Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989, September 29, 1958, Image 13

Historic Oregon Newspapers

Medford mail tribune., September 29, 1958, Image 13

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Newspaper Page TextIHIisteirio TJHuiniich Agreeinnieinit for Feaoe Signed 2 Name Becomes Ail-Time Symbol Of Appeasement Editor's note: Daring his recent speech to the nation on the For mosa crisis. President Eisenhower cited the Munich Agreement of 1938 in warning against appease ment of Red China. Tuesday, Sept. 39, will mark the 20th anniversary of that fruitless attempt to avert World War II. The following dis patch recounts the tragic events that led up to and followed "Munich." By JOSEPH W. GRIGG UPI Correspondent London -UPD- "This is peace in our time," cried the old man with the umbrella, wav ing a scrap of paper. "Peace," roared back the crowd jamming the sidewalks outside 10 Downing St. Then it burst into a storm of frantic cheering. The date was Sept. 30, 1938. Neville Chamberlain, Prime Minister of Britain, a "man of peace to the depths of my soul," had just flown back to London from Munich. There, only a few hours earl ier, along with Adolf Hitler of GermanyBenito Mussolini of Italy and Edouard Daladier of France, he had signed the Munich Agreement, carving up little Czechoslovakia. With him, Chamberlain also brought back a document to which he and Hitler had signed their names only that morning, pledging "the desire of our two people never to go to war with one another again." . That warm, muggy Sep tember night in 1938, Neville Chamberlain,- the "man of peace," the man who had won "peace in our time," was a national hero. Locked in War But a later year, Britain and France were locked in World War II with a Nazi Ger many which had broken ev ery pledge made to Chamber lain. The very name of Mu nich had become for all time the symbol of appeasement, defeat and sell-out. Two years later, Chamberlain, chased from office a broken and dis credited man, was dead. But on Sept 30, 1938, Bri tain felt only immense na tional relief at being rescued from the brink of the abyss. The Czechoslovak crisis had been boiling up for a year and a half-in fact, ever since Hitler grabbed Austria in the spring of 1938. Nearly 3,000,000 of Czecho slovakia's 14,700,000 popula tion were German-speaking. Most of them lived in the Sudetenland, the strip of ter ritory bordering Czechoslo vakia's frontiers with the Reich. Hitler Moved Troop Within days after the Aus trian Anschluss, the Sudeten Germans began agitating for an Anschluss of their own. To back their demands, Hitler moved troops toward the Czech border. The government of Presi dent Edouard Benes in Prague offered negotiations and concessions. But the only answer of Sudeten bosses Konrad Henlein and Karl- Herman Frank, both Nazi henchmen of Hitler, was to increase their demands. With Hitler's Army and Luftwaffe massing menacingly, tension mounted. The Chamberlain government sent Lord-Runcl 'A Very Lucky Person' Dogiriid Bergman's Story Editor's note: Eight years after she shocked tne wotia oy leaving her husband, daughter, home and Hollywood career for Roberto Ros- sellini, with wnom sne naa an illegitimate child, Ingrld Bergman acain is at a crossroads of her turbulent life. Her marriage with Italian film director Rosselllni is at an end and she waits only for legal clearance to wed a new love, millionaire Swedish theatrical pro ducer Lars Schmidt. It was while she was in wales with Schmidt ana her three chUdren by Rosselllni that British newsman Ralph Coop er visited Miss Bergman and in duced her to break her long sllene and speak frankly ' of her life from her super-strict childhood to the present. This Is tne urn or live dispatches in which Miss Bergman tells her own story. t - By RALPH COOPER Written for UPI It was on a Welsh hillside that I met Ingrid Bergman and for two weeks stayed with her and talked with her of life, and love - . . and man's inhumanity to woman. After all she has been through, and all she has had to suffer I found Ingrid could almost shrug away the last eight years by saying: "I'm a very lucky person. I have, had so much given to me in my life so much that is good that I cannot complain. "I would like to have my private life to myself, , but there does not seem to be much I can do about that . . . so," another shrug ... "I don't complain. "I am not bitter about all the stone-throwing and mud slinging. In some respects it was to be expected because so many who knew me only on the screen thought I was perfect and infallible and then were angry and disap pointed when I wasn't." People Were Shocked . 'Teople were of course shocked when you had a baby by Roberto Rossellini before you were married," I said. "Let's not be hypocritical about this . . ." said Ingrid "It's not the first time this particular mistake has been made, and I don't expect it will be the last. "I believe people should be judged by the way they act after they've made the mistake . . . that's what's important. "Perhaps time and tears change everything. "My children mean every thing to me. But sometimes a woman can be faced with a terrible decision-I was, when I had to decide whether to give up Roberto, with whom I was in love, or give up the love I wanted and needed for my daughter's sake. "I know 1 h e decision I made (to leave her husband, Dr. Peter Lindstrom) was a selfish one. -1 was sick at heart having to hurt my daughter Pia to find happi ness for myself. No decision I have ever made in my life ever gave me so much heart ache. Environment Big Factor "What you turn out to be in life depends a lot on your environment, how you were brought up. There has to be a certain amount of luck about that . . . but, perhaps not . . . perhaps you are what you make yourself. That is some thing you can sit up all night arguing about. W Carolina Counts Storm Damage Wilmington, N. C.-IUPD- North Carolina coastal resi dents faced a giant cleanup job today in the wake of Hel- ene, a hit-and-run hurricane now churning away in the North Atlantic. Helene delivered a round house blow to a wide stretch of -the Carolina ' coast Satur day, then spun back out to sea. The Washington Weath er Bureau said the storm was still dangerous and warned shipping to exercise extreme caution. In its - advisory issued at midnight (EJ.T.) the Weath er Bureau placed Helene's center at about 400 statute miles east-southeast of Nan tucket. It was reported mov ing toward the east-northeast at about 32 miles per hour. The storm was rapidly los ing hurricane characteristics, the Weather Bureau said, but h.'ghest winds were estimated at . about 110 miles an hour near the center and gale force winds extended over a radius of 350 miles. Helene's rapid passage across the Carolina coast in flicted an estimated $6,827, 0C0 damage on stores, homes, streets and utilities. It. ranged on with winds up to 135 miles an hour, but residents were warned well in advance and thef e was no loss of life. INGRID BERGMAN AND ROBERTO ROSSELLINI 'People Should Be Judged By Way They Act' Traffic, Water Take Three Lives During Week End By United Press International Traffic accidents claimed two lives and a child drowned in Oregon Sunday. In addition two week end traffic accidents -""near the southern and northern Ore gon borders claimed two lives each. Wilfred Leo Moore Jr., 2, Eagle Point, was killed when the car in which he was rid ing went over . an embank ment on the Butte Falls high way Sunday. His parents and sister,. Sandra, 3, were hos pitalized in Medford. . Barney Rivera . Jr., 31, Warm Springs, was killed in a one-car accident a mile south of Dufur. Police said Rivera was killed when the auto rolled over him after he was thrown out. Billy Palmer, 18, also Warm Springs, was hurt, and Johnny Guerin, 16, escaped injury. Drowns in Trough Michael Findley, 2, son of Mr. and Mrs. Raymond Find- ey, drowned in a drinking trough for cattle on the fam ily ranch nine miles south west of Ontario. His mother said the boy wandered away from the house about 5 p.m., and she found him floating in the three-foot deep tank, s Veotus Brown, about 32, and Walker K. Mitchell, 12, Seattle, were killed 12 miles north of Vancouver, Wash., Saturday when a car struck an embankment. Charles O. Johnson," 63, Del Rio, Calif., died in Crescent City Sunday from injuries suffered in an accident four miles south" of the Oregon border Saturday. His wife, Mary; 53, was killed outright when a pickup truck plunged off. Highway .199 into a deep canyon. Folsom Commutes Death Sentence Montgomery, Ala. (UPD Gov. James E. Folsom today commuted to life imprison ment the death sentence of a Negro scheduled to be elec trocuted Oct. 24 for robbing a white widow of $1.95 in a burglary at night, a capital crime in this state. Jimmy Wilson, 55, was con victed of taking $1.95 from Mrs. Estelle Barker during a robbery at her Marion, Ala., home in July, 1957. Trial tes timony also showed Wilson attempted to rape the elderly woman, but Wilson denied it. The case had brought pro tests to Folsom from all over the world. . During a clemency hearing Friday, Solicitor Blanchard McCleod said the death pen alty handed down by an all white jury within minutes "is fullv justified because Wil-- sen made complete and delib erate plans to rob and rape an 82-year-old woman. This is the most vicious, heinous and contemptible crime man is capable of." PROFESSOR DIES " Charlottesville,' Va. (UPD Edwin Morris Betts, 65, bio logy professor at the Univer sity of Virginia, died Satur day of a cerebral hemorrhage. Rockville Centre, N.Y. -(UPD -Brice Anderson, 68, a retired bank official, died Sunday after a heart attack. "But if you are lucky, as I have been -and in spite of everything, I still think I have been lucky you can learn from life as you go along. "I learned early that you can't take from life all the time without giving ... "Some people, even when they have suffered, do not learn. Instead the vengeance takes them and that to me is a terrible, frightening thing. "They take one little thing from the past and never let it go. 'Just wait till I get a chance-I'U pay them but' . . . The firm, the company . . . the colleagues. "Why live with all that rage bottled up inside you for so long? What is the point of it? What good does it do anybody? That is something I do not understand. "And what happens in the end . . . When that chance comes at last to 'pay off' the firm, the company or the col leagues?" "Their friends have been bored to death with the tale for years and the people they're supposed to be scor ing off they very ? often couldn't care less any 'more. Where's the satisfaction? "There are very few" things in this life, I have come to the conclusion, that are worth getting steamed up and angry about. "I don't like to get angry . . and I can't get mad and throw things . . . because I 'think people look so funny when they are angry. It all seems so childish and not the way grown-ups' should behave. "So when things upset me -and there are times when they do-I just hold myself to my room . . and then I throw myself on the bed and scream and cry." Which is how she felt the day a granite-faced VIP from Hollywood went to see her in Rome shortly after her son Roberto had been born . . before her divorce from. Dr Peter Lindstrom had been fi nalized, and while Italian cameramen were clambering round the balconies of the nursing home trying to get pictures of her in bed within hours of her son being born. Lays Down Conditions . This visitor from Holly wood told her that she could come back to Hollywood if she wanted to . . . but only on certain conditions. And he was there to present the terms: "Give up this passing infat uation," demanded the movie mogul, "never see Rossellini again; send your son to a home - he need never know who his father is." , And, added the man: "Re turn to America, apologize to your husband and to the peo ple of America over the radio for your behavior. "I pointed toward the door,' she said, and told the man "Get out!" ... "It is fortunate I was born with a sense of humor," says Ingrid, "I have been :very grateful for it-many times. If you can find something to laugh about when things are looking their blackest . . . then you can usually find it in your heart to forgive." Tomorrow: Ingrid Berg man says she believes "the capacity to love ... is the most important thing in the world." Use Tribune Want Ads Girls! Step Out of the Crowd Within you lies an attractive self waiting to make her debut. Learn the "inside" secrets. Everything in the fabulous Nancy Taylor Course is geared to helping you achieve your goal. Nancy Taylor Charm Course 40 North Riverside Phone SP 3-640S man to Prague as mediator in the hope of avoiding a con flict. Benes offered new conces sions, including virtual auto nomy for the Sudeten-every-thing they wanted, . in fact, short of handing the territory over to Nazi Germany. On Sept. 12, in a speech to the Nazi Party's annual con gress at Nuremberg, Hitler upped his demands and called for "the right of self-determination" for the Sudetens. At the same time, he ordered his general staff to prepare for "Operation Green"-the inva sion of Czechoslovakia. Now he would be satisfied with nothing short of outright an nexation of the Sudetenland. Worried and Shaken On Sept. 15 Chamberlain himself flew to Berchtesgaden on the first of three "peace" missions he was to make dur ing the Czechoslovak crisis. He returned a worried and shaken man after Hitler told him in a three-hour harangue that he was willing to risk a world war to obtain the Su detenland. Chamberlain consulted with the British cabinet and on Sept. 19 he urged Benes to surrender the predominantly German areas of the Sudeten land in exchange for "general guarantees" against unpro voked aggression. The Czechs accepted re luctantly in order to save themselves from isolation. On Sept. 22 Chamberlain flew to see Hitler again, this time at Bad Godesberg on the Rhine, to tell him Benes had agreed to give up the Sudetenland. But once again Hitler up ped the ante. He told a shocked and. an gered Chamberlain that it now was too late for the terms the Prime Minister had pressured Benes into accept ing. He demanded nothing short of immediate dzech withdrawal from the Sudeten land and completion of the handover by Oct. 1, failing which Hitler would destroy Czechoslovakia by force. Returned to London ... On Sept. 23 the Czechs mo bilized. Next day Chamber lain returned to London. France, bound by treaty to come to Czechoslovakia's aid, mobilized 500,000 men. The British government distrib uted gas masks and began digging ' air raid shelters in London's parks. With war clouds rolling up fast, Chamberlain made still another desperate attempt to save the peace. He dispatched his close ad visor, Sir Horace Wilson, to Berlin with a final 'appeal to Hitler to agree to an "orderly settlement" by an interna tional conference. That same night, Sept. 26, in a speech at Berlin's Sportpalast, Hitler delivered an ultimatum . de manding that the Sudetenland be surrendered by Oct. 1. Once this was done, he de clared, "I shall have no fur ther territorial claims in Eu rope." Roosevelt Appealed Twice in the next 24 hours, President Roosevelt appealed to Hitler to avoid war. Hitler's reply was to give orders for "Operation Green" to begin Sept. 30. The night of Sept. 27 Cham berlain broadcast a pathetic message to the British people speaking of "a quarrel in a far-away country between peoples of whom we know nothing." Next day, Mussolini urged Hitler to avoid force. As Chamberlain addressed the House of Commons on the afternoon of Sept. 28, he was brought a message announc ing that Hitler had agreed to a four-power meeting at Mu nich next day. "I shall, of course, go," Chamberlain told the wildly cheering House. On Sept. 29, Chamberlain, Hitler, Mussolini and Daladier met at the "Fuehrerhaus" in Munich. At 2 a.m. . on the morning of Sept. 30 they put their names to the Munich agreement. It provided that the Czechs should begin evacuating the Sudentenfand on Oct. 1 and that the surrender should be completed by Oct. 10. An in ternational commission was to supervise a plebiscite in the areas without an overwhelm ing German population. Without Right of Appeal Jan Masaryk, Czechoslo vakia's Foreign Minister, des cribed the agreement as "a sentence without right of. ap peal." ' . . ' MAIL TmiUHI, MeW. Ore., Mend, September If, 1f j 0 .Years figi Tnnru Later that morning Cham berlain visited Hitler again before returning to London and signed with him the doc ument pledging the desire, of both peoples "never to go to war with one another again." Six months later, Hitler in vaded Czechoslovakia and a year later the" world was plunged into the greatest con flict in its history. Even that was not the end. . China, Korea, Indo-China,v Malaya, Suez, Algeria, Cyprus hardly for a day have the guns been silent. . "Peace in our time i . Finest Major 'aJK'y. Use Any Major Gasoline '3 n Credit Gird I ai I :t til '14 On the Point S. Riverside and S. Central Open 24 Hours CHECK WW! ffor FUSEE U.OOO MAT NEXT FREE FORD OCT. 22 AND THE RAINS CAME For the second time, the entire farm of a young Hindu father was devastated. This time he lost his wife. How could he care for a sick infant daugh ter? Perhaps if he laid her by the roadside someone better able to care for her would find her. And someone did. ..a nurse from a relief organization op erated Dy one of America s re ligious f aiths JSlowly the little body became stronger. The young father was traced and helped to make a new start. When you support your faith's overseas aid Program you're helping unfortunate people to cope with disaster . . . giving them a will to live. 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