MAIL TRIBUNE, Madforf, Oregon, Sunday, Marcn 22, 193 S
y. S. IFoireogp PoDky HIo
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Addttds
Preventing War Is
Diplomacy as Well
As Military Job
(Editor's note: This is an
other in lh series of topics
for discussion in the Great
Decisions program. Today's
topic is "What kind of
world is possible?" It con
cerns American foreign pol
icy regarding prevention of
an all-out war and to sur
vive the cold war with
American strength and free
"dom intact.)
A world burnt to a crisp in
nuclear warfare is" one possi
bility for the future; a world
perpetually on the brink of
' annihilation, . deadlocked . in
prolonged cold war, is anoth
er possibility.
These two prospects sug
gest that United States foreign
policy has two fundamental
aims; first, to prevent an all
out war that would destroy the
contenders, and probably the
spectators as well; second, to
survive a long cold war with
American sirengin ana iree
dom intact.
The first aim, to prevent
war, is a diplomatic as well as
a military job, most experts
agree. It involves creative
policies, maneuver, consulta
tion, negotiation, a mixture of
firmness and flexibility. It
also involves adequate mili
tary power to prevent East
West differences from degen-
' erating into total war.
. Involves Policies
The second aim, to survive
- a prolonged cold war, may
well be a job for every aspect
of American society, domestic
, as well as foreign policies. It
will involve our social and
economic policies; education,
research and civil rights as
well as trade, aid and techni
cal assistance. It will also in
volve our military policies,
Including plans for possible
limited wars.
There are many disagree-
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ments on how trie United
States can best carry out
these two fundamental objec
tives of foreign policy. Yet
certain principles are shared
by. nearly all the experts.
Among these are:
1. The power of the United
States and the effectiveness of
its policies depend, to some
degree, on. the unity of power
and purpose of the western
anti-Communist alliance.
Intense Nationalism
2. The policies of the Unit-
jed States and the Western al
liance must taKe into account,
not only the threat of commu
nism, but also the many
forces at work in the world
which have little to do with
communism among others,
intense nationalism of new
nations, the pressure of pop
ulation explosion on world re
sources, revolutionary change
in modern technology, world
wide competition for markets
and raw materials, and the
universal demand for eco
nomic growth. -
3. Policies to build the kind
of world we want will be ef
fective only if we are realis
tic about the kind of world
that is possible.
According to many critics,
postwar U.S. foreign policy
has seldom been creative or
imaginative. Such imaginative
ideas as the Truman adminis
tration's Marshall Plan or the
Eisenhower a d m inistration's
"atoms for peace" are rare.
We are more apt, these critics
say, to plod along until a cri
sis develops, and then to im
provise policies to deal with
the crisis.
Berlin Problem
The Berlin problem is a
case in point, some observers
claim. The crisis was forced
on the West by Russia's ulti
matum (later softened) de
manding the withdrawal of
Allied occupation forces from
West Berlin by May 27, and
the creation of a "free city"
in the Western sector. Since
that announcement Moscow
has proposed a series of varia
tions on its original proposal,
only adding to the uncertain
ty, in Western capitals, of the
Russian intentions.
The White House has full
bipartisan support for a firm
stand in Berlin, regardless of
Russian pressures. But many
U.S. and Allied experts be
lieve that the West should
have been more imaginative
in the past in its handling of
the Berlin problem-or of the
larger, related problems of
German reunification and Eu
ropean security.
West Berlin might, for ex
amle, have been made the
capital of, West Germany
some years ago. Or the West
might have paid more atten
tion to Polish proposals for
military "neutralization" of
Central Europe, including
Germany.
Flexibility in Crisis
The opportunity for flexi
bility in the present crisis has
also been raised. Some ex
perts suggest that the West
might temporarily forego all
German free elections, for ex
ample, and accept a confed
eration of free West and Com
munist East Germany. Or
that the West confront Russia
with some creative new pro
posal for Berlin, Germany or
Central Europe that would
allow Western diplomacy to
take the initiative.
Whatever policies are
adopted for the immediate
weeks ahead, responsible
opinion is practically unani
mous in recognizing that the
principal Western Allies
Washington, London, Paris
and West Germany-must be
firm or flexible together. The
United States may be the par
amount power in the Western
alliance, but it cannot act
alone in Berlin or any other
major cold war front.
The Berlin crisis is haunt
ed by some other fateful sha-
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dows, observers believe. A
firm Western stand on Berlin
implies a willingness to go to
war, if necessary, rather than
surrender to the Russian de
mand. This, in turn, raises the
question of whether the West
is equipped to wage a limited
war pver Germany-a war
that would not automatically
become all-out nuclear war,
engulfing the entire world.
President Eisenhower, in
his March 11 press confer
ence, seemed to rule om lim
ited war in this case. ' Thus
another question is raised
whether or not . the West is
capable of waging and sur
viving total war.
Alternatives
Alternatives of this magni
tude make it clear that stark
East-West confrontation over
Berlin may involve more
than a matter of principle
and legal rights of the Allied
occupation powers. It may be
a matter of survival.
Policies to deal, with a
problem such as Berlin must
take into- account a host of
other possible developments,
and the West's capacity to
deal with these. Thus "how
far are we willing to go?" is
translated into "how far are
we capable of going?" This
would be just as true in the
Middle East and the Taiwan
Strait as it is in Berlin.
How far we are capable of
going reduces itself to such
questions as U.S. and Allied
economic and military power
in relation to Communist
power, and Western objec
tives and commitments in the
rest of the non - Communist
world is between the indus
trialized democracies and the
underdeveloped lands. By
way of contrast the Commu
nist bloc accounts for only 6
per. cent of all world trade.
Another Aspect
Another aspect of Western
economic power which dis
turbs observers is the rela
tively faster rate of growth
of Communist economies. If
the Communist powers con
tinue to build their industries
at present rates, and if West
ern economic growth is not
speeded up, the West's lead
over-the East may vanish in
the course of a few 'decades.
On the military side the
West pins its strategy on the
p r i n c i p le of f "deterrence."
The administration, for exam
ple, has abandoned thoughts
of trying to match Commu
nist military strength man for
man or missile for missile. In
stead the United States de
pends on its power to destroy
the Communist homeland
even after we are attacked.
As the West is laid in ruins
by Russian . missiles, Western
bombers would be en route to
work equal destruction on
Communist targets.
This still leaves open to de
bate two important questions.
First, will the United .States
continue to have absolute re
taliatory power without fas
ter development of bur own
missiles, and quicker transfer
from manned bombers to
more modern weapons? Sec
ond, are we capable of any
thing but massive retaliation
-are we losing, in other
words, our capacity to fight
limited war with convention
al armies and weapons such
as we used in Korea?
Firmness Limited
- On both the economic and
the military side, the flexibil
ity or firmness of Western
policies is limited in large
measure to Western capabili
ties. Nor is the present bal
ance of power all there is to
the picture. To deal with new
crises in the future (and a
prolonged cold war will sure
ly produce new crises) the
West must lay the founda
tions now for the power it
will some day need. This, ex
perts say, applies to future
economic power and future
military power.
Finally, observers point out
that developments through
out the non-Communist world
will also affect the future
power and effectiveness of
the Western alliance. Econom
ic dependence of the indus
trialized democracies on the
underdeveloped areas is part
of the problem. Another part
is the race between growing
economic needs of the newly
developing nations and their
rapid population growth.
Many commentators also feel
that the ideeological contest
between East and West is vi
tally important.
According to this view it is
essential that the emerging
new nations of Africa and
Asia, and the struggling re
publics of Latin America,
find their future in the free,
Western-type democr acies
Otherwise the whole ideologi
cal cause of the Western pow
ers loses its meaning. If the
vast majority of the world's
peoples turn to militarism or
to communism in the years
ahead, the United States may
find itself in a kind of world
where survival of our way of
life is improbable, if not im
possible.
Centennial Dance
Set at Butte Falls
Butte Falls - A Centennial
celebration in the form of a
square dance will be held in
the Butte Falls High school
gymnasium Saturday, March
28, at 8:30 p.m. sponsored by
the Butte Falls Grange. It is
one of a number of Centen
nial Darties to be held in
Jackson county this year.
Doug Decker, Central Point,
will be master of ceremonies
He will be assisted in calling
the squares by guest callers,
including. Ray Hagemann,
Rogue River; Pete Dunster,
Grants Pass; and Jake Teows
and Danny Neill, Medford.
Prizes will be given for the
oldest authentic costume, best
dressed couple in Centennial
style, and for the best beard
Judges will be chosen at the
"square-up."
Women of the HEC will
sell hot dogs, home-made pie,
cake, coffee and soft drinks
in the cafeteria.
The affair is open to the
public, including square danc
ers and spectators. Centennial
dress is suggested, but not
necessary, according to Gen
eral Chairman Grace Wells.
Hawaii Teamsters
Union Imports
Barred as Pickets
Seattle -(UPD- Two pickets
flown from Hawaii by the
Teamsters union were barred
by a court order from pick
eting a van and storage firm
here Friday. Another firm was
still being picketed.
A Superior Court restrain
ing ordered against the picket
ing of the Smyth Van and
Storage Co. was granted on
Thursday. A one-man picket
line is still in effect at the
Martin Van lines establish
ment here.
The pickets were imDorted
from Hawaii Local 996 of the
Teamsters union. A strike in
Hawaii has closed the South
Hawaiian Van lines and the
Martin Overseas Van lines
since last Friday.
A show-cause hearing has
been scheduled !in Superior
Court here Tuesday on the
Smyth firm's petition to halt
the picketing.
Martin Van Lines has filed
unfair labor practice charees
with the national labor rela
tions board, contending the
picketing is a secondary boy
cott. . ;
Members of Teamster Lo
cal 174 of Seattle have re
spected the picket lines of the
Hawaiian local although there
is no dispute between Local
174 and the two firms.
Junior RC Make Table Decorations
Members of the Junior Red
Cross council made Easter
table decorations for members
of the Camp White domici
liary at a meeting March 17 at
the chapter house.
Schools represented includ
ed Howard, Hedrick Junior
High, Washington, Jefferson,
Roosevelt, West Side; Jackson,
Lincoln, McLoughlin and
Medford High.
Mrs. Myers Jones, Mrs.
Reese M. Alexander and Mrs.
Paul Lea were senior advisors
attending.
Maj. Gen. J. H. Hicks will
discuss Civil Defense at the
next meeting April 21.
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HONEYMOON ENDS
Montgomery, Ala. - (CPD -.
Alcie Dee Sartain, 22, ended
a week-long honeymoon Fri
day and surrendered himself
to Alabama authorities to fin
ish a 20-year armed robbery
charge. Sartain escaped from
Kilby Prison last summer and
went to California, where he
found a job and a wife. Sar
tain said he wanted to finish
his prison sentence so he
could start a new life.
Memory Gardens
MEMORIAL SERVICE PLAN
Bill Gives Governor
Moderate Authority
Salem-(DPD-The House State
and Federal Affairs commit
tee Friday approved a bill
giving authority to reorganize
state government.
The bill originally was tab
led because the committee be
lieved it gave the governor too
much power without provid
ing enough controls for the
Legislature.
Rep. George Layman (R
Newberg) re-drafted the meas
ure. The plan for reorganiza
tion would be presented at
the start of a legislative ses
sion. The House must act on it
in 45 days and then the Senate
must act in the same period.
As originally drafted the plan
would go into effect if the
Legislature failed to take action.
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