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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 17, 1957)
s o 'Colonial' Trouble Spots World Topic of Decisions (Fdltlor'f aotr: This 1i mother In eri?t of article furnished by the general extension division, Oregon state system of higher O education, in connection with the "fireajY llerislons . . . 1957" pro- grain. Today's article discusses coistiialism around the world). As bloodshed, tcjror and gen eral strikes build tension in Al geria and other "colonial" trou ble spots around the world, ob servers warn that the American q people face in the next few weeks one of the most difficult (.-cisions in their history: Can the United States find a Oworkable compromise between, eft the one hand, its military al liance with the principal "colo nial powers of Europe, and, on the other hand, its friendship with the rising new African and Asian nations which could swing the balance in any global show iwn with Russia? Critical Area Algeria is one of those criticaf areas frequently referred to as a "colonial" problem, although few students of the area dismiss the problem so simply. Algeria is not a colony in the usual sense of the word; its four coastal de partments (or counties) are le gjilly a part of France proper. Since 1946 all Algerians, regard less of race or religion, have been Fnch citizens. However, the 8,300,000 Mos lem Algerians object to the fact that they have no greater voice in the Algerian government than do the 1.200,000 Europeans living in Algeria. Representa tion In the Paris and Algiers leg islatures, aid voting rights, are controlled to give equal voice to the two racial-religious groups rather than to all citizens on a population basis. More than 20.000 Frenchmen and Algerian rebels were killed in the past 12 months. At least three divisions of French troops. nominally assigned to NATO and the defense of Wester Eu- "Great Decisions ... 1957" topics will be discussed in three radio and television pro grams locally this week. Radio station KMED will broadcast the program at 9 p.m. today, and station KWIN. Ashland, will carry the program at 9:15 p.m. today. The program will be telecast on station KBES TV starting at 6:30 p.m. Thursday. rope, are now in Algeria trying to put down the revolt. Some of these troops are equipped with American weapons furnished to the French army under military aid provisions of the North At lantic treaty. Maintain Peace In this conflict many Ameri cans sympathize with the French government, believing France must maintain peace and order in its own backyard in or der to be an effective ally in the defense of Europe. This viewpoint was outlined in an "open letter to Americans' which appeared as a full-page advertisement in some Oregon newspapers two weeks ago. Other Americans, and most of Africa and Asia, sympathize with the Algerian revolution aries, feeling the rights of these Moslem people to self-determination and self-government must be recognized. And Washington, aided by American public opinion, must decide which viewpoint to sup port within the next few weeks. The question of Algeria is on the agenda of the UN general as sembly. The U.S. will have only three choices: to vote with France, against France or to ab stain from voting at all. Sincere Effort In a news conference last Mar4. President Dwight D. Eis enhower described U.S. attitudes toward Algeria as follows: "It remains our sincere effort in all of these aras to try to retain nendship with both sides and therefore use our good offices to bring abouta decent solution." At the same time. C. Douglas Dillon. U.S. Ambassador to France. -stated: "The four de partments of Algerfa are French territory ... the U.S. stands solidly " behind France in her srch for a liberal and equit riie scon of the problems in In the mnvths following these policy statements, the Algerian fe h worsened. Other Mos ipm nations, especially Egypt and Syria, have tepped up their a, aid to theoAlgerian nationalists. And Anglo-French military op eratic; in gypt during No-0-ember and December, 1956. are believed to have injured French (r tStestica considerably, thus aid ing the nationalist movement in Algeria. Independent Policy In the midst cf this crisis Vice President Richard M. Nix on referred in a campaign speech to a possible indpendent U. S. policy. "For the first time in history," he declared, "we have shown independence of Anglo French policies toward Asia and Africa which seemed to us to reflect the colonial tradition." Few observers believe, in early 1957, that the U.S. can operate completely indpendent of British nd France. The ques tion is rgw much of a balance can be struck between outright support and outright opposition to, for example, French policies in Algeria. The U.S. dilemma has both moral and military aspects. Morally, the U.S., which start ed out as a group of colonies itself, traditionally opposes the rule of one people over another ! election is generally considered without the express consent of :as a sap against the U.S. mili the governed. Algerian Moslems j tary government which rules the do have some say in their gov ernment, however, and the rights of the European Algerians must be protected; furthermore France has indicated it is eager to make reforms in Algeria as soon as the rebels agree to a cease-fire. But to most of the rest of the world, those African and Asian nations which have just won their own independ ence, this is not enough. Prestige Damaged If the United States votes against this large segment of world opinion, its own bargain ing power and prestige may be damaged. Russia, by contrast, faces no such dilemma; it has nothing to lose by supporting the Algerian nationalists, and much to gain by embarrassing France. On the military side, the French armed forces are con sidered essential to the defense of Europe in any future war. But three of France's NATO di visions are in Algeria holding down a revolution, instead of in France supporting Western defenses. U.S. representatives agreed to this because Algeria, as a legal part of France, is technically part of the NATO defense area. This technicality is a source of embarrassment to the United States, because French troops are using U.S. weapons against Algerian rebels. Raised in U.N. This is the second time the Algerian crisis has been raised before the UN. In September, 1955, France walked out of the general assembly and stayed out until the UN dropped Algeria from its agenda, on the grounds that it was "an internal French problem." In this second round, how ever, France appears willing to debate possibly because a UN discussion will give France an opportunity to blame the revolu tion on "interference" by Egypt and other Moslem nations. Even the former French pro tectorates of Morocco and Tu nisia have given moral and per haps finanical aid to the Alger ian revolutionaries. Normally friendly relations between France and Morocco were se verely damaged last October when French authorities inter cepted and imprisoned five Al gerian nationalist leaders who were traveling by air, over neutral water, as guests of Morocco's Sultan Mohammed V. Inside Algeria Inside Algeria itself, the po litical climate is varied. Alger ians of European origin vigor ously resist any loss of their power. Some Moslem Algerians are sympathetic to a Paris-spon sored compromise. Others insist on complete autonomy or in dependence for Algeria. The government of French Premier Guy Mollet is commit ted to a "liberal" solution: first, an unconditional cease-fire, to be followed by free elections in three months, based on "strict equality of rights regardless of origin and religion." In addi tion Paris promises economic and social reforms including land redistribution, wage in creases, expanded schools and broader access for Moslems to government jobs. The immediate challenge fac ing the U.S. delegation in the UN is how to vote on any resolu tion which might call on France to cease all military operations in Algeria and to negotiate with rebel leaders regarding the country's future political status keeping in mind both tradi tional friendship with France and public opposition to "colon ialism," supported both in the United States and among scores of African and Asian nations in the UN. OKINAWA PROBLEM j The United States has come in ; for a share of resentment as a I "colonial" power because of its ! policies on Okinawa, a U. S. mil- itary base in the Japanese island territories of the Ryukyus. Re4ations between the U. S., Okinawan farmers and the Jap anese government have been strained for some months be cause of U. S. requisitions of farm land for military air base use. Okinawan resentment ex- pressed itself most strongly last DRIVE-IN CLEANERS "YOUR CASH AND CARRY CLEANERS" O FASTEST BRIGHTER Q SERVICE CLEANING All Your Garments In Plastic Bags 2 Convenient Locations 844 S. Riverside FREE FORD See "FRONTIER DAYS" KBES - i December, when a 49-year-old : newspaperman, widely reported to be both "leftist" and "anti American," was elected mayor of the principal city of Ts'aha. Denies Charges The mayor, Kamejiro Senaga, has denied both charges, but his island. Shortly after the election, the U. S. military commander, Gen. Lyman L. Lemnitzer, announced a reduction in "our existing re quirements" for air base land. U. S. land holdings on Okinawa for military purposes amount to 21 per cent of all the arable land on the island, which is 60 miles long and nine miles wide. Okin awan farmers and civil adminis trators claim the island is al ready overcrowded and unable to feed its 600,000 population, growing at the rate of 20,000 a year. As a direct aftermath of the mayoralty election, the U. S. military administration withheld reconstruction funds from the city of Naha until it could re view the mayor's reportedly "anti-American" policies. This stopped city contracts and threw 4,000 Okinawans out of work. Other Complaints Other complaints besides the requisitioning of scarce farm land have included a charge that rents paid for these lands are too low, not even equalling the value of the crops which could have been grown there. Principal bone of contention, observers believe, is the question of the political status of the Ryukyus. The islands were oc cupied by the U. S. under the Japanese peace treaty. The U. S. recognized Japan's "residual sov ereignty" in a separate agree ment but retained the right to apply for a UN trusteeship over the islands. This application has never been made. Meanwhile the islands are ruled by a military government. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles has stated that "we in tend to exercize our rights in Okinawa as long as we consider there is danger to international peace and security in the Asian theater." Population Wish Students of the area agree that the overwhelming proportion of the Ryukyuan population wishes the islands to be returned to Ja pan. With this the Japanese gov ernment agrees. It is on this principle that the charge of "col onialism" has been made against the U. S. government. Late last month Russia inject ed itself into the Okinawan con troversy. On Jan. 23 the Russian press warned that "most serious consequences might result" if U. S. "atomic units" were based on Okinawa. This is interpreted as a warn ing to Japan that, in the event of a U. S.-Russian war, American atomic installations in a Japa nese possession would bring cn Russian retaliation against Ja pan. 'COLONIAL' DANGER SPOTS Besides Algeria and Okinawa, there are several other coun tries throughout the world where Western nations are hav ing "colonialism" troubles. Cyprus, third largest island in the Mediterranean, has been much in the headlines recently. Now governed by Britain, it has a population over 80 per cent Greek, with the remainder most ly Turkish. The Greek Cypriots are agitating for union with Greece; this is opposed by Brit ain, which wants to keep its strategic bases on Cyprus, and by Turkey, which objects to the union on the basis of possible discrimination against the island's Turkish minority. Port of Singapore Another British possession where rioting has been flaring as recently as last October is the sea and naval port of Singapore on the southern tip of the Malay peninsula. Malaya itself has been granted full dominion sta tus in the Commonwealth as of this Aug. 31, but self-govern ment has not been granted to Singapore largely because of its internal Communist threat. Out of a population of 1.100,000, some 900,000 are Chinese with close ties to Red China. Singa pore's purely advisory legisla ture contains three Communists and 10 Labor Front party mem bers out of 25 elected represent atives. Less difficulty has been heard from Belgium's large African colony, the Belgian Congo. Al- 70? West Main St. TICKETS TV Every Wednesday. 10 p.m. Throughout Discussion though the Belgian government, in paternalistic fashion, is edu cating 50 per cent of the school age children and in the course cf two generations has convert ed 40 per cent of the population to Christianity, nobody has the right to vote either white or black. U.S. Possession The United States itself, in its relationship with its possessions, has had its problems. The Philip pines have been granted their independence, but the question of statehood for Hawaii and Alaska continually bogs down in Congress. Although in the case of Hawaii statehood was talked about as long ago as 1854, neith er territory allows its citizens the right to vote, nor to elect their own governor, although they are required to pay U.S. taxes. Puerto Rico has since 1951 had a special commonwealth sta tus in relation to the United States. Puerto Rico has its own elected government, but its rep resentative has no vote in Con gress and its foreign affairs are controlled by the U.S. Puerto Rican nationalists have agitated for independence, but in 1956, the largest vote was polled by the Democratic party, which fa vors the present conynonwealth status. There has also been friction over U.S. control of the Panama canal zone, rented from the gov ernment of the Republic of Pan ama. In 1955 the United States agreed to raise its payments to Panama from $430,000 to $1, 900,000 a year. Panama had re quested $5,000,000 annually. Ancient Egyptian Formula Said Helpful Van Nuys, Calif.iU.R) Math ematicians at the Lockheed Mis sile Systems division here re cently found the formulas of astronomer Claudius Ptolemy in ancient Egypt may help modern scientists in their conquest of space. The problem concerned the scientists' need to keep in touch with missiles in flight so they can learn how they perform and how they can be improved. The specific headache was the fact that the magnetic tape system, used in recording the radio sig nals from a missile in flight, got "jammed. The sound recorded on the tape is subject to what engineers call "flutter" and "wow" or distortion when played back. They sought a mathematical for mula which could 'be used to chart a series of variations for an average. They tried a formula stem ming from a technique that Ptolemy had used to try to ex plain the puzzling variations of certain planets in relation to the stars. It worked. As a result, the missile division expects to be able to process data much more swiftly and accurately. Ptolemy, born in Greece, practiced astronomy in Alexan dria, Egypt, shortly after Christ was born. He supposed the earth to be a fixed center of the uni verse about which the sun and stars revolved. Todays scien tists know he was all wet as an astronomer, but his reputation as a sharp mathematician remains. People are talking about us AND WE LIKE IT This time of year there's always good news aplenty about the profits folks earn on their savings with us. Open your account with us and enjoy the extra income yourself! Current Dividend FIRST FEDERAL Savings & Loan Association of Medford 29 North Ivy Street R. F. Kyle, President Is That So? By Eugene Burnt Ranger-Naturalist Most land - dwelling warm blooded animals are capable of swimming should the need arise or at least of keeping at the sur face of water. Even animals as far removed from the aquatic life as rabbits, porcupines, arma dillos, and cats, will sometimes take to water of their own will and, under great compulsion, can cross small streams when pursued. Chickens, too. Most hoofed animals are strong swimmers, particularly the caribou whose hollow hair helps it float high in turbulent water. The moose cannot easily be overtaken by two paddlers in a canoe and they can travel right around seven miles an hour. Most mice and shrews are good swimmers the water shrews' toes are lined with stiff hair and when the toes are spread make excellent swim ming paddles. Moles can swim, too. along with ermine, skunk, and mink. Bats can keep themselves on the surface and some, particu larly those which pursue insects close to the water, have no dif ficulty in resuming flight after having remained some moments on the surface. Bears are able to swim for many miles without pausing. As for the polar bear, one of its popular names is "water bear." Rightly, too. Streamlined for easy swimming, this water lover has legs which are jointed so that they can be swung in a wide circle to make swimming easier. It will not hesitate to strike across the rolling sea, swimming perhaps 15 to 20 miles without stopping. Crosses Huge Streams The plodding armadillo read ily crosses huge streams such as the Mississippi. When the water way is narrow, it crosses by walking on the bottom; if too wide, it dogpaddles to the top, takes in a deep breath, puffs it self up like a balloon and buoyed by this internal life pre server, crosses the widest river despite its comparatively heavy coat of armor. The bulky hippopotamus is most agile in water. It can float on the surface at will, sink to the bottom, or submerge until only its eyes and nostrils can be seen. Even queerer, it has the rare ability to run along the bottom of rivers. Although many monkeys are good swimmers, a few like the lars gibbon are virtually in capable of swimming despite their great mobility. Placed in the water, their fur soon be comes water-logged. Gorillas and chimpanzees, too, are ex ceedingly poor swimmers if they swim at all. (Released by McClure News paper Syndicate) Free: By special arrangement with the editors of the Encyclo pedia Americana, my panel of judges will award each week to the reader who sends me the best true-life nature adventure, the best nature observation, or the best question on nature and wildlife, a complete 30-volume set of this world-famous refer ence work in a handsome Seal craft binding. Each week new submissions will be considered. Sorry, I simply can't answer your many friendly letters. Please address your letter to: Is That So! co Medford Mail Trib une, Box 575, Sausalito, Calif. New Hampshire has had a state system of education since 1647 when a general court re quired that every community of 50 or more persons must erect and maintain a school building. 3i2c O per Anr Sunday, February 17. 1957 Increase Shown in Budget For Rogue River Schools Rogue River The Rogue River school disrict budget rec ently presented to the .county rural school board shows an in crease of 522,809.82 oVer the proposed budget submitted last year, John B. Harr, superin tendent, has announced. The chief increase is in cost of instruction, he said. The maj or raise is S8.000 for two extra teachers in the high school. The expected enrollment for the present year was 160 pupils and this year's budget was planned accordingly. Emergency Money Emergency money for an ex tra teacher was awarded by the county rural board. However, no qualified teacher was avail able so an enrollment of 175 this year has been handled by the same size staff as was used last year for an enrollment of 135, Harr said. The expected rise to an enrollment of 200 next year will necessitate an ad u,.)IJiii"!J mmtmmmmmammmmm'mmsmnmmmmm " V- TO j'. t V - TPs. if',4' ."): Iky ; . niiniMif nun 1 . .1 -s. . . - ftfflfiiiiiininrii MOTHER OF JESSE JAMES Mr. and Mrs. George Lanning of 661 Wabash St., Medford, found this old photograph in a trunk they purchased recently from a local transfer company. On the back, written in pencil, are the words "Jesse James mother. 1881." Mrs. Lanning feels that it is Mrs. James since letters and other articles found in the trunk date back to that time. The photograph is postcard size and has turned yellow with age. SLtei8Bllil Ellitfri i?liPry illiliilf? j ip 35"-36" Widths in 2 to 15 yd. lengths. All regulated cottons of fast colors. ... A real value Monday only , doors open at 9:30. GIRLS' NIGHT GOWNS Vz Price Clearance SALE Gay, cute style. Sizes 12, 14. 16 Reg. $2.98 $49 NOW I Reg. $1.98 Q? now yy fj J. j. NE 1 k Medford's Bargain ditional staff member besides the one already authorized, he pointed out. The smallness of the high school classrooms is largely responsible for this sit uation, dictating the need for 10 additional sections of classes next year. Harr said 57,275 of the in crease in instruction represents salary increases on the revised salary schedule and is spread across 27 certified personnel. This brings the local salary sit uation to about the same level as the other surrounding school districts with which Rogue River competes for teachers, he pointed out. High school teaching supplies show an increase of S895, but because of increased enrollment the per pupil cost has drop ped from $26.84 last year to 525.95. Other Major Item The other major Item of in crease, Harr said, is an addi- uz lsi y riinu CREASE RESISTANT VALUES TO 79c YARD LA) $CT nj) yds. NEWBERRY Co. ti Corner Sixth MEDFORD (OREGON) MAIL TRIBUNE F1V Toasfmasfers Speed Finals Are Monday The Medford Toastmasters club will hold its annual speech v contest finals Monday nignt at the Medford hotel. Finalists are Dr. Ralph Hibbs, Cliff Ouellette, Douglas Roach and Robert Kyle Jr. The winner will represent the Medford club in the area contest March 9 in Grants Pass. Toastmaster for the contest will be Ron Cordon. George Dis tell will be topicmaster, Russ Mitchell, critic, and Ken Blair, official timer. Judges for the finals will be Dick House, Hugh Friel and Manville Heisel, past members. Reservations may be made by contacting Al Bradford. tion of 54.494.45 for operation of the plant. Of this, S3. 100 is due to salary increases for cus todians and for additional jani tor time required by the in creased enrollment and the crowded conditions which de crease custodial efficiency. The increase of $1,394.45 in supplies for operation of the plant is largely due to a 10 to 20 per cent increase in cost of supplies, the superintendent not ed. Fuel oil prices in particular have increased more than 20 per cent. The proposed budget calls for a per pupil cost for next year of $391.31 for all 12 grades. By comparison, for 1956-57 the av erage per pupil cost for three other Jackson county schools of similar size was $404.66, ranging from $393.44 to $422.57, the sup erintendent stated. William Howard Taft is the only man ever to have held the two highest offices in the Unit ed States those of President and Chief Justice. The Suez canal has no locks. It is a waterway on a sea level status. CHARLES D. HOLBROOK TAX SERVICE 122 EAST 8th ST. PHONE 2-5969 Evenings by Appointment I- One Piece Seamless Vinyl SHOWER CURTAIN (01 (0) sbpUeScri 6 ft. x 6 ft. Durable: Will not crack or fade, etc. Solid colors of blue, yellow, pink, green and white. You can always save more in a Newberry store. and Central J
