Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989, August 31, 1956, Image 4

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Medford mail tribune., August 31, 1956, Image 4

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Newspaper Page TextTOUR MEDFORD (OREGON) "IveryDody tn suu.-tern Oregon Reads Tha Mali Tribune" Published Daily Except Saturday by MEDFORD PRINTING CO. 27-29 North Fir St Phone 2-6:41 ROBERT W RUHL. Editor HERB GREY Advertising Manager GKRAI O LATHAM Business Uanagar ERIC A 1,1, FN JR. Managing Editor EARL H ADAMS. City Editor HARRY CHIP MAN Telegraph Editor RICHARD JEWETT Snorts Editor OLIVE ST ARCHER Society Editor DALE ER1CKSON Circulation Mgr. An Independent Newspaper Zntered as second class matter at Medford Oregon under Act ot March 3. 1897 SUBSCRIPTION RATES By MaU In Advance: Per Cony 10c. Daily and Sunday One year 12.00 Daily and Sunday Si months 6.50 Dally and Sunday Three mos 3.30 Sunday Only On vear $3.50 By Carrier In Advance Medford. Ashland Central Point Eagle Point. Jicksonvtlle Gold Hill. Phoenix. Shady Cove Rogue River. Talent, and on motor routes: Dally and Sunday On year $13 00 Dally and Sunday On month 1-23 Carrier and Dealers 3c per copy All Terms Cash In Advance Official Paper of the City of Medford Official Paper of Jacksun lountyj United Press Full Leased Wire MEMBER OF AUDIT BUREAU 1.. r ..,.l. WEST-HOLLIDAY COMPANY INC Offlres In New York Chicago. De troit San Francisco Los Angeles Seattle Portland St Louis Atlanta Vancouver B C NATION A I EDITORIAL vi I ASSOCpAlLQN 6 53 I J O WuillfHH.'.IHM NEWSPAPER PUBLISHERS ASSOCIATION Flight o' Time Medford and Jackson County History from the files of The Mail Tribune 10, 20, 30 and 40 years ago. 10 YEARS AGO Aug. 31. 1946 flt was Saturday) Pnhprt T.. Lytic of the Valley view district near Ahland has been named county commis sioner by the county court. From Arthur Perry's Ye Smudge Pot column: The morn ings have been crimpy the past week, causing early risers to re sume eating the well named flannel cakes. 20 YEARS AGO Aug. 31. 1936 (It was Tuesday) Building permits for tliis month leap to an all-time high for August, with a total of $63, 940. Medford chapter of the Oregon Republican club will elect offi cers tomorrow evening at a meet ing in the Hotel Medford, Presi dent Don Newbury, has an nounced. 30 YEARS AGO Aug. 31. 1926 (It was Thursday) School board votes to delay opening of high school one week, to enable growers and shippers to hold st-ident labor involved in the peak of the season. No killed deer can be trans ported through Crater Lake Na tional park, according to an edict by Superintendent C. G. Thomson. 40 YEARS AGO Aug. 31. 1916 (It was Friday) Commercial club, Business Men's association and the Great er Medford club will hold a joint meeting Thursday, Aug. 31. "We are working for a saw mill, box factory and railroad to the Blue ledge," S. S. Bullis said yesterday. What's the Answer? Can You Get 4 of the 7? Copr. 1955 Editorial Research Report 1. The so-called Hall of Fame is associated with a large uni versity: Columbia, Notre Dame. City College of N. Y.. Harvard, Stanford or New York? 2. ' Father of psychoanalysis" was Dr. Sigmund Freud: a Swiss. German, Austrian. Hun garian, Czech, Belgian or Rus sian? 3. Making the first Monday in September Labor Day was first proposed by a N. Y. carpenter, Chicago anarchist, Milwaukee Socialist. U. S. Labor Depart ment official or Texas preacher? 4. Adlai E. Stevenson studied law at Harvard. Yale, Princeton, Northwestern, Chicago. Colum bia or Illinois University? 5. Which large U. S. city was originally named Yerba Buena? 6. Author of the Acts of the Apostles was John, Matthew, Luke. Paul or Mark? 7. What Shakespeare called a hautboy is now found in res taurants, ball parks, orchestras, furniture stores or newspaper of fices? The answers: 1. New York University. 2. Austrian. 3. N. Y. carpenter. 4. Northwestern. S. San Francisco 6. Luke. 7. Or chestras (old nam for oboe). MAIL TRIBUNE No Easy Way People as people can be viewed in a number of cliff eren ways. To the politician they are votes; to the doctor they are patients ; to the grocer they are cus tomers ; to the newsman they are readers. To the sanitarian alas they can be viewed as producers of sewage. The subject is not pleasant. But no one can deny that it is important to everyone's health and welfare. TITHAT to do with raw sewage, and how to do it, is a problem which can give city councilmen gray hail's, rile up taxpayers, and give pause to engineers. Sewage can destroy swimming or boating, kill domestic animals, spread human diseases, and smell up the neighborhood. . Getting rid of it, treating it to kill germs and stop odors, is difficult and expensive, and particularly so in an area where population is shooting up and can be expected to continue doing so. REG0N as a whole has made great strides in keep ing up with this problem in recent decades. This was recognized recently when Curtis M. Everts Jr., state sanitary engineer who has been a real factor in cleaning up stream pollution in Oregon, was summoned to Washington temporarily to head a new federal program of assistance to local areas in lessen ing pollution problems. The Oregon sanitary authority has relied chiefly on persuasion in its efforts, although the law has some teeth in it which have had to be bared occasionally to obtain compliance. . But on the whole, persuasion and gentle pressure, accompanied by an understanding of the difficulties faced by local authorities in cleaning up pollution conditions, has brought marked progress. ' D UT as progress has been made, both population and industrial growth have increased. As a result, it would be fair to say that the overall picture regard ing pollution and sewage and industrial waste dispos al is in about the same relative situation that it was years ago. We've kept up, but that's about all, even though the record is better than in some other states. The federal program which Everts will initiate will doubtless bring more emphasis to possible solutions, as well as some financial help. Money aid will be limit ed, with a top allowance of $250,000, and local part icipation will be required. But it will act as a stimulus. OOW.does Jackson county stack up in the pollution and sewage disposal field? Neither too good nor too bad, according to County Sanitarian Bob Hart. Here's how it looks : Medford and Central Point are in good shape, us ing the excellent facilities of the Camp White dispos al plant. Phoenix and the South Bear Creek Sanitary district will soon join this system. Ashland has a treatment plant (using a treatment tank, a filter, and sludge beds) which was designed to serve a population of about 6,000. It is now serving more than 7,000 persons, and needs expansion to re main effective and safe. . ' Talent has a similar type of treatment plant, which is adequate at present. , Jacksonville and Eagle Point have no treatment facilities, and depend on septic tanks. Both cities, however, are in the process of working out plans for sewage treatment plants, which will have to be pres ented to their voters before long. Sewage problems in both communities are serious, and will remain so until the plants are completed. , OLD Hill has an effective treatment plant. All other communities in the county, incor porated or not,' have ' no treatment facilities, and depend wholly on septic tanks or similar arrange ments. These include Kogue River, Butte Falls, Pros pect, Ruch and Applegate. By and large, and so far, the problems presented are not serious. With in creased populations, they will however increase. Probably the worst situation is in the unincorpor ated area around Medford not served by sanitation districts. It is here that the number of people, coupled in some instances with adverse soil conditions, result in dangerous contamination problems. Future annexation to Medford may aid solution in some of the areas, but as the "fringe area" grows, so will the problem. THERE'S no "easy way out" in this situation. TVia stnto will heln. with research and enidance and the authority of the state law which can require . 1 1 ,1 1 1 11. J.? a clean-up, particularly in tne iiem or nver pollution and industrial waste disposal. Tho fprlprnl rrnvemrnent. too. has a role which congress has acknowledged, but this is largely con- i . i - -i i n - i i i - ; lined lO nmiiea unantiai neip arm muiai suaaiuu. The primary responsibility remains with the local community, and its leaders and citizens and tax payers. E.A. Risky The American Medical Association confirms what we have suspected that these "quick and easy" diet fads are risky, and should be used with caution. The AMA council on foods and nutrition warns that the so-called low-protein diets are below min imums for maintaining body structure and function. THE warning is not new. Doctors for years have fhot qtiv nmornni nf wplfrht reduction n ai iiv.u ,s.u w J "b4 v ' ' should be done under the guidance of a physician who knows the individual and his nutritional needs. Wp hnvA a feelinc. thnue-h. that the best wav to reduce is to practice the exercise described as firmly pushing oneself away from tne taoie at tne proper time three times a day. E.A. Tr!dir. Xuguif 91, IS38 fish, make rivers unfit for Diets Toll Roads, Discussed By ROGER W. BABSON Babson Park, Mass. The re cent passage of the Federal High way bill has centered a great deal of atten tion on toll roads and the numerous problems they face. During the debate on the Federal High way program, weakness be- Bocer w Batnon gan to develop in the prices of many toll road bonds. Finally, when this bill was passed, many holders of these bonds.became alarmed and sold out for fear that the pro posed new freeways would suc cessfully compete with existing toll roads. Many investors felt that the government highway program would shelve practi cally all plans for new toll roads. But I feel that too much stress has been put on the probable competitive effect of freeways. Remember that state .highway departments will control the ex penditure of funds allotted by the federal government. In the past, states have encouraged the building of toll roads. There tore, it seems quite certain that states would not lay out new freeway routes that would clear ly divert much traffic from ex isting toll roads. New Toll Roads Fear of competition from new freeways may well be only a temporary retardant in the plan ning of new toU roads. This would be true if such roads con siderably reduced travel time between heavily populated cent ers. Certainly where current studies show heavy traffic pos sibilities, it is likely that new toll roads will be built in the future. But I forecast there will be fewer offerings : of toll road bonds, so that eventually we may well see higher prices for good existing toll road issues. There is also the strong possi bility that eventually some states may take over toll roads, issuing state bonds for existing toll road bonds, thus Improving their credit position. While some states have di rectly or indirectly guaranteed interest and principal payments on toll road bonds, most issues are secured solely by revenues collected from users. Investors In The Day's When handsome gray-haired President Fisher of Johns-Man- ville and equally handsome curly-haired Governor Smith of Oregon, pilot and co-pilot on a big bulldozer, broke ground for the new J-M plant up on tne Wil liamson river yesterday, it marked the beginning of a new era in the Klamath Basin. Hitherto we have had a BOARD economy. When this nlant is finished and is fol lowed, as it will be, by others we will have a FIBER-and-board economy. The significance of that is that in the past we have looked forward with vague un easiness to' the time when our timber would all be cut and our sawmills" would move on some where else if there was a some where else to move on to. Now, thanks to this new devel opment, our timber products in dustry will be as permanent as our agriculture because it will be using a raw material that RENEWS ITSELF . PERPETU ALLY FROM THE SOIL. .. THIS new J-M plant will use lodgepole jackpine we call it here. Jackpine is the Cinder ella of the woods. To the north ern Indians it had value. They used its slim trunks as the framework for their buffalo hide lodges. Hence the name lodgepole. The early cattlemen found it moderately useful for corral fences and to some extent back in those days when barbed wire was unobtainable it could be used for drift fences. Cabins of a sort could be built of it, and so it came in handy for permanent line camps. But in the main, it has been regarded for a century as a weed tree, a pest. We've looked at it and said wishfully: "If the darned stuff could just be burned off GRASS WCfULD GROW THERE." The very name jackpine was a scornful term, in the sense that we refer to a clumsy person whose fingers aTe all thumbs as "jack-leg workman. Now it is a resource of the first order of importarice as witnessed by this new multi-million-dollar manufacturing plant that will rise, as rapidly as men and tools can put it together. . SO much for today. What of tomorrow? What will this new resource do for us over the years to come? PDR an answer to these ques tions, let us look at the South. In the South, they have a simi lar species. They call it "lob lolly" pine. Loblolly, like jack pine, GROWS FAST. It produces a crop every 35 years or so. Its FIBER is long and useful. This fast-growing loblolly pine has brought to the South nearly half the pulp and paper industry of the United States. What loblolly pine has done for the South jackpine can do Freeways by Babson should carefully check the se curity of issues offered them. Be especially cautious when buy ing bonds on projected toll roads. . Now that the federal govern ment has agreed to furnish up to 90 per cent of the cost of the construction of approved free ways, it is less likely that state legislators would promise to even partially support a new toll road. No doubt big bond houses will try to put pressure on state legislators to guarantee a por tion of the cost of toll roads. But I predict that little state support will be forthcoming, except in cases where such roads can very clearly be shown to be self-supporting. Cost A Stumbling Block Rising interest rates and a tight money supply have also caused a price decline for out standing toll road bonds. Fur thermore, these factoids ;dd heav ily to the cost of building. Ex isting toll roads were favored a few years ago with rising bond prices and easy money. Besides higher interest rates, materials and wage costs have risen 70 per cent within the past few years. In 1953 and 1954 the average cost was $980,000 a mile. Now it is claimed that the cost for most toll roads is about $1,670,000 a mile. Logically this means that much higher toll rates must be charged, adding greaUy to the competitive posi tion of freeways. Estimates in Question The continued failure of West Virginia Turnpike revenues to come up to the estimates made when the bonds were first of fered causes buyers to hesitate before committing themselves to such issues. But this and other experiences no doubt should lead to much more conservative esti mates of traffic and revenues. However, recent traffic exper iences in- West Virginia and Ohio, and with extensions of the Pennsylvania Turnpike, wiU cer tainly put a damper on new is sues for some time. But in the long run, where existing toll roads serve a real economic need at a fair level of charges, there need be no fear of bonds based on them. In the meantime, I pre dict that some bargains are like ly to develop in existing toll road Tax - exempt Revenue Bonds. (These opinions of Roger W. Babson are published in this paper every Friday.) News v Frank Jenkins for us of Southern Oregon and Far Northern California. NOT only will this Cinderella of the i Western woods pro vide us with new payrolls in fac tories such as the one for which Johns-Manville broke ground yesterday. The harvesting of it will provide year-around em ployment. The word "harvesting" is used advisedly. Because of the nature of. it; jackpine will be "harvest ed" rather then "feUed." Al ready new machines for the har vesting of this crop are taking shape in men's minds. One of them is a Gargantuan pair of shears actuated by engines mounted on crawler tractors. These huge scissors will move up to a jackpine tree and shear it off, like clipping a twig with a pruning tool. Machiness are being imagined that .will clear the trunk of branches, debark it and log off the top. The branches, the bark and the top will possibly be chewed up and blown out on the ground to serve as humus to speed the growing of a NEW crop. Jackpine will be harvested like a field of barley clear-cut in relatively long and narrow strips and a new crop seeded on the ground where the old crop has been removed. It is antici pated that by the time the plan ned rotation is completed the fields first harvested will be ready for another harvest. TV) Johns-Manville, pioneering this new resource, goes the credit that is due to all pioneers. Back of the plant for which ground was broken yesterday are more than two years of research and investigation and a whale of a lot of money. We welcome these modern pioneers to our area. Explosion Rocks British Steamship London (U.R) An explosion rocked the British liner Hima laya in the Western Mediter ranean today. The headquarters of the Penin sular and Oriental Line here said one. person was killed and about a dozen injured. The 27,955-ton passenger liner had just passed the Straits of Gibraltar on a voyage from Til bury at London to Sydney. The shipping line said the ex plosion occurred in the hold near the main storage room. The Himalaya will make an unscheduled stop at Malta late tonight or early Saturday to un load casualties in need of hos pital treatment, the company said. The liner i was on a regular passenger cruise on the Aus tralian run via the Suez Canal. Communications Letters to the Editor must bear the name and address of the writer although under certain circum stances the use ol a pen name or initial for publication Is permis sible. The &Iall Tribune reserves the right to edit all letters with an eye to clarification and condensa tion. Letters submitted for publica tion must not exceed 400 words. Modes In Clothes To the Editor: Hurrying along West Main, the thought came to me that some sort of Mexican bull-fight was scheduled. But it wasn't a matador coming toward me, just a youngish female with toreador type pedal pushers on her trim form, kinda cute. Fact is, the streets of Medford often take on a masquerade-fiesta like air. It's OK by me as it has al ways been my uninhibited phi losophy, 'specially of late years, to accept any manner of dress so long as it suits the occasion. Little wonder there was a stern and more or less mirthless way of life in Victorian days, with their inhibitions on this and that and most everything, even to a man kissing his wife on Sunday. And the female form hid from chin to heel. Sure must have been a dreary view. It was quite a shock to me one day when just a lad, my sister and a couple of cousins were seen skulking through the cow pasture for a swim in the creek. They had on some old pants and shirts of my pa and older broth er and shook their fist at me for gaping at 'em. Of course, it was obvious to me that there had to be some sort of connecting link between women's feet, that showed under the earth - sweeping skirt, and her body. But the girls seemed to have legs much the same as we boys. The name "limb," said with primly pursed lips, of the female form, had pictured in my mind something belonging to a tree. But these young males, and some r.ot so young, wearing their pink pajama-like street clothes are hard for an old tim er to adjust to. And often with their shirt tails out or all out. That was about the most awful thing that could happen to a lad in my youthful days, 'specially at school or a party. The height of that was one time in old Bap tist church, a neighbor boy all rigged in his white shirt Sunday Dest, saw something white stick ing out under- his coat. Horror stricken, he hastily started stuff ing it into his pants top. But it happened to be a part of a frilly white dress on a young female sitting next to him. She objected most fiercely. It's claimed the young fellow had to be carried out and revived at the pump. F. J. Clifford 1211 West Main st. Medford, Ore. Editorial Comment PUNISHMENT IN REVERSE Ted Williams, the great Bos ton Red Sox baseball star, re cently was fined $5,000 for spit ting at basebal writers and fans. Reprehensible as the incident was, Williams might wind up making money out of the fine. A tax-figuring friend has it doped this way: Williams as a professional baseball player, and fines are one of the hazards of that busi ness. So the fine is a business expense, and tax-deductible. Williams is in the $100,000 per year bracket, so the fine will cost him only $800 out of his own pocket. The remainder will come from Uncle Sam's hide, in that Williams' income tax will be cut by about $4,200 this year. A group of Williams' fans feel sqrry for him. They ars raising $5,000 to give him to replace the amount of the fine. This in come would be a gift, and Wil liams' would pay no tax on it. Deduct from this last $5,000 the amount Williams actually would lose from the original fine, and Williams comes up making a clear $4,200 on the whole deal. The Red Sox management probably didn't have that aspect of the situation in mind when they slapped the original fine on Boston's bad boy. Bend Bulletin. Multnomah To Ballot On Bridge Bond Issue Portland (U.PJ Multno mah county voters will be asked in the November general elec tion to pass on a $1,500,000 bond issue for revamping of the west side approaches to the Haw thorne bridge. II sssssssssssa 4& CB? 231 PORK SAUSAGE 29eIb 'Matter of MORSE SAID FIGHTER Portland, Ore. The inevitable is already happening. Among the Republican leaders here in the Northwest the word is al ready spread ing that Presi dent E i s e n hower will take the stump after all, at least to the ex tent of coming to this section osepb aisop in order to help the two Republican sena torial candidates, Douglas Mc Kay here in Oregon and Gov ernor Arthur Langlie in Wash ington. Behind this tentative plan, in turn, there is the usual story of pleas from the politicians on the spot for the aid of the Great White Father in Washington. McKay denies having entered any such plea, but it seems like ly that other Oregon Republi cans have pleaded for him, and it is pretty weU known that there have been pleas from Washington. But besides these common cries of anguish and alarm from the men on the spot there also is something more. UVEN before the Republican Li national convention, trouble in the Northwest had been re vealed to the White House by the poll patronized by . the Re publican high command. The President himself stood high in popularity. But the Oregon and Washington senate candi dates, who almost have to win if the Republicans are to or ganize the senate next year, were shown to be much less well off. A really amazing measure of ticket-splitting was indicated in Washington, favoring the Demo cratic incumbent senator, War ren Magnuson. And here in Oregon, Wayne Morse, the Re-publican-turned-Democrat whom the White House is most eager to defeat, looked to be well in the lead for the moment. No one. can tell whether Morse will retain this seeming lead, in the face of the massive effort of the newly galvanized Oregon Republican oreanization fplus the personal intervention of the President. (Although Ei senhower also intervened here, with dismal failure, in the sen ate race between Guy Cordon and Richard Neuberger,jn 1954). But if you have seen Wayne Morse in action on his home grounds, as this reporter re cently did, you cannot escape the conviction that he is a for midable fighter who will be hard to down. m TpHE occasion was a picnic of the Democratic faithful of Clackamas county, in the green shade of a fir grove by rush ing Milk creek, outside the little village of Mulino. The scene was charming. Nature had favored the place, and man had not spoiled it. Under the big trees, farm wives spread the picnic tables with a bewildering va riety of jellies and pickles, breads and heartier foods. Demo cratic elders gossiped. Children played, got too near the creek and were shouted for. County Chairman Richard Groener passed the happy word that Clackamas, once a solidly Re publican county, would have a registered majority of 2,000 Democrats at the next voting. TNTO this amiable confusion -" plunged Morse, in a hurry as usual, and looking as usual rather gaunt and professional. He was greeted with warm en thusiasm, but the temperature rose by several further degrees when Chairman Groener opened the meeting. Groener and others presented close to $1,000 collected by the Clackamas Democrats for the Morse cam paign fund. Morse replied with glowing thanks, but instantly returned the fund to Chairman Groener, instructing him to "spend it as he thinks best, for the benefit of the entire and mind you, I say entire Democratic ' ticket in Clackamas county." Then he launched into a fight ing speech for the whole party ticket, noting every local candi date almost down to dog catcher. And then, when he had suffic iently proved his fidelity to his new party, he got down to real business. DORK CHOPS were his busi ness. The pork chop issues were all he talked about. It was EAST PURE SIXTH ST. SLICED LARDr2 lbs. 29c BACON 39lb. fact By Joseph Alsop not a prepared speech, but H was fiery and effecUve. "Republican react ionaries" had denied the aged the liber alizations of the social security act which were their just due. "Republican reactionaries" had blocked the housing program so desperately needed by the poor, and so fortunately calculated, as well, to improve the condi tion of the depressed and lo cally vital lumber business. "Republican react ionaries" had denied the farmers the just reward of their long hours of toil. And against these "Repub lican reactionaries," these deep dyed enemies of the welfare of the masses, Wayne Morse prors ised to wage ferocious batUe once again, as he had in the past. It went over big. OUCH is the Morse line, just as the line of Morse's op ponent, Douglas McKay, is to charge that he is the victim of "leftist" slanders, and to ac cuse Morse of most of the crimes in the calendar, includ ing disrespect for President Ei senhower. McKay says he hat "an uphill fight" on his hands. Morse breathes confidence and so do all those around him. Both men begin campaigning before dawn their schedules usually start with a 5 a.m. call to make a bleakly early break fast meeting and both con tinue their campaigning until long after dark. As to which man is really ahead at the moment, this re porter offers no estimate, pend ing an experiment with inten sive polling on the scene. But certainly if Wayne Morse chances to be the victor here in Oregon, it will prove that President Eisenhower's new Re publicanism has not reached the grass roots. Congressional Quiz (Copynpht, 195 Congressional Quarterly) Q Current basic labor law is the Taft-Hartley Act passed in 1947. Which of the following is not a provision of that law: (a) a ban on the "closed shop" or compulsory hiring of union members; (b) requirement of a 60-day "cooling-off period" after termination of labor contracts before strikes; (c) requirement that union officials sign non Communist affidavits; (d) a tan on industry-wide collective bar gaining? A (d) a ban on Industry w i d collective bargaining. Though part of a bill that passed the House in 1948, tha provision was not In the final law. Q In December, 1955, the two largest labor organizations of the United States merged into a single unit. How many mem bers do the newly affiliated American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Or ganizations claim: (a) over 10 million; (b) over 14 million; re) over 20 million? ' A (b), 14.5 million, close to one-fourth the natioi's work ing force. Q True or False: All 48 states have enacted workers' compensa tion laws. A T rue. Mississippi be came tha 48th slat to do to in 1948. Q Can you pair some names famous in labor with the organi zations they head? (a) George Meany (b) Walter P. Reuther (c) John L. Lewis (d) David J. Mac Donald (e) Dave Beck (1) United Steelworkers of America (2) International Brotherhood of Teamsters (3) United Auto Work ers (4) AFL-CIO (5) United Mine Workers. A (aM4);"(b)-(3); (c)-(5); (d). (1): (e)-(2). Q A chief target of organized labor have been socalled "right-to-work" laws In force in 17 states. The laws' general pur pose is to: (a) outlaw strikes; (b) bar enforcement of the require ment of union membership as part of labor contracts; (c) per mit non-striking workers to pass through picket lines during strikes. A Differently framed, in general the laws are aimed at ' breaking the requirement of union membership. Q Since what year has La bor Day been an annual federal holiday: (a) 1848; (b) 1894; (c) 1932? A (b) 1894, when Congress passed a law making the first Monday in September an an nual federal holiday. All the states have followed suit. PICNIC HAMS 39e.b.