Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989, May 16, 1957, Image 4

Historic Oregon Newspapers

Medford mail tribune., May 16, 1957, Image 4

Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR

About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (May 16, 1957)

Prev Page of 26 Next Prev Issue Next Text PDF JP2 (4.2 MB) Clip/Print Image

Return to Top

Prev Page of 26 Next Prev Issue Next

Newspaper Page TextFOUR MEDFORD (OREGON) MfOBi5k.TiuBinii "varyon la Soutbern Oregon Beads Th Mali Tribune" Published Daily Except Saturday by MIDFORIJ PRINTING CO n-3a North fir St Phone -ei4l ROBERT W RUHL Editor HERB GREY Advertising- Manager CntALD LATHAM Business Manager KRIC ALLEN JR. Managing Editor KARL H ADAMS. City Editor HARRY CHIP MAM, Tale graph Editor RICHARD JEW Erf Snorts Editor OLIVE STARCHES Society Editor DALE ERICKSON Circulation Mgr. An Independent Newspaper Entered aa second claa matter at Mediord Oregon under Act of March S. 1897 SUBSCRIPTION RATES By Mail In Advance Per Copy lee Dally and Sunday On year f 15 00 Daily and Sunday Six months SAO Daily and Sunday Three moa 4.23 Sunday Only One rear $4-20 By Carrier In Advance Medford Ashland Central Point Eagle Point Jacksonville Gold Hill Phoenix Shady Cove Rogue River Talent end on motor routes Daily and Sunday One year SIS 00 Dally and Sunday One month 1-50 Carrier and Dealers 10c per coo All Terms Cash in Advance Official Paper of the City ml MesVors) Official Paper ef Jackson Connty United Press Full Leased Wire MEMBER OF AUDIT BUREAU Of CIRCULATION Advertising Representative: WEST-HOLIDAY COMPANY INC Offices in New York Chicago, d'e tre) it San Francisco Los Angeles Seattle Portland St Louis Atlanta Vnnmnver B C NATIONAL EOlTOIIAs lASSOCfA'ieN nm.mia'uini NEWSPAPEI PUBIISHEIS ASSOCIATION Flight or Time Medford and Jackson County History from the files of The Mail Tribune 10, 20, 30 and 40 years ago. 10 YEARS AGO May 16, 1947 (FridayL Robert Elder, Jackson county juvenile officer, resigns. From Arthur Perry's Ye Smudge Pot column: Chinese communists, reports say, are using cheer leaders to cause the Chinese masses to fight. Even in this country, a cheer leader can be that aggravating. 20 YEARS AGO Mar 16, 1937 (Sunday) . - First two specimens for the all-state gem and mineral exhibit are placed on display at the Jack son County Chamber of Com merce office. Members 6f Colonel Sergeant camp and auxiliary, United Span ish War Veterans, Medford, are invited to special meeting in Grants Pass. 30 YEARS AGO May 16, 1927 (Monday) Medford residents voted today on $60,000 bond issue to finance construction of a new city hall. Lem Wilson, old time Indian scout, tells Kiwanis club about early days of this area. 40 YEARS AGO May 16, 1917 (Wednesday) City council . amends water ordinance to fix rates for the food preparedness " program of the city. " . .. ' - From Local and Personal col umn: Mrs. R. L. Cook of Gold Hill is in Medford on business. What's Yoor I.Q.? Nine or ten correct ts superior; seven or eight Is excellent; five or six Is food. 1. Who was the first king to visit the U. S.: Kalakaua of Sandwich Islands or Prajadhi toak of Siam? 2. Apparatus to register the shocks and undulatory motions of earthquakes is called a baro graph, hydrograph or seismo graph? 3. Bible: Was Jeremiah a prophet in Judah or Israel? 4. D.A.V. is the abbreviated name of which veterans' organ ization? 5. Do bananas ripen best on the tree? 6. What is the English equiva lent of the French expression, "cherchez la femme"? 7. Name the author of the winter idyl, "Snow-Bound." 8. Would you find penguins at the North Pole? 9. Is it proper to use the word "numerous" interchangea bly with "many"? 10. "Expect poison from standing water." William Blake. Is this a reference to an ger, idleness, or mosquitoes? Answers: 1. Kalakaua, 1874. Prajadhiloak, 1931. 2i Seismo graph. 3. Judah. 4. Disabled American Veterans. 5. No. 6. "Look for the woman." 7. John Graenleaf Whittier. 8. No. Ant arctica. 9. No. ("Numerous" re fers lo a great number of "units.") 10. Idleness. FLYING SAUCERS AGAIN Albert, France T This peaceful community got its sec ond flving saucer scare in recent days Wednesday night when a frightened farmer spied a strange shape in a pasture, complete with bright lights, and explo sions.. The local constabulary, akrted by telephone, struggled into uniform, strapped on pistols and rushed to the scene. The "saucer" turned out to be a string of firecrackers a practical joker had tied to a fence. MAIL TRIBTJHE Editorial Correspondence . . . New York City, May 13th: Every visitor to New York should take in the show at Radio City and most of them do. Here is the perfect place to view a movie, listen to superb music and see the greatest floor show on earth, headed by the justly famous "Rockettes." We took our only relative who was born in New York and still lives here. He is a nephew still in his twenties, and true to his inheritance and environment, not inclined to indulge in enthusiasms. He admitted the "show" was "ok" but did not share his uncle's outlander transports. The movie was "Funny Face" starring Fred Astaire and Audrey Hepburn the latter one of our favorites. Not a great movie but in such a setting it is hard for any movie to be bad, and "Funny Face" was far from it. There was not as much dancing as in most of Astaire's efforts but what there was was both original and attractive, and Audrey Hepburn, to this de partment at least, is photogenically where Greta Garbo was many years ago, and a far better actress. There was a nice and relaxed love story involved, the sound and color reproduction, as always at the "Music Hall," were perfect. But the big moment to your correspondent at least was "The Glory of Easter" held over from last week; the combination of pipe organ, symphony orchestra and well trained voices, truly hit the high spots. The walk back to the hotel was a great improvement from the weather standpoint mercury down in the 50s, a slight mist, reminiscent of London, and an end to the unseasonable heat and humidity. . The nephew perhaps will be more enthusiastic two weeks hence when Sir Laurence Olivier and Marilyn Monroe appear in "The Prince and the Show Girl." The title is ok, for Olivier will be convincing as a "prince" and Miss Monroe is nothing if not a SHOW girl but that is the trouble, there is too. much "SHOWING" and too little "sense" we shall not mourn if circumstances force us to miss it. On Sunday we followed the crowd to the country, taking the 10:30 ' to Mt. Kisco and a day with the grand children some of them, the oldest being away at Boarding School. Those left, range from 8 to 14, ' two boys and a girl. There are also 3 dogs, a curvaceous Dachshund, a regal-looking black French poodle, and the latest addition, a trained "pointer," very trembly and scared in his wire enclosure, missing his pals at the. "kennel" and eager for companionship, canine and human. Quite a change from Madison and 69th, here deep in the woods of Westchester, with pheasant and quail calling, and hunting to the hounds not far away. This section of New York has changed very little in the last hundred years. There is neither smoke nor smog, no wheels of industry in sight or sound, and Guard Hill road, from which the driveway enters, isn't even paved, but is a smooth wet clay slightly changed since the American revolution, when from the "guard house" on top of the hill the minute men might have seen the smoke of battle from White Plains, then three or four hours instead of 30 minutes away. It is to be hoped that the "pointer" in a couple of weeks will be disposed to regard "Interval" as his home, where he can be assured of board and lodging, and if allowed to ramble with the other dogs as they a-hunting go. The hope is not to "point" game or to find the warm cozy kennel he came from. At any rate Westchester is a great country for children and dogs and with the dirt .roads, horses as 4 of the latter; but now only well bred "racer." There is only duo, if one is left at the barn while the other is ridden over the hill, the former pines away and partake of oats from the evening back riding alone or very little and from what we can learn only one member of the family is readily addicted that way. ("II y a tous le jours quelque dam chose.") A nearby ...married couple were guests for Sunday' dinner'' and much to your- correspondent's surprise the man' is' "ah in vestment adviser" with a Wall Street office, yet an admirer of Senator Morse, and an old time friend of Senator Dick Neuberger's. Needless to say we enjoyed talking to him, while the rest of the family, all staunch Republicans, including the "baby" tried not to listen in and succeded, except once when Tidelands Oil proved too great a temptation. We were not surprised later to find the couple were chosen because of their liberal political views, which it was assumed "Grand pappy" would enjoy. (The hostess was 100 right as USUAL!) The "broker" whose name we shall not divulge for fear he might lose some of his clients, did not dress like a liberal; he graduated from college and prepared at Groton, but he talked like one. In fact under FDR he was employed as an adviser to the state department, and was a member of the U. S. delegation to San Francisco and the forming of the United Nations, on the staff of Secretary of "State Stettinius. He is not a Democrat, registered, but not enthusiastically a Republican. He thinks that the slogan of what is best for General Motors will be best for the country if carried to its logical conclusion would destroy our free democracy, and turn the country into a sort of Big Business Oligarchy, something he does not wish for himself or for his children, That is our belief and has been for a long time. In short our aversion to the Grand Old Party can be reduced to a form of self interest, we believe that if continued in power indefinitely it would not enrich this great country but ruin it ruin it for the vast majority that is. Later: We crowed about the weather change a bit too early we fear. The skies have cleared, the sun is shining but the mercury and the humidity must be running a neck-and-neck race for the 80's. The comments of the old New Yorkers remind us of Cali fornia. Weather like this, they proclaim, in the month of May is MOST "unusual." T.V. in New York has its advantages. Instead of one channel there are 12. The pictures we have received however mostly sports have not been nearly as clear cut or the dialogue as clear, as on our set at home. However beggars can't be chosers, it is all for free. R.W.R. In the Day's News By FRANK - Life in Russia note: The Soviet finance minister has just announced that Soviet wage-earners will be REQUIR ED to contribute the Russian equivalent of three billion dol lars to the communist state this year. Officially, the money will go into a national loan but Party Chief Kruschev revealed last mnnth in a speech in Moscow jthat the investors in these so- called Russian bonds will NEV ER GET THEIR CAPITAL BACK. That is to say: The money to pay for the bonds will be taken out of the pay checks of the Russian work ers but the loan will never be paid off. THAT recalls an interesting in cident of Kruschev's speech. He explained in communist double-talk to an assemblage of Russian workers that the bonds they had already been required to buy over and above their taxes (they DO have taxes in Russia) would never be redeem ed. The workers CHEERED vo ciferously. Why did they cheer? Thursday, May 16, 1957 well. The "family" used to have two, a big "jumper" and a little one trouble with the remaining becomes too depressed to even meal, so there can be no horse JENKINS They cheered because they thought Kruschev was .telling them that while the bonds they had bought so far would never be paid off THEY WOULDN'T BE COMPELLED TO BUY ANY MORE. That was good news to them. Now they are told they'll have to go right on buying. HOW can such things happen? It's like this: In Russia, too much power is held in too few hands. WHEN EVER or WHEREVER too much power is held in too few hands too long TROUBLE FOR THE PEOPLE follows: T3 ACK now to Washington. " Congressman Carl Albert of Oklahoma where a lot of cows are owned introduced a bill which would "require the, gov ernment to buy up cow beef whenever wholesale prices dropped below 24 cents a pound. Department of agriculture of ficials (the department of agri culture is headed by straight thinking and courageous Secre tary Benson) objected strenu ously to the bill. Th'ey told the' subcommittee that is considering 'fteYlDHYfTYA HEAR THg NOON WHlSTlg, AlQW? Ifs Matter of Fact MEETING AHRAM BEY Damascus ' The present mas ter of Syria in all but name is a short, thin, round shouldered man in a shab by busi n e s s suit. The face, aged beyond his 42 years, .is almost deathly pale. The eyes, slightly red dened by some infection of the lids, are still Joseph AIsop the most impressive feature, dark, shrewdly appraising but burning with an inner fire. He speaks neither French nor English in this country usual ly an indication of fairly humble origins, and in this case a cor rect indication. , As the leader of the extreme left-wing, pro-Egyptian and Communist-linked Baath party, he frowns officially upon the old Turco-Arab courtesy titles. But his friends and followers still call him "Ahram Bey," which is the approximate equivalent of ":Sir Ahram," and he does not seem to mind. : Such then is Ahram Hourani, who has terrified Syria's con servatives and now manipulates Syria's moderates as though they were so many flannel bodied puppets in a rather bad puppet show. He has -been on several different sides in- politics. He has survived more than one coup d'etat. This winter's political trials were staged in his party's interest, and so was a recent political assassination of a pro Western Syrian officer who had taken refuge in Lebanon. ALTOGETHER, I was not sur prised,' when I met Ahram Hourani at lunch the other day, to find myself thinking that here was an extremely tough custom er The same thought had oc curred to me in similar circum stances the year before. Most other Syrian politicians sadly resemble dead fish comfortably laid out on rather expensive fish mongers slabs. But Hourani is at least alive, at least knows what he wants, at least has the guts to go after what he wants. Mixed with the ambition and the ruthlessness, moreover, one suspects that Hourani has a genuine strain of passion and conviction, however misguided. He is the master of the mob in the Damascus streets, but he is something more than a mere demagogue. This year's luncheon was in most respects a curiously exact repeat of last year's. The com pany was the same: Hourani himself, the Baathist Syrian For eign Minister Salah Bittar, the Baath theorist Michel Aflak, my generous host and myself. The meal . comprised the same de licious Arab dishes. The 'con versation ran upon the same main subject, the troubled rela tions between the Arab national ists and the Western powers. But all these similarities only served it that the plan would have re quired government purchases of up to half a billion pounds of beef last year. THEY added that the program provided by the bill would bolster prices in the short run. But in the long run, they said, it would lead to over-production and heavy government subsidies. In other words It would cram the storage warehouses to the bursting point with subsidized surplus beef and this surplus would hang over the beef markets of the future like a dark thunder cloud. Such is political farming. GLIMPSES of the future note: Houses that will fold up in the trunk compartment of your car or at least in a pint-sized trailer may become the mobile homes of tomorrow. These bal loon houses, made out of a new type plastic, will be inflated by a blower and anchored to a pre pared floor. The first model will sell for about a thousand dollars including folding furniture to go in it. " Hmmmmmi v What next? Lii By Joseph Aliep to emphasize the strongly sug gestive differences. .- LAST year, it was all "our suffering Arab brothers" in Aden, Algeria, Kuweit or any where else that was a thousand miles distant. Last year, despite the presumed dedication of Hou rani and his followers to radical social reforms, one could not per suade them to talk for a moment about the much more easily remediable, miseries of their Arab brothers in Syria. This . year, instead of fiery orations, there was serious talk, not only about the central sub ject, but also about the dozen or more connected but subsidi ary topics. What about the humiliating defeat by. the Israel is of the Egyptian Army in Sinai, for instance? Did it not mean that Nasser's brand of A a b - nationalism, consisting only of playing on old, remem bered hatreds of the West, was a poor foundation for a real Arab national revival? At first, ' Hourani and his friends did not admit the. defeat, They told, .the ..Egyptian 'propa ganda story," that this worst rout of any national Army in the last 50 years was a wise strategic withdrawal worthy of Kutuzov (to whom President Nasser has been known to compare himself). But then they began to show concern. The hard facts Uwere anxiously discussed. And so was the basic problem of giving the Arab national revival a solid social foundation. QEVERAL other topics, such J as the left-wing Arab nation alist link with the Communists, evoked the same pattern of doc trinaire assertion followed by serious talk. Above all, it was the same with the all important topic of the new American pres ence on the Middle Eastern scene. At first there was defi ance; and then there was real concern and serious questioning about the final desirability of a quite needless, all-out clash with the greatest power in the mod ern world- As Hourani and his friends are not only masters of. the masses but also leaders of ' the youth, one left the luncheon wishing the clash might some how be avoided. (C) 1957 New York Herald Tribune Inc. Request No Action On Withdrawing land Yreka The Siskiyou county board of supervisors Tuesday re quested the bureau' of land management to take no immed iate action in withdrawing 22, 000 acres in the Mt. Dome area for use as a game refuge. The board is asking that lo cal hearings be held before a decision is made. Protests to the proposed with drawal have come from resi dents of the northeastern part of the county. Among groups opposing the plan are the Duns muir Rod and Gun club, sever al Granges and ranchers. : Present lack of open, hunting area was among reasons for the opposition. Another reason given was that present agricultural losses from wild life depreda tions could be worsened if an other wildlife refuge is estab lished. Paradise Couple Are Members of Manor Mr. and Mrs. John R. Patnott, Paradise, Calif., recently be came members of the Rogue Val ley Manor in Medford. ; Patnott is a native Calif orn ian who served, as a civil service engineer for the city of Rich mond, Calif., for many years. He retired from that position about L10 years sfgo. Mrs.: Patnott, who was raised in Grand Rapids, Mich., was a school teacher in Richmond many years- They moved to Paradise, near Chico, in 1947. They have a son, George, who resides in Richmond. Mr. and Mrs. Patnott are members of the Congregational church. Split Seen Red China; By CHARLES M. McCANN United Press Correspondent There are indications that a big split has developed between Red China and Soviet Russia on the proper re lationships be tween Commu nist countries. It has been known for a long time that Wladyslaw Go mulka, the Polish Com- Charles HcCann mumst leader, has received strong and perhaps decisive support from Red China in his fight against Soviet domination. It now appears that Mao Tse- Tung has warned Soviet lead ers that they had better recog nize the right of East European countries to handle their own affairs if they want to keep out of trouble. ' Dispatches from Warsaw, the Polish capital, indicate that Go mulka regards Mao and Chinese Communications Letters to the Editor must bear the name and address ot the writer, although under certain circumstances the use of a pen name or initial for publication is permissible. The Mail Tribune reserves the right to edit all letters with a view to clarification and condensation. Letters submitted for publication must not exceed 400 words. : Stop, Look, Listen To the Editor: In regard tc our tragic train accident of a week or so ago. - We are all ready to condemn the SP. I don't think it is fair to condemn any -One. Yes, the train was going too fast, I'll agree, but do you realize that could happen to any of us? How many times 'do we all stop our cars on the tracks to wait for the lights to change at any time of the day or night? Has all the talk about safety that our Chief of Police Champ lin and the rest of our officers have been giving on TV each week gone over our heads? Have they been talking for nothing? I agree, something should be done but the tracks are there and I suppose they'll stay, but le.'s all start to educate, our selves on those tracks, and stop stopping on them to wait for the lights to change. Let's all follow the rule we were taught as youngsters: "Stop, Look and Listen," but in a safe place. Marchie Powell, 70 Louis ave., Medford, Ore. American Camels - To The Editor: The Near East monopolizes headlines almost daily. It is a speedily-changing Near East. When writer first knew it, transportation in cer tain areas was onl,' by camel. Today three days on the ships of the desert Is telescoped into. V of an hour. American know how has brought automobile highways. American - built rail roads have cut camel freights up to 96 per cent. Hinterland Arabs now can . afford dates. This writer has at times lived 3 meals a day on dates really not bad food. Though the Near East change has come from American know how, how many Americans cnow the camel group once roamed our Great West? While oh field work in paleontology, this writ er has excavated bones, teeth of the little Dawn-camels. They were about the size of a house cat. Some were ancestors to the camels of Asia, also Africa. Some had long necks and evi dently sired what were to be come the giraffes of Africa, also the llamas of the Andes. These camelids ranged from Nebraska to California's Mojave Desert. Writer's friend, the late Dr. Cockerell, believed they be came extinct in North America because of a tsetse fly. Later he found same fossil in the shales of Colorado. C. M. Goethe . Seventh and J sts. Sacramento 14, Calif, i Things You MUST Know . . . If you are faced with the responsibility of making arrangements for funeral services, here are some of the things you MUST know in order to supply the necessary information for a death certificate. Full name of the deceased Last legal residence Date, place and time of death -Sex, color or race, and citizenship Marital status at time of death. Usual occupation and in what in - dustry DAY OR Chapel Between Soviets and Aid Given Satellites Communist Premier Chou En lai as his chief supporters against any new attempt by the Russians to get Poland back under Soviet domination. Mao Congratulated Gomulka Mao sent a message of warm congratulation to Gomulka at the time of the Polish revolt last October. " It was disclosed also at that time that Mao and Chou strong ly disapproved of Russia's brut al suppression of the Hungarian revolt. Later, they half-heartedly said that Russian intervention was justified because the Hungarian revolt "was inspired by "imper ialists." But the Chinese leaders have consistently supported Gomulka, who managed to win a great measure of independence from Russian domination because unlike the Hungarians he suc ceeded in keeping anti-Russian feeling under control. Gomulka's position was ma terially strengthened last Janu ary when Chou visited Poland. Poison Sprays To the Editor: We hear so much these days of how awful the H-bomb is. An article in the Hartford Courant says nerve gas is more potent than atomic or thermonuclear bombs. The Natural Food Associates magazine says a chemical de veloped during the war and call ed a poison nerve gas, (which the German army was afraid to use because once turned loose there was no way to control it a shifting wind might blow it back onto . their own troopsX is .now tormed an insecticide and sold to farmers' to spray on -then-fields. - ' What happens to farmers' fam: ilies or neighbors across the way if the wind blows some their way? What of the health hazard resulting from the use of these poisonous sprays sprfeys so toxic or caustic that they dam age the paint on houses and automobiles? What do you suppose is the effect pn the lining of the lungs of those who are forced to breathe it? Can we afford to. risk damaging the lives or nealfh of our children or livestock by poi soning the air they breathe and the food they eat? Pedestrians walking down city streets have had their skins burned by the sprays and have required hospital and medical at tention. I have been blistered by the spray right here in this val ley and had to get medical at tention. And when we see little birds fluttering around on the ground, gasping for breath, we wonder what this is doing -to people. ; Can we say we are Christians and sit idly by and do nothing about it? Or should we let our voices be heard, like the people in California did over airplanes passing over the schools? . jr , I hope all who can, will take Natural Food Farming Journal and learn 'from these honest American doctors just what these terrible poison sprays are doing to the health of the people of our nation. Julia Grissom, Route 2, Box 657, . Central Point, Ore. DECISION FOR DEVIL New York (IB At least one person made a decision for the devil Wednesday night when evangelist Billy Graham opened his crusade at Madison Square Garden. Professional photogra pher Ben Mancuso said a Speed Graphic, a reflex camera' and a tripod were stolen from him when his attention was momen tarily diverted. Social security number Name of spouse (maiden name If wife) ' Date and place of birth War record, if any Father's name Maiden name of mother NIGHT PHONE SP Mortuary Across from the Courthouse Frank Morgan Harold Snodgrass FUNERAL DIRECTORS Last month, Polish Premier Josef Cyrankiewicz paid a visit to Peiping, the Chinese Commu nist capital. , At that time, Mao accepted an invitation from Cyrankiewicz to visit Poland in September, inci dent to a long-set visit to Mos cow. Cyrankiewicz obtained from the Chinese leaders a ' new en dorsement of Poland's bid for independence. .-'.'. Apparently as the result of Cyrankiewicz's visit to Peiping, it has now been disclosed in Warsaw that Chou made . a speech last February in which he openly condemned the Rus sian intervention in Hungary. Expected More Revolts In that speech, Chou said that Russia must expect further re volts in Communist satellite countries if -it tried to domin ate their affairs. Chou also said that Commu nist governments individually must give more freedom to their peoples: Mao and Chou are the top men in the biggest Communist ruled country in the world, Red China has 600 million people, three times the number of those in the Soviet Union. Red China was long regarded as a sort of Russian satellite. That this idea was completely incorrect became evident at the time of Josef Stalin's death. It is now recognized that Chou re gards himself as the equal, if not the superior, of any Russian as an authority on Communist doc trine. Red China Returns Japanese Prisoners Tokyo tm Six Japanese "war criminals" released by the Communist Chinese were turned over to Japanese repatriation of ficials in North China Wednes day, the Communist New China News Agency reported today. The Reds said one of the six had completed his prison sen tence while the other five were freed because of illness or good conduct in prison.: The prisoners were repatriated in Tientsin, tne agency said. i Local Student Initiated Into Scabbard, Blade Coryallis George Thomas Jones, of. Medford has, been ini tiated Into the Oregon State col lege -chapter-of Scabbard aril Blade, national military honor society. Twenty-three OSC stu dents in Army, Navy and Air Force ROTC units were chosen for membership this year. Jones a senior . majoring in business administration, is the son of. Mr.; and Mrs. (Robert E. Jones, ' 2508 Jacksonville high way, Medford. He is a 1953 grad uate of Medford High school. For Diamonds of Quality ' Try Us Our Prices - Are Down To Earth Jtwtlttt 129 S. Central MatHera. Or. 2-8030 1m.