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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (March 22, 1955)
Population Migration in Scandanavian Countries Creating Social Revolution Tuesday, March 22. 1955 MEDFORD (OREGON) MAIL TRIBUNE THREE (Editor's note: This is an other in a series of articles written for The Mail Trib une by Walter Mattila. Port land newspaperman now risit ing in the Scandinavian countries.) By WALTER MATTILA Mail Tribune Special Writer Oslo, Norway (By Air Mail) Peasants in Scandinavia are moving to the cities in the great est population shift since the huje migrations to America. Since World War II 120,000 farm workers in Norway, a country of 3,375,000 people, have gone to town. So great has been the impact of this peasant march to the cities in Scandinavia that the movement is called "a second industrial revolution." This revolution is affecting both farm and town. Agriculture Mechanized Faced with a growing short age in farm labor, agriculture is being rapidly mechanized. In 10 years the number of farm tractors in Norway has increased from 4,000 to 22,000. Many of the tractors are jointly owned by cooperatives, which make it possible for one machine to serve a number of small farms. Others are owned by a new type of business enter prise among small land owners a company owning tractors, combines and other farm equip ment. Such a company con tracts for farm work. Both types of organizations receive a 30 per cent federal subsidy and may borrow up to 70 per cent of equipment cost through credit provided by law. There are 2,600 of these coop eratives and companies in Nor way today in contrast to only 55 in 1946. Sell Horses, Save - Under either of these plans the small farmer is able to sell his horse, which cost him the produce of about 2 IS acres every year. Since most of Nor way's farms are small the sav ing is considerable. In a few years Norway's horse popula tion has fallen from 208,000 to 160,000. At the same time electricity, no more costly in Norway than in the lowest-rate areas of the Northwest, has been brought to the farm. Farming in Norway as well as Sweden and Finland is be- House Committee Approves O&C Roads Washington (U.R) A 5200,000 cut in the budget estimates for construction of access roads in the O&C lands was approved yesterday by the House Appro priations Committee. The com mittee indicated it does not be lieve the action will retard the construction program. "This reduction appears war ranted," the committee added, "Since the actual costs of con structing roads ... in the revest ed lands have been running con siderably under the bureau esti mates." President Eisenhower had ask ed for 82,250,000 for Bureau of Land Management construction during the fiscal year beginning July 1. come diversified as a result of the rising price for timber. Most small farms have woodlots with marketable pine, spruce and birch. Autos Coming And the car is coming to the prospering farms. Recoid car sales, year after year since World War II, have been re ported for the better farming $276,000 Needed (or Work at Camp While Washington (U.R) The House Veterans Affairs Committee yes terday said $2,000,000 would be needed to renovate and modern ize the veterans hospital at Portland. The committee estimated that it would cost the same amount to begin a modernization pro gram at the Roseburg veterans hospital. It was suggested that a survey be made to determine the cost of a complete program. Some S276.000 would be need ed for minor work at the Camp White facility. Additional funds are also needed at Walla Walla and American Lake facilities in Washington, according to the report. The committee, which issued a report showing the needs of vet erans hospitals across the na tion, said the old VA hospitals were being neglected and esti mated that repairs and moderni zation would cost $150,000,000. The Navy requisitioned its first airplane on May 8, 1911. 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These developments have changed the backwoods char acter of the small and often poor farm. The peasant on the farm as well as in the city is being urbanized in dress and manner. Theater troupes tour the countryside from the capi tal cities everywhere in Scan dinavia. Sport, education and political clubs are sprouting among the farmers. Change in Cities The revolution in the cities has been even greater. Indus tries have extended and the vast power development in Nor way, Sweden and, to a less de gree, in Finland has led to establishment of large metallur gical and chemical operations. One aluminum plant has just been added in Norway and an other one is under construction. Three of Sweden's shipbuilding yards rank among the world's largest. Moving of the peasants to town has created serious housing shortages. One sixth of Oslo's 400,000 people live in houses built since Quisling vacated his cell. Every Scandinavian coun try, despite substantial federal credit and what amounts to sub sidy, suffers from overcrowding in town. Politics Still Stable Fortunately this revolution in farm and town has not created revolutionary politics. By a happy circumstance the farm worker and the small farm er in all Scandinavia, including Finland, belongs to the social democratic bloc. In town he now is a member of this same party, which in Norway, Swe den and Denmark controls the national assemblies and in Fin land is the largest political party, but is not, as in the other countries, a majority party. In all this great social change has the Communist party, fully alerted for exploiting every op portunity, has lost ground. Wonder-Dress! h i h 0 i ? o o o J i J A 9230 l4tt-24!4 Half-size wonder dress! Easy on the eyes, easy to slip into and sew-easiest of spring! Look at the diagram. This pattern is proportioned for shorter, fuller figures no alteration prob lems. 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