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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (June 5, 1944)
Weather. Forecast; Fair and warm to night and Tuesday. Temp. Highest ymterdLy , , H2 Lowest this morning 44 Precipitation part 24 hre. s Thirty-ninth Year sw St' , M-5 tanks and motorized units are shown above moving through main streets of Frosinone. on highway 6. shortly after this important German communications center fell to the Eighth Army on its way to Rome. Signal Corps radio-telephoto from Italy. - . AT 5:30 P. NL TO HAIL ROME FALL Washington, June 5 (U.PJ President Roosevelt will pro claim the fall of Rome to the na tion and the world tonight in a ,15-minute fireside chat expected to remind the Axis satellites, per haps for the last time, that they must get out of the war now or -U ...... tVia nortnln Huctl-lirtlnn oiiaic me i.wt " " - - awaiting Germany. He will speak from S:30 to B:4S p. m., PWT. The address will be broadcast by all major networks and shortwaved to Eu rope and the rest of the world. A White House announcement, nvlno slmnlv that the chief ex ecutive would speak on the fall of Rome, came as members of congress and other high officials hailed the fall of the first Axis capital to Allied armies aiming at Berlin. Mr. Roosevelt was expected to take occasion In his address to express his gratification for pres ervation of Rome's historic and vAllalnita ehrinpa nrt4 tn reassure Pope Pius XII that the Allies would observe the sovereignty and sanctity of the Vatican. Some quarters believed that the president would appeal strongly to the Nazi satellites to get out of the war while it was still possible. LT. COL. JONES DIES Ft. Douglas, Utah, June 5. (U.PJ Lt. Col. Daniel F. Jones, 88, director of the army special ized training division of the ninth service command, died at the post hospital here yesterday of a kidney . ailment, the com k mand public relations office dis closed today. SIDE GLANCES By TRIBUNE REPORTERS Leonard Mayfield getting a big laugh from the high school graduation audience when a loud crash reverberated through the hall just after he disappear ed off-stage with a table load of silver cups. Fred Morris "OS'ing" by and reporting "no news today." Senator Earl Ncwbry mount ing his trusty steed and proceed ing down the sond singing "I'm an Old Cowhand." Rome, First Axis Capital to Fall, Scene By United Press War is an old story to Rome, once the greatest power in the world and now the first Axis capital to fall to the armies of the United Nations. Battles swirled around Rome for eenturies, but she survived them all "The Entcrnnl City!" The bursting of the Nazi shackles on Rome recalled the time 1.533 years ago when oth er Germans conquered the city. The Visigoths under Alaric sacked Rome in 410 A. D., and the Vandals under Gaiseric captured and looted the city in 455. Bombed Last July The modern Romans got their first taste of the second world war last July when some 500 American bombers dropped 1,101 tons of explosives on mili tary targets within the city. The first direct blow at Nazi mili tary might In Rome fore ahadowed the fall of the city to the Allies. Medford United Press Vatican City Undamaged by Bombing of Railroad Yards By Eleanor Packard United Press Staff Correspondent Vatican City, June 5. (U.PJ Vatican City has not been dam aged in any way by the extensive bombing that the allies have delivered to railroad yards in Rome. LEGION LEADERS WOULD KEEP ALL JAPS OFF COAST Portland, Ore., June 5 (U.R) The executive committee of the Oregon department of the American Legion, concluding a two-day session h?re over the weekend, today recommended that no Japanese, including American born, be returned to this area until the end of hostili ties. The committee thus reaffirm ed previous action on the sub ject. Representatives from the four northwest states and Alaska who attended the conference gave thorough study to rehabili tation plans. The committee adopted a resolution introduced by State Senator Tom Mahoney, legion department judge advocate, urg ing Gov. Earl Snell to call a special session of the legislature to amend existing statutes to permit Oregon men and women in the armed services to vote in the coming election. y Ft. Douglas, Utah, June ' (U.PJ The ninth service com mand confirmed today that mili tary personnel at Camp Abbot, at Bend, Ore., was being trans ferred to Ft. Lewis, Wash., to become part of the army service forces training center personnel at Ft. Lewis. No exact date for the transfer was given. The command said that the future status of Camp Abbott was not knownand that future use of the facilities there would be determined by the war department in Washington. The city, destined to become the world capital of Catholic Ism, was founded about 750 B. C. by Jupitcr-worshinning set tlers from north of the Tiber, apparently shepherd and agri cultural peoples of the "Italic" branch of the Indo-European race. Origin Obscure Its actual origin is obscured by Roman mythology, which re lates that Rome was founded by Romulus, son of Mars, the God of War, and the vestal vir gin, Silvia. The legend has it that Romulus and his twin brother, Remus, were suckled by a she-wolf and that Romulus returned later to found the city which bears his name. Rome suffered the first of her many invasions at the hands of the Etruscans, who ruled her for the latter half of the 6th century, B. C, but it is not known whether those monarchs seized the city by force or by political means. Near the end Full Leased Win ;A-:t2m& L5 IP I I' I II II II I 1 1 s II I V' f Sll B assail, fl lVe.l That fact was confirmed to- day by Harold Tittmann, U. S. envoy to the Vatican, wno gave me an interview aftr I had made my way into Vatican City territory. Tittmann said he understood that the German and Japanese ambassadors to the Holy See planned to remain in Vatican City. Vatican City, June 5(U.R Pope Pius, specking from the central balcony of St Peter's cathedral this evening, said Rome "today has new hope and confidence in her safety." The attitude of the Pope to ward allied occupation forces will be the same as it was to ward German forces, Tittmann said strict neutrality. "The pope is always willing to work for peace," Tittmann said, "but I doubt that the fall of Rome will necessarily cause him to make any special demar che at the present time. The at titude of the pope is one of strict neutrality. During the German occupation of Rome, uniformed Germans were not permitted to go beyond the gates guarded by the Swiss guards. Nor are uniformed Americans going to be permitted to do so." Rome Restoration Promised by Duce In Proclamation London, June 5 (U.P.) Benito Mussolini, speaking from the safety of an unrevealed hideout in northern Italy, admitted to day that the Allied occupation of Rome was a "painful" mile stone in his carper, but promised the Italian people that "measures will be taken" to restore the one time capital of his fallen Fascist empire. The German DNB News Agen cy said Mussolini issued a proc lamation to his 'brothers in southern Italy," calling upon them to wage guerrilla warfare against the Allies and to "make life for the invaders increasingly hard and insecure." 'The Anglo-American Invad ers, to whom the mean betrayal of the monarchy in Sicily and Salerno opened the gates of the motherland, have entered Rome," II Duce s proclamation said. of that century, however, the Etruscans were ejected and a republic established. Yankee and allied occupying forces may well gaze with awe on the remains of the old Ros tra, the scene of Rome's legisla tive struggles from the time of the "twelve tables" in the 5th century before Christ until the time of Caesar. It is the birth place of modern democracy. Survives Barbarians After the ejection of the Etruscans, the republican gov ernment which was formed in cluded magistrates elected an nually, an advisory senate of nobles, and a popular assembly. This government survived an attack by barbarian Celts who came from Gaul to sack the city. While the barbarians cele brated their victory with three clays of feasting, remnants of the Roman army fortified the capital. It remained Impregna ble, and after looting and burn ing the rest oi the city the MEDFORD, OREGON, MONDAY, JUNE 5, 1944. a w -c tr . ft ji--b k si. m m a .ssssssa h ra i ijt i . .'4ai a. m INSURANCE HELD SUBJECT TO U. S. T Supreme Court Upsets Past Rulings to Find Govern ment Prosecution Legal. Washington, June 5 (U.R) The sunreme court, upsetting oast judicial rulings, held today that insurance constitutes busi ness in interstate commerce and that federal anti-trust laws there fore mav be applied to insurance companies. The long-awaited verdict rein stated the federal government's criminal anti-trust proceedings against 196 stock fire Insurance comoanies, operating in six southeastern states, on charges of combining to fix premium rates and monopolize trade. The suit previously had been dis missed by the northern Georgia federal district court. Suit Contested The suit was contested both by the insurance companies and by many states, which contended that regulation of insurance al ways had been left to "the states In the pa3t and should continue to be. The federal government contended that insurance clearly was business in interstate com merce and therefore was subject to the anti-trust laws. Justice Hugo L. Black deliv ered the high court's majority opinion in a 4 to 3 split. Justices Frank Murnhy, William O. Doug las and Wiley Rutledge agreed with him. Chief Justice Harlan F. Stone delivered a dissenting opinion In which Justice Felix Frankfur ter concurred. Justice Robert H. Jackson dissented in part. Jus tices Stanley F. Reed and Owen J. Roberts did not participate. London, June 5 (U.R) Up to 1250 American heavy bombers and fighters raked the French in vasion coast with bombs and gun fire today, carrying forward the bombardment that in four days and nights had rained more than 13,000 tons of explosives across Germany's west wall fortifica tions. The mighty aerial barrage ap peared to be swelling swiftiy toward the crescendo that Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower told American airmen he would re quire to accompany his invasion armies into the continent. Giuls withdrew. Rome was quickly rebuilt by the Republic and the city set out on its ca reer of conquering or forming alliances with other city-states. By 264 B. C, Rome had become the mistress of all Italy. She then launched into an age of war and conquest which ended with her becoming the dominant power of the then known wn Id. Her most power ful rival, Carthage, had first to be overcome an achievement which took 119 years to accom plish. The first, second and third Punic wars ended by 146 B. C, with the complete destruction of Carthage. The wars had not been waged, however, without great peril to the Eternal City. Hannibal, the greatest of the Carthaginions, came near con quering the peninsula in the second Punic war, and it was only his defeat by Sciplo at Zama that saved Rome. Without Rival Macedonia, too, which bad U.S. SUBMARINES GET 16 MORE JAP SUPPLYVESSELS Big Transport, Cargo Vessel and Seven Medium Ships Among Latest Sinkings. Washington, June 5 (U.PJ U. S. submarines, maintaining their war of attrition against the weakening Japanese supply lines, have sunk 16 more enemy ships, including one large trans port, one large cargo vessel and seven medium cargo vessels, the navy announced today. A communique said that the other ships sunk were two small cargo vessels, four medium cargo transports and one small cargo transport. Navy announcements during the past five weoks have told of sinking of 43 Japanese ships, in dicating that U. S. submersibles are accounting for an average of better than a ship a day. By United Press The Japanese, were pushed back by allied troops on two Pacific battlefronts today on Biak Island in Dutch New Guin ea and along the Salween front In China ind allied aerial forces continued the steady of fensive on widespread enemy bases from New Guinea and the Carolines to the Northern Kurile Islands. American troops, after break ing through fierce Japanese re sistance, were moving steadily along Mokmer ridge in the drive toward the important Mokmer airdrome, on Biak, less than 900 miles south of the Philippines. Planes Help Allied planes closely support ed the ground operations and the troops were reported advancing slowly over difficult terrain north of Bosnck and Mandom. In the fighting in Asia, Chinese troops crossed the Shweli river in western Yunnan province and drove within 12 miles of the Japanese stronghold of Teng chung of the old Burma road. The Chinese cut the main Jap anese supply lines north of Teng chung and were closing In for a direct attack on the city, already being assulted by American planes. Bombers from the south Pacific carried the weight of the aerial offensive to strike heavy blows along the northern New Guinea coast, where 24 Japanese plpnes were destroyed, together with probably six others, and on Truk in the Carolines, which was hit twice in two days. allied itself with Hannibal, was conquered between the second and third Punic wars, and Rome found herself at last with out a rival for world power. In the following century she con tinued to develop, producing such leaders as Pompey, Cicero, Gracchus, Marius, and Sulla. In 31 B. C, the Emperor Au gustus inaugurated the 200-year golden age for Rome The Pax Romana during which the city made its greatest imprint on history. Even before then, however, some of the buildings, highways and aqueducts for which the city is famous had been built. Appius Claudius, who built the city's first aqueduct in 312 B.C., also gave Rome its first mili tary highway, the Via Appria or Appian Way. It was the be ginning of the axiom "all roads lead to Rome." The Colosseum, perhaps the best known of the ancient ruins, was started vy Vespasian in 69 B. C TRIFLTNE Unlltd Press- An Italian youngster presents bouquet of flowers to wearv Yank whose tank is halted at outskirts of Rome as Allied armies waited three hours for enemy troops to withdraw in accordance with their own avowal of Rome as an open city. Signal Corps radio-telephoto from Italy. Benito's Balcony Now Bears Signs Hailing Allied Nations' Leaders Rome, June 8. (U.R) The Venice palace balcony from which Benito Mussolini used to rant against the democracies and com munism today was plastered with signs saying "Long live Roose velt, Churchill, Stalin! Long live Democracy! Long live Soviet Russia." LT. KILLED IN ITALY Second Lt. Ben Dietrich, 26, co-pilot of an army bomber, was killed In the crash of his plane In Italy May 20, according to a wire received from the war de partment Saturday by his moth er, Mrs. 'Peter Dietrich, 939 North Central avenue. The pilot had been in Italy since early In December. Survivors, tn addition to his mother, are two brothers, also in service, Cpl. Robert Dietrich with the air corps at Columbus, O., and Cpl. Merle Dietrich, sta tioned with a medical unit at Camp Butner, N. C. The young man's father, Peter Dietrich, died here December 29. Lt. Dietrich was borri In Plentywood, Mont., and came to Medford with his parents In 1920. He is a graduate of Med ford senior high school. Mrs. Dietrich has gone to Trail to spend several days with friends. of War The decline of the Roman Empire began with the admin istration of Commodus In 180 A. D. Commodus was followed by a long line of 33 emperors, most of whom died by violence, but evidences of decay extend ed down through the masses, grown weak and dissolute by the conquered riches of the world. The swarming hordes of bar barians in what Is now Ger many and the Balkans pressed relentlessly against the fron tiers of the empire. The policy inaugurated by Augustus of settling barbarians within the frontiers was continued by oth er emperors. The beginning of the end was In sight for Rome by the fourth century. The Visigoths, whom Alaric led Into Italy, had been settled south of the Danube as allies of the empire, but they wanted land of their own. Alaric marched with his troops to besiege Rome and when bis staled Wit The signs betoken one of the greatest political somersaults in history, performed by Rome to day when suddenly all the Ger mans and fascists disappeared, and everything became Ameri can, British, and democratic outwardly, at least. Instead of fascists parading the streets, giving out party trained cheers, and carrying party-worded posters, 1,000,000 persons swarmed the streets of Rome cheering the Americans, .British and French. INVITE ALL INTERESTED TO HEAR YMCA SPEAKER Everyone In Medford and vi cinity interested in youth prob lems Is urged to hear Robert D. Clarke of the University of Ore gon, outstanding authority on the subject, speak at the Y. M. C. A. meeting in the former West Main USO, Masonic build ing, Tuesday at 8 p. m., it was announced today by Dr. Bert El liott, chairman of the committee in charge. The meeting here tomorrow night celebrates the founding of a local Y. M. C. A. chapter, and the 100th anniversary of the in ternational organization. Eureka, capital of the Red wood Empire, is the most west erly city in the United States. Through Ages demands were refused, he sacked the city. Alaric, who conquered the city In 410, died shortly thereafter. Two years later his successor, Ataulf, led the Visigoths to Gaul to find the lands Alaric had sought in Italy. Attila DefeMed Given a breathing spell, the Romans tried in vain to fore stall the destruction of the em pire. Attila the Hun came near conquering the peninsula In 451, but was defeated. In 455 the vandals under Gaiseric, who had already severed North Af rica from the empire, attacked Rome. The city fell and for the next 20 years its actual ruler was Ricimcr, , the Suebe, al though he placed, puppet em perors on the throne. At last all pretense was abandoned and Odoacer the Rugian, a barbar ian, became king of Italy. The 2.000-ycar history of the Christian church revolves largely around Rome, its head Us Th MAIL TRIBUNE Want Ad Way Quick Results '" ' At Small Cost NO. 63. THOUSANDS LINE AVENUES WHILE Entrance Not Without Shot; Citizens in Night Clothes Throw Flowers. Naples, June 5 (U.R) King Victor Emmanuel formally has signed over his royal powers to his son, Humbert, as lieutenant-general of the Tealm, it was announced of ficially tonight. The king, however, has not yet abdi cated. By United Press German forces were in such rapid retreat north of liberated Rome toduy that units of the Allied Fifth army which crossed the Tiber in pursuit were unable to keep up with them. , All along the front from the Tiber estuary to the mountains below Avezzano a battle of an nihilation was developing. Gen. Mark W. Clark, commander of the Fifth army, saidt "We have smashej parts oi two . German armies (the 10th and I4th). taken 20.000 prison ers, and wrecked great stores ef German material." . The fleeing German columns were under heavy attack by the air force, which smashed 1350 vehicles in two days. Rome was a scene of wild re jolcing. United States army trucks began pouring food and supplies into the city. The vi ler supply and electric system were functioning and gas serv ice wes expected to be restored tonight. By James E. Roper United Press Correspondent Rome, June 5 (U.PJ Ameri can trucks and tanks rumbled through streets lined with thou sands of cheering and flower tossing Romans today, one col umn passing in front of the Venice Palace where Benito Mussolini declared war upon the United States. The Italian flag flew from the balcony of Venice Palace where the erstwhile Fascist dic tator used to harangue his fol lowers. All the palace window were closed. Flowers For Yanks When I reached the heart o Rome at 5:30 a. m., Italians, many in night clothes, stood In already long lines along the streets, throwing flowers at the Americans passing by. By mid-morning it was Im possible to drive a jeep through the streets of downtown Roms which were jammed with count less thousands of Italians. (Also soe story on Page 8) quarters through the centuries. The Popes survived through the Middle Ages when Italy was divided into dozens of tiny city states or feudal baronies. They ruled the city of Rome until 1870, with the exception of the) short-lived republic set up by Giuseppe Garbaldl in 1849. The Pope was restored to the Vati can by Louis Napoleon of France, and Garibaldi's young republic was dissolved. On Sept. 20, 1870, Italian troops again besieged and cap tured the city. The people of Rome voted 134,000 to 1, 500 to join the Italian kingdom, with Rome as Its capital. The Pope retired to the Vatican, regard ing himself as a prisoner, and his successors did likewise un til the Lateran treaty of 1929, when the Italian government of Benito Mussolini recognized Vatican City as an independent state.
