Population Migration in Scandanavian
Countries Creating Social Revolution
Tuesday, March 22. 1955
MEDFORD (OREGON) MAIL TRIBUNE THREE
(Editor's note: This is an
other in a series of articles
written for The Mail Trib
une by Walter Mattila. Port
land newspaperman now risit
ing in the Scandinavian countries.)
By WALTER MATTILA
Mail Tribune Special Writer
Oslo, Norway (By Air Mail)
Peasants in Scandinavia are
moving to the cities in the great
est population shift since the
huje migrations to America.
Since World War II 120,000
farm workers in Norway, a
country of 3,375,000 people,
have gone to town.
So great has been the impact
of this peasant march to the
cities in Scandinavia that the
movement is called "a second
industrial revolution."
This revolution is affecting
both farm and town.
Agriculture Mechanized
Faced with a growing short
age in farm labor, agriculture
is being rapidly mechanized. In
10 years the number of farm
tractors in Norway has increased
from 4,000 to 22,000.
Many of the tractors are
jointly owned by cooperatives,
which make it possible for one
machine to serve a number of
small farms. Others are owned
by a new type of business enter
prise among small land owners
a company owning tractors,
combines and other farm equip
ment. Such a company con
tracts for farm work.
Both types of organizations
receive a 30 per cent federal
subsidy and may borrow up to
70 per cent of equipment cost
through credit provided by law.
There are 2,600 of these coop
eratives and companies in Nor
way today in contrast to only
55 in 1946.
Sell Horses, Save -
Under either of these plans
the small farmer is able to sell
his horse, which cost him the
produce of about 2 IS acres
every year. Since most of Nor
way's farms are small the sav
ing is considerable. In a few
years Norway's horse popula
tion has fallen from 208,000
to 160,000.
At the same time electricity,
no more costly in Norway than
in the lowest-rate areas of the
Northwest, has been brought
to the farm.
Farming in Norway as well
as Sweden and Finland is be-
House Committee
Approves O&C Roads
Washington (U.R) A 5200,000
cut in the budget estimates for
construction of access roads in
the O&C lands was approved
yesterday by the House Appro
priations Committee. The com
mittee indicated it does not be
lieve the action will retard the
construction program.
"This reduction appears war
ranted," the committee added,
"Since the actual costs of con
structing roads ... in the revest
ed lands have been running con
siderably under the bureau esti
mates." President Eisenhower had ask
ed for 82,250,000 for Bureau of
Land Management construction
during the fiscal year beginning
July 1.
come diversified as a result of
the rising price for timber. Most
small farms have woodlots with
marketable pine, spruce and
birch.
Autos Coming
And the car is coming to the
prospering farms. Recoid car
sales, year after year since
World War II, have been re
ported for the better farming
$276,000 Needed (or
Work at Camp While
Washington (U.R) The House
Veterans Affairs Committee yes
terday said $2,000,000 would be
needed to renovate and modern
ize the veterans hospital at
Portland.
The committee estimated that
it would cost the same amount
to begin a modernization pro
gram at the Roseburg veterans
hospital. It was suggested that a
survey be made to determine
the cost of a complete program.
Some S276.000 would be need
ed for minor work at the Camp
White facility. Additional funds
are also needed at Walla Walla
and American Lake facilities in
Washington, according to the
report.
The committee, which issued a
report showing the needs of vet
erans hospitals across the na
tion, said the old VA hospitals
were being neglected and esti
mated that repairs and moderni
zation would cost $150,000,000.
The Navy requisitioned its
first airplane on May 8, 1911. It
was constructed of wood, canvas
and bamboo and capable of fly
ing at least 45 miles an hour.
n
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area of Scandinavia. As yet. ,
however, the percentage of j
farmers owning cars in Sweden, J
which leads Europe in this mai- i
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average. !
These developments have
changed the backwoods char
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farm as well as in the city is
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political clubs are sprouting
among the farmers.
Change in Cities
The revolution in the cities
has been even greater. Indus
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vast power development in Nor
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establishment of large metallur
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One aluminum plant has just
been added in Norway and an
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Three of Sweden's shipbuilding
yards rank among the world's
largest.
Moving of the peasants to
town has created serious housing
shortages. One sixth of Oslo's
400,000 people live in houses
built since Quisling vacated his
cell. Every Scandinavian coun
try, despite substantial federal
credit and what amounts to sub
sidy, suffers from overcrowding
in town.
Politics Still Stable
Fortunately this revolution in
farm and town has not created
revolutionary politics.
By a happy circumstance the
farm worker and the small farm
er in all Scandinavia, including
Finland, belongs to the social
democratic bloc. In town he
now is a member of this same
party, which in Norway, Swe
den and Denmark controls the
national assemblies and in Fin
land is the largest political
party, but is not, as in the other
countries, a majority party.
In all this great social change
has the Communist party, fully
alerted for exploiting every op
portunity, has lost ground.
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