulk of the atmosphere was established in studies of radio active material from two missile-born H-bombs exploded 20 and 40 miles above John son Island in the Pacific in the summer of 1958. A preliminary report based on samples obtained up to last June by aircraft and balloons indicated the "residence time" of such explosions in the high stratosphere might be on the order of a century. It was learned, however, that samples taken in Novem ber suggests a somewhat faster rate of descent. No Conclusion Dr. M. I. Kalkstein, who is studying the matter for the Air Force, told United Press International that the new data makes it impossible to say whether the fallout time is "20, 50, 10, or five years or whatever." He added that the 100-year figure contained in the pre liminary report, was based on the assumption that the rate noted up to June would hold steady. That assumption, he said, "now seems prema ture." Some scientists have argu ed that nuclear tests could be held in space without appre ciable hazard to human be ings. They have differed as to how high the explosions would have to be set off to be safe. Less Radioactivity The longer the fallout takes to come down, the less radio active it is when it finally reaches the earth. MAIL TRIBUNE, Mtdf.rrf, Or. Thursday, Jan. 28, 160 Shipyard Workers On Strike Today New York (UPE Shipyard workers were on strike to'day at eight Bethlehem Steel Co. Atlantic Coast yards halting work on an estimated two billion dollars worth of ship building. Members of the Industrial Union of Marine and Ship building Workers went on strike against six yards at midnight Wednesday night. Two others were shut down last Friday in a dispute with the company over a new con tract. The new strike affected three New York City yards, two in Baltimore and one in East Boston, Mass. Previously closed by the walkout were the Fore River yard in Quin cy, Mass., and the Hoboken, N.J., yard. Union negotiators called the strike because meetings with federal mediators here had failed "even to wring consent from management to meet . . . across the bargain ing table." The union has been without a contract since last July 31. Negotiations broke down over work rules, classifications and higher pay last week. The union has 17,000 mem bers at the eight shipyards. It has asked a pay increase to $3 an hour for the journey man classification. They now receive $2.80. 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