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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 24, 1958)
Assembly of Princes To Elect Sovereign Head of Vatican State Vatican City - (LTD - The forthcoming conclave of Cardinals marks the only in stance of a monarchy in which the sovereign is elected by an assembly of princes. That is what election of the pope as king of Vatican state amounts to, both In name and fact. The pope is temporal sovereign 'of Vatican City as well as spiritual head of the Roman Catholic Chdrch. The cardinals are "princes of the church." But for 1.006 years, there was another world govern ment bv the same system. That was the Holy Roman Empire, counterpart and rival of the church in a struggle of giants through most of the Middle Ages. The Holy Roman Empire, founded by Charlemagne on Christmas Day of 800 A.D. and abolished by Napoleon in 1806, included Germany, most of Italy and ,for some time France, and was considered the world government of Christiandom'in the same way as the church was its spiritual government. After the death of each em peror, his successor was elec ted by an assembly of "prince ly electors" in much the same way as a pope is elected by cardinals. The empire started with a gesture of allegiance to the Church when Charlemagne received the imperial crown from Pope Leo HI in Rome on Christmas day of the year 800. But soon the two powers came to odds, first over elec tion of popes, then, over ap pointment of bishops. Each struggled to overcome the other and unite spiritual and temporal might in one hand. For two centuries, in the Dark Ages, emperors practi cally centrolled election of popes. Pope Clement II even formally recognized the em peror's right of appointing popes in the Council of Sutri in 1046. This was eventually repeal ed in 1060 by Pope Nicholas II, who transferred the rights of electing pontiffs to the clergy and people of Rome. One century later, in 1179, Al exander III restricted elec tion powers to the College of Cardinals. The Church counterattack ed in another way. The great Pope St. Gregory VII, who re signed from 1073 to 1 0 8 5, forcefully proclaimed that the Roman Pontiff was the highest authority on earth and that all sovereigns owed him allegiance. Emperor Henry IV, ex - communicated and abandoned By his support ers, came to Italy to surrender to the pope and waited three days in the open air and snow before Gregory received him in the castle of Canossa. Henry IV won his revenge in 1081 when he conquered Rome and ousted the pope. Gregory VTI died In exile four years later. The fight between the two powers slackened in follow ing centuries, and was practi cally aver long before Napol eon abolished the Holy Ro man Empire with a stroke of the pen in 1806. Today, the Holy Roman Empire is dust and the Holy Roman Church remains. Its victory is recorded casually in every Catholic Mass book with a brief note: "Prayers for the Roman emperor-these are no longer in use." 8 A MAIL TRIBUNE. Medfenl. 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