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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (March 22, 1959)
MAIL TRIBUNE, Madforf, Oregon, Sunday, Marcn 22, 193 S y. S. IFoireogp PoDky HIo Bosk Addttds Preventing War Is Diplomacy as Well As Military Job (Editor's note: This is an other in lh series of topics for discussion in the Great Decisions program. Today's topic is "What kind of world is possible?" It con cerns American foreign pol icy regarding prevention of an all-out war and to sur vive the cold war with American strength and free "dom intact.) A world burnt to a crisp in nuclear warfare is" one possi bility for the future; a world perpetually on the brink of ' annihilation, . deadlocked . in prolonged cold war, is anoth er possibility. These two prospects sug gest that United States foreign policy has two fundamental aims; first, to prevent an all out war that would destroy the contenders, and probably the spectators as well; second, to survive a long cold war with American sirengin ana iree dom intact. The first aim, to prevent war, is a diplomatic as well as a military job, most experts agree. It involves creative policies, maneuver, consulta tion, negotiation, a mixture of firmness and flexibility. It also involves adequate mili tary power to prevent East West differences from degen- ' erating into total war. . Involves Policies The second aim, to survive - a prolonged cold war, may well be a job for every aspect of American society, domestic , as well as foreign policies. It will involve our social and economic policies; education, research and civil rights as well as trade, aid and techni cal assistance. It will also in volve our military policies, Including plans for possible limited wars. There are many disagree- IliiiiiililiiiSSw ::;!S't;!Si2i!i:i;i.fel!l X I Military officers came to power in 1958 Single party governments ir Full constitutional government restricted .r Military governments were installed in 1958 CS3 1959 Hearing Glasses THAT ARE them at MAICO of MEDFORD 82C E. MAIN SP2-7418 Henry Myhre, H. C. Home Owned, Home Operated ments on how trie United States can best carry out these two fundamental objec tives of foreign policy. Yet certain principles are shared by. nearly all the experts. Among these are: 1. The power of the United States and the effectiveness of its policies depend, to some degree, on. the unity of power and purpose of the western anti-Communist alliance. Intense Nationalism 2. The policies of the Unit- jed States and the Western al liance must taKe into account, not only the threat of commu nism, but also the many forces at work in the world which have little to do with communism among others, intense nationalism of new nations, the pressure of pop ulation explosion on world re sources, revolutionary change in modern technology, world wide competition for markets and raw materials, and the universal demand for eco nomic growth. - 3. Policies to build the kind of world we want will be ef fective only if we are realis tic about the kind of world that is possible. According to many critics, postwar U.S. foreign policy has seldom been creative or imaginative. Such imaginative ideas as the Truman adminis tration's Marshall Plan or the Eisenhower a d m inistration's "atoms for peace" are rare. We are more apt, these critics say, to plod along until a cri sis develops, and then to im provise policies to deal with the crisis. Berlin Problem The Berlin problem is a case in point, some observers claim. The crisis was forced on the West by Russia's ulti matum (later softened) de manding the withdrawal of Allied occupation forces from West Berlin by May 27, and the creation of a "free city" in the Western sector. Since that announcement Moscow has proposed a series of varia tions on its original proposal, only adding to the uncertain ty, in Western capitals, of the Russian intentions. The White House has full bipartisan support for a firm stand in Berlin, regardless of Russian pressures. But many U.S. and Allied experts be lieve that the West should have been more imaginative in the past in its handling of the Berlin problem-or of the larger, related problems of German reunification and Eu ropean security. West Berlin might, for ex amle, have been made the capital of, West Germany some years ago. Or the West might have paid more atten tion to Polish proposals for military "neutralization" of Central Europe, including Germany. Flexibility in Crisis The opportunity for flexi bility in the present crisis has also been raised. Some ex perts suggest that the West might temporarily forego all German free elections, for ex ample, and accept a confed eration of free West and Com munist East Germany. Or that the West confront Russia with some creative new pro posal for Berlin, Germany or Central Europe that would allow Western diplomacy to take the initiative. Whatever policies are adopted for the immediate weeks ahead, responsible opinion is practically unani mous in recognizing that the principal Western Allies Washington, London, Paris and West Germany-must be firm or flexible together. The United States may be the par amount power in the Western alliance, but it cannot act alone in Berlin or any other major cold war front. 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See Acme for Your Garden and Lawn Needs SPECIALISTS IN HOMEWARES ! 245 S. Central at 10th Phone SP 2-5201 dows, observers believe. A firm Western stand on Berlin implies a willingness to go to war, if necessary, rather than surrender to the Russian de mand. This, in turn, raises the question of whether the West is equipped to wage a limited war pver Germany-a war that would not automatically become all-out nuclear war, engulfing the entire world. President Eisenhower, in his March 11 press confer ence, seemed to rule om lim ited war in this case. ' Thus another question is raised whether or not . the West is capable of waging and sur viving total war. Alternatives Alternatives of this magni tude make it clear that stark East-West confrontation over Berlin may involve more than a matter of principle and legal rights of the Allied occupation powers. It may be a matter of survival. Policies to deal, with a problem such as Berlin must take into- account a host of other possible developments, and the West's capacity to deal with these. Thus "how far are we willing to go?" is translated into "how far are we capable of going?" This would be just as true in the Middle East and the Taiwan Strait as it is in Berlin. How far we are capable of going reduces itself to such questions as U.S. and Allied economic and military power in relation to Communist power, and Western objec tives and commitments in the rest of the non - Communist world is between the indus trialized democracies and the underdeveloped lands. By way of contrast the Commu nist bloc accounts for only 6 per. cent of all world trade. Another Aspect Another aspect of Western economic power which dis turbs observers is the rela tively faster rate of growth of Communist economies. If the Communist powers con tinue to build their industries at present rates, and if West ern economic growth is not speeded up, the West's lead over-the East may vanish in the course of a few 'decades. On the military side the West pins its strategy on the p r i n c i p le of f "deterrence." The administration, for exam ple, has abandoned thoughts of trying to match Commu nist military strength man for man or missile for missile. In stead the United States de pends on its power to destroy the Communist homeland even after we are attacked. As the West is laid in ruins by Russian . missiles, Western bombers would be en route to work equal destruction on Communist targets. This still leaves open to de bate two important questions. First, will the United .States continue to have absolute re taliatory power without fas ter development of bur own missiles, and quicker transfer from manned bombers to more modern weapons? Sec ond, are we capable of any thing but massive retaliation -are we losing, in other words, our capacity to fight limited war with convention al armies and weapons such as we used in Korea? Firmness Limited - On both the economic and the military side, the flexibil ity or firmness of Western policies is limited in large measure to Western capabili ties. Nor is the present bal ance of power all there is to the picture. To deal with new crises in the future (and a prolonged cold war will sure ly produce new crises) the West must lay the founda tions now for the power it will some day need. This, ex perts say, applies to future economic power and future military power. Finally, observers point out that developments through out the non-Communist world will also affect the future power and effectiveness of the Western alliance. Econom ic dependence of the indus trialized democracies on the underdeveloped areas is part of the problem. Another part is the race between growing economic needs of the newly developing nations and their rapid population growth. Many commentators also feel that the ideeological contest between East and West is vi tally important. According to this view it is essential that the emerging new nations of Africa and Asia, and the struggling re publics of Latin America, find their future in the free, Western-type democr acies Otherwise the whole ideologi cal cause of the Western pow ers loses its meaning. If the vast majority of the world's peoples turn to militarism or to communism in the years ahead, the United States may find itself in a kind of world where survival of our way of life is improbable, if not im possible. Centennial Dance Set at Butte Falls Butte Falls - A Centennial celebration in the form of a square dance will be held in the Butte Falls High school gymnasium Saturday, March 28, at 8:30 p.m. sponsored by the Butte Falls Grange. It is one of a number of Centen nial Darties to be held in Jackson county this year. Doug Decker, Central Point, will be master of ceremonies He will be assisted in calling the squares by guest callers, including. Ray Hagemann, Rogue River; Pete Dunster, Grants Pass; and Jake Teows and Danny Neill, Medford. Prizes will be given for the oldest authentic costume, best dressed couple in Centennial style, and for the best beard Judges will be chosen at the "square-up." Women of the HEC will sell hot dogs, home-made pie, cake, coffee and soft drinks in the cafeteria. The affair is open to the public, including square danc ers and spectators. Centennial dress is suggested, but not necessary, according to Gen eral Chairman Grace Wells. Hawaii Teamsters Union Imports Barred as Pickets Seattle -(UPD- Two pickets flown from Hawaii by the Teamsters union were barred by a court order from pick eting a van and storage firm here Friday. Another firm was still being picketed. A Superior Court restrain ing ordered against the picket ing of the Smyth Van and Storage Co. was granted on Thursday. A one-man picket line is still in effect at the Martin Van lines establish ment here. The pickets were imDorted from Hawaii Local 996 of the Teamsters union. A strike in Hawaii has closed the South Hawaiian Van lines and the Martin Overseas Van lines since last Friday. A show-cause hearing has been scheduled !in Superior Court here Tuesday on the Smyth firm's petition to halt the picketing. Martin Van Lines has filed unfair labor practice charees with the national labor rela tions board, contending the picketing is a secondary boy cott. . ; Members of Teamster Lo cal 174 of Seattle have re spected the picket lines of the Hawaiian local although there is no dispute between Local 174 and the two firms. Junior RC Make Table Decorations Members of the Junior Red Cross council made Easter table decorations for members of the Camp White domici liary at a meeting March 17 at the chapter house. Schools represented includ ed Howard, Hedrick Junior High, Washington, Jefferson, Roosevelt, West Side; Jackson, Lincoln, McLoughlin and Medford High. Mrs. Myers Jones, Mrs. Reese M. Alexander and Mrs. Paul Lea were senior advisors attending. Maj. Gen. J. H. Hicks will discuss Civil Defense at the next meeting April 21. A disposable shaving kit contains a throwaway razor and enough brushless cream for one shave. HONEYMOON ENDS Montgomery, Ala. - (CPD -. Alcie Dee Sartain, 22, ended a week-long honeymoon Fri day and surrendered himself to Alabama authorities to fin ish a 20-year armed robbery charge. Sartain escaped from Kilby Prison last summer and went to California, where he found a job and a wife. Sar tain said he wanted to finish his prison sentence so he could start a new life. Memory Gardens MEMORIAL SERVICE PLAN Bill Gives Governor Moderate Authority Salem-(DPD-The House State and Federal Affairs commit tee Friday approved a bill giving authority to reorganize state government. The bill originally was tab led because the committee be lieved it gave the governor too much power without provid ing enough controls for the Legislature. Rep. George Layman (R Newberg) re-drafted the meas ure. The plan for reorganiza tion would be presented at the start of a legislative ses sion. The House must act on it in 45 days and then the Senate must act in the same period. As originally drafted the plan would go into effect if the Legislature failed to take action. The General Electric plant in Schenectady, N.Y., is the world's largest facility for producing electrical equipment. - FOR SALE OR LEASE - Adding Machines - Calculators TYPEWRITERS - DICTAPHONES "Standard-Portable-Electric" "Timemaster" Ask about our Rental Purchase Options UMrUT'C Medford Office Equipment Co. 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