Weather.
Forecast; Fair and warm to
night and Tuesday. Temp.
Highest ymterdLy , , H2
Lowest this morning 44
Precipitation part 24 hre. s
Thirty-ninth Year
sw St' ,
M-5 tanks and motorized units are shown above moving through main streets of Frosinone. on
highway 6. shortly after this important German communications center fell to the Eighth Army
on its way to Rome. Signal Corps radio-telephoto from Italy. - .
AT 5:30 P. NL TO
HAIL ROME FALL
Washington, June 5 (U.PJ
President Roosevelt will pro
claim the fall of Rome to the na
tion and the world tonight in a
,15-minute fireside chat expected
to remind the Axis satellites, per
haps for the last time, that they
must get out of the war now or
-U ...... tVia nortnln Huctl-lirtlnn
oiiaic me i.wt " " - -
awaiting Germany.
He will speak from S:30 to
B:4S p. m., PWT. The address
will be broadcast by all major
networks and shortwaved to Eu
rope and the rest of the world.
A White House announcement,
nvlno slmnlv that the chief ex
ecutive would speak on the fall
of Rome, came as members of
congress and other high officials
hailed the fall of the first Axis
capital to Allied armies aiming
at Berlin.
Mr. Roosevelt was expected to
take occasion In his address to
express his gratification for pres
ervation of Rome's historic and
vAllalnita ehrinpa nrt4 tn reassure
Pope Pius XII that the Allies
would observe the sovereignty
and sanctity of the Vatican.
Some quarters believed that
the president would appeal
strongly to the Nazi satellites to
get out of the war while it was
still possible.
LT. COL. JONES DIES
Ft. Douglas, Utah, June 5.
(U.PJ Lt. Col. Daniel F. Jones,
88, director of the army special
ized training division of the
ninth service command, died at
the post hospital here yesterday
of a kidney . ailment, the com
k mand public relations office dis
closed today.
SIDE GLANCES
By
TRIBUNE REPORTERS
Leonard Mayfield getting a
big laugh from the high school
graduation audience when a
loud crash reverberated through
the hall just after he disappear
ed off-stage with a table load
of silver cups.
Fred Morris "OS'ing" by and
reporting "no news today."
Senator Earl Ncwbry mount
ing his trusty steed and proceed
ing down the sond singing "I'm
an Old Cowhand."
Rome, First Axis Capital to Fall, Scene
By United Press
War is an old story to Rome,
once the greatest power in the
world and now the first Axis
capital to fall to the armies of
the United Nations.
Battles swirled around Rome
for eenturies, but she survived
them all "The Entcrnnl City!"
The bursting of the Nazi
shackles on Rome recalled the
time 1.533 years ago when oth
er Germans conquered the city.
The Visigoths under Alaric
sacked Rome in 410 A. D., and
the Vandals under Gaiseric
captured and looted the city in
455.
Bombed Last July
The modern Romans got their
first taste of the second world
war last July when some 500
American bombers dropped
1,101 tons of explosives on mili
tary targets within the city. The
first direct blow at Nazi mili
tary might In Rome fore
ahadowed the fall of the city to
the Allies.
Medford
United Press
Vatican City Undamaged by
Bombing of Railroad Yards
By Eleanor Packard
United Press Staff Correspondent
Vatican City, June 5. (U.PJ Vatican City has not been dam
aged in any way by the extensive bombing that the allies have
delivered to railroad yards in Rome.
LEGION LEADERS
WOULD KEEP ALL
JAPS OFF COAST
Portland, Ore., June 5 (U.R)
The executive committee of
the Oregon department of the
American Legion, concluding a
two-day session h?re over the
weekend, today recommended
that no Japanese, including
American born, be returned to
this area until the end of hostili
ties. The committee thus reaffirm
ed previous action on the sub
ject. Representatives from the four
northwest states and Alaska
who attended the conference
gave thorough study to rehabili
tation plans.
The committee adopted a
resolution introduced by State
Senator Tom Mahoney, legion
department judge advocate, urg
ing Gov. Earl Snell to call a
special session of the legislature
to amend existing statutes to
permit Oregon men and women
in the armed services to vote in
the coming election.
y
Ft. Douglas, Utah, June '
(U.PJ The ninth service com
mand confirmed today that mili
tary personnel at Camp Abbot,
at Bend, Ore., was being trans
ferred to Ft. Lewis, Wash., to
become part of the army service
forces training center personnel
at Ft. Lewis.
No exact date for the transfer
was given. The command said
that the future status of Camp
Abbott was not knownand that
future use of the facilities there
would be determined by the war
department in Washington.
The city, destined to become
the world capital of Catholic
Ism, was founded about 750 B.
C. by Jupitcr-worshinning set
tlers from north of the Tiber,
apparently shepherd and agri
cultural peoples of the "Italic"
branch of the Indo-European
race.
Origin Obscure
Its actual origin is obscured
by Roman mythology, which re
lates that Rome was founded
by Romulus, son of Mars, the
God of War, and the vestal vir
gin, Silvia. The legend has it
that Romulus and his twin
brother, Remus, were suckled
by a she-wolf and that Romulus
returned later to found the city
which bears his name.
Rome suffered the first of her
many invasions at the hands of
the Etruscans, who ruled her
for the latter half of the 6th
century, B. C, but it is not
known whether those monarchs
seized the city by force or by
political means. Near the end
Full Leased Win
;A-:t2m& L5 IP I I' I II II II I 1 1 s II I V' f Sll B assail, fl lVe.l
That fact was confirmed to-
day by Harold Tittmann, U. S.
envoy to the Vatican, wno gave
me an interview aftr I had
made my way into Vatican City
territory.
Tittmann said he understood
that the German and Japanese
ambassadors to the Holy See
planned to remain in Vatican
City.
Vatican City, June 5(U.R
Pope Pius, specking from
the central balcony of St
Peter's cathedral this evening,
said Rome "today has new
hope and confidence in her
safety."
The attitude of the Pope to
ward allied occupation forces
will be the same as it was to
ward German forces, Tittmann
said strict neutrality.
"The pope is always willing
to work for peace," Tittmann
said, "but I doubt that the fall
of Rome will necessarily cause
him to make any special demar
che at the present time. The at
titude of the pope is one of
strict neutrality. During the
German occupation of Rome,
uniformed Germans were not
permitted to go beyond the gates
guarded by the Swiss guards.
Nor are uniformed Americans
going to be permitted to do so."
Rome Restoration
Promised by Duce
In Proclamation
London, June 5 (U.P.) Benito
Mussolini, speaking from the
safety of an unrevealed hideout
in northern Italy, admitted to
day that the Allied occupation
of Rome was a "painful" mile
stone in his carper, but promised
the Italian people that "measures
will be taken" to restore the one
time capital of his fallen Fascist
empire.
The German DNB News Agen
cy said Mussolini issued a proc
lamation to his 'brothers in
southern Italy," calling upon
them to wage guerrilla warfare
against the Allies and to "make
life for the invaders increasingly
hard and insecure."
'The Anglo-American Invad
ers, to whom the mean betrayal
of the monarchy in Sicily and
Salerno opened the gates of the
motherland, have entered Rome,"
II Duce s proclamation said.
of that century, however, the
Etruscans were ejected and a
republic established.
Yankee and allied occupying
forces may well gaze with awe
on the remains of the old Ros
tra, the scene of Rome's legisla
tive struggles from the time of
the "twelve tables" in the 5th
century before Christ until the
time of Caesar. It is the birth
place of modern democracy.
Survives Barbarians
After the ejection of the
Etruscans, the republican gov
ernment which was formed in
cluded magistrates elected an
nually, an advisory senate of
nobles, and a popular assembly.
This government survived an
attack by barbarian Celts who
came from Gaul to sack the
city.
While the barbarians cele
brated their victory with three
clays of feasting, remnants of
the Roman army fortified the
capital. It remained Impregna
ble, and after looting and burn
ing the rest oi the city the
MEDFORD, OREGON, MONDAY, JUNE 5, 1944.
a w -c tr . ft ji--b k si. m m a .ssssssa h ra i ijt i . .'4ai a. m
INSURANCE HELD
SUBJECT TO U. S.
T
Supreme Court Upsets Past
Rulings to Find Govern
ment Prosecution Legal.
Washington, June 5 (U.R)
The sunreme court, upsetting
oast judicial rulings, held today
that insurance constitutes busi
ness in interstate commerce and
that federal anti-trust laws there
fore mav be applied to insurance
companies.
The long-awaited verdict rein
stated the federal government's
criminal anti-trust proceedings
against 196 stock fire Insurance
comoanies, operating in six
southeastern states, on charges
of combining to fix premium
rates and monopolize trade. The
suit previously had been dis
missed by the northern Georgia
federal district court.
Suit Contested
The suit was contested both
by the insurance companies and
by many states, which contended
that regulation of insurance al
ways had been left to "the states
In the pa3t and should continue
to be. The federal government
contended that insurance clearly
was business in interstate com
merce and therefore was subject
to the anti-trust laws.
Justice Hugo L. Black deliv
ered the high court's majority
opinion in a 4 to 3 split. Justices
Frank Murnhy, William O. Doug
las and Wiley Rutledge agreed
with him.
Chief Justice Harlan F. Stone
delivered a dissenting opinion
In which Justice Felix Frankfur
ter concurred. Justice Robert H.
Jackson dissented in part. Jus
tices Stanley F. Reed and Owen
J. Roberts did not participate.
London, June 5 (U.R) Up to
1250 American heavy bombers
and fighters raked the French in
vasion coast with bombs and gun
fire today, carrying forward the
bombardment that in four days
and nights had rained more than
13,000 tons of explosives across
Germany's west wall fortifica
tions.
The mighty aerial barrage ap
peared to be swelling swiftiy
toward the crescendo that Gen.
Dwight D. Eisenhower told
American airmen he would re
quire to accompany his invasion
armies into the continent.
Giuls withdrew. Rome was
quickly rebuilt by the Republic
and the city set out on its ca
reer of conquering or forming
alliances with other city-states.
By 264 B. C, Rome had become
the mistress of all Italy.
She then launched into an
age of war and conquest which
ended with her becoming the
dominant power of the then
known wn Id. Her most power
ful rival, Carthage, had first to
be overcome an achievement
which took 119 years to accom
plish. The first, second and third
Punic wars ended by 146 B. C,
with the complete destruction
of Carthage. The wars had not
been waged, however, without
great peril to the Eternal City.
Hannibal, the greatest of the
Carthaginions, came near con
quering the peninsula in the
second Punic war, and it was
only his defeat by Sciplo at
Zama that saved Rome.
Without Rival
Macedonia, too, which bad
U.S. SUBMARINES
GET 16 MORE JAP
SUPPLYVESSELS
Big Transport, Cargo Vessel
and Seven Medium Ships
Among Latest Sinkings.
Washington, June 5 (U.PJ
U. S. submarines, maintaining
their war of attrition against
the weakening Japanese supply
lines, have sunk 16 more enemy
ships, including one large trans
port, one large cargo vessel and
seven medium cargo vessels, the
navy announced today.
A communique said that the
other ships sunk were two small
cargo vessels, four medium cargo
transports and one small cargo
transport.
Navy announcements during
the past five weoks have told of
sinking of 43 Japanese ships, in
dicating that U. S. submersibles
are accounting for an average of
better than a ship a day.
By United Press
The Japanese, were pushed
back by allied troops on two
Pacific battlefronts today on
Biak Island in Dutch New Guin
ea and along the Salween front
In China ind allied aerial
forces continued the steady of
fensive on widespread enemy
bases from New Guinea and the
Carolines to the Northern Kurile
Islands.
American troops, after break
ing through fierce Japanese re
sistance, were moving steadily
along Mokmer ridge in the drive
toward the important Mokmer
airdrome, on Biak, less than 900
miles south of the Philippines.
Planes Help
Allied planes closely support
ed the ground operations and the
troops were reported advancing
slowly over difficult terrain
north of Bosnck and Mandom.
In the fighting in Asia, Chinese
troops crossed the Shweli river
in western Yunnan province and
drove within 12 miles of the
Japanese stronghold of Teng
chung of the old Burma road.
The Chinese cut the main Jap
anese supply lines north of Teng
chung and were closing In for a
direct attack on the city, already
being assulted by American
planes.
Bombers from the south
Pacific carried the weight of the
aerial offensive to strike heavy
blows along the northern New
Guinea coast, where 24 Japanese
plpnes were destroyed, together
with probably six others, and on
Truk in the Carolines, which
was hit twice in two days.
allied itself with Hannibal, was
conquered between the second
and third Punic wars, and
Rome found herself at last with
out a rival for world power. In
the following century she con
tinued to develop, producing
such leaders as Pompey, Cicero,
Gracchus, Marius, and Sulla.
In 31 B. C, the Emperor Au
gustus inaugurated the 200-year
golden age for Rome The Pax
Romana during which the city
made its greatest imprint on
history.
Even before then, however,
some of the buildings, highways
and aqueducts for which the
city is famous had been built.
Appius Claudius, who built the
city's first aqueduct in 312 B.C.,
also gave Rome its first mili
tary highway, the Via Appria
or Appian Way. It was the be
ginning of the axiom "all roads
lead to Rome." The Colosseum,
perhaps the best known of the
ancient ruins, was started vy
Vespasian in 69 B. C
TRIFLTNE
Unlltd Press-
An Italian youngster presents bouquet of flowers to wearv
Yank whose tank is halted at outskirts of Rome as Allied armies
waited three hours for enemy troops to withdraw in accordance
with their own avowal of Rome as an open city. Signal Corps
radio-telephoto from Italy.
Benito's Balcony Now Bears Signs
Hailing Allied Nations' Leaders
Rome, June 8. (U.R) The Venice palace balcony from which
Benito Mussolini used to rant against the democracies and com
munism today was plastered with signs saying "Long live Roose
velt, Churchill, Stalin! Long live Democracy! Long live Soviet
Russia."
LT.
KILLED IN ITALY
Second Lt. Ben Dietrich, 26,
co-pilot of an army bomber, was
killed In the crash of his plane
In Italy May 20, according to a
wire received from the war de
partment Saturday by his moth
er, Mrs. 'Peter Dietrich, 939
North Central avenue. The pilot
had been in Italy since early In
December.
Survivors, tn addition to his
mother, are two brothers, also
in service, Cpl. Robert Dietrich
with the air corps at Columbus,
O., and Cpl. Merle Dietrich, sta
tioned with a medical unit at
Camp Butner, N. C. The young
man's father, Peter Dietrich,
died here December 29.
Lt. Dietrich was borri In
Plentywood, Mont., and came to
Medford with his parents In
1920. He is a graduate of Med
ford senior high school.
Mrs. Dietrich has gone to
Trail to spend several days with
friends.
of War
The decline of the Roman
Empire began with the admin
istration of Commodus In 180
A. D. Commodus was followed
by a long line of 33 emperors,
most of whom died by violence,
but evidences of decay extend
ed down through the masses,
grown weak and dissolute by
the conquered riches of the
world.
The swarming hordes of bar
barians in what Is now Ger
many and the Balkans pressed
relentlessly against the fron
tiers of the empire. The policy
inaugurated by Augustus of
settling barbarians within the
frontiers was continued by oth
er emperors.
The beginning of the end was
In sight for Rome by the fourth
century. The Visigoths, whom
Alaric led Into Italy, had been
settled south of the Danube as
allies of the empire, but they
wanted land of their own.
Alaric marched with his troops
to besiege Rome and when bis
staled Wit
The signs betoken one of the
greatest political somersaults in
history, performed by Rome to
day when suddenly all the Ger
mans and fascists disappeared,
and everything became Ameri
can, British, and democratic
outwardly, at least.
Instead of fascists parading
the streets, giving out party
trained cheers, and carrying
party-worded posters, 1,000,000
persons swarmed the streets of
Rome cheering the Americans,
.British and French.
INVITE ALL INTERESTED
TO HEAR YMCA SPEAKER
Everyone In Medford and vi
cinity interested in youth prob
lems Is urged to hear Robert D.
Clarke of the University of Ore
gon, outstanding authority on
the subject, speak at the Y. M.
C. A. meeting in the former
West Main USO, Masonic build
ing, Tuesday at 8 p. m., it was
announced today by Dr. Bert El
liott, chairman of the committee
in charge.
The meeting here tomorrow
night celebrates the founding of
a local Y. M. C. A. chapter, and
the 100th anniversary of the in
ternational organization.
Eureka, capital of the Red
wood Empire, is the most west
erly city in the United States.
Through Ages
demands were refused, he
sacked the city. Alaric, who
conquered the city In 410, died
shortly thereafter. Two years
later his successor, Ataulf, led
the Visigoths to Gaul to find
the lands Alaric had sought in
Italy.
Attila DefeMed
Given a breathing spell, the
Romans tried in vain to fore
stall the destruction of the em
pire. Attila the Hun came near
conquering the peninsula In
451, but was defeated. In 455
the vandals under Gaiseric, who
had already severed North Af
rica from the empire, attacked
Rome. The city fell and for the
next 20 years its actual ruler
was Ricimcr, , the Suebe, al
though he placed, puppet em
perors on the throne. At last all
pretense was abandoned and
Odoacer the Rugian, a barbar
ian, became king of Italy.
The 2.000-ycar history of the
Christian church revolves
largely around Rome, its head
Us Th
MAIL TRIBUNE
Want Ad Way
Quick Results
'" ' At Small Cost
NO. 63.
THOUSANDS LINE
AVENUES WHILE
Entrance Not Without Shot;
Citizens in Night Clothes
Throw Flowers.
Naples, June 5 (U.R) King
Victor Emmanuel formally
has signed over his royal
powers to his son, Humbert,
as lieutenant-general of the
Tealm, it was announced of
ficially tonight. The king,
however, has not yet abdi
cated. By United Press
German forces were in such
rapid retreat north of liberated
Rome toduy that units of the
Allied Fifth army which crossed
the Tiber in pursuit were unable
to keep up with them. ,
All along the front from the
Tiber estuary to the mountains
below Avezzano a battle of an
nihilation was developing. Gen.
Mark W. Clark, commander of
the Fifth army, saidt
"We have smashej parts oi
two . German armies (the 10th
and I4th). taken 20.000 prison
ers, and wrecked great stores ef
German material."
. The fleeing German columns
were under heavy attack by the
air force, which smashed 1350
vehicles in two days.
Rome was a scene of wild re
jolcing. United States army
trucks began pouring food and
supplies into the city. The vi
ler supply and electric system
were functioning and gas serv
ice wes expected to be restored
tonight.
By James E. Roper
United Press Correspondent
Rome, June 5 (U.PJ Ameri
can trucks and tanks rumbled
through streets lined with thou
sands of cheering and flower
tossing Romans today, one col
umn passing in front of the
Venice Palace where Benito
Mussolini declared war upon
the United States.
The Italian flag flew from
the balcony of Venice Palace
where the erstwhile Fascist dic
tator used to harangue his fol
lowers. All the palace window
were closed.
Flowers For Yanks
When I reached the heart o
Rome at 5:30 a. m., Italians,
many in night clothes, stood In
already long lines along the
streets, throwing flowers at the
Americans passing by.
By mid-morning it was Im
possible to drive a jeep through
the streets of downtown Roms
which were jammed with count
less thousands of Italians.
(Also soe story on Page 8)
quarters through the centuries.
The Popes survived through
the Middle Ages when Italy was
divided into dozens of tiny city
states or feudal baronies. They
ruled the city of Rome until
1870, with the exception of the)
short-lived republic set up by
Giuseppe Garbaldl in 1849. The
Pope was restored to the Vati
can by Louis Napoleon of
France, and Garibaldi's young
republic was dissolved.
On Sept. 20, 1870, Italian
troops again besieged and cap
tured the city. The people of
Rome voted 134,000 to 1, 500 to
join the Italian kingdom, with
Rome as Its capital. The Pope
retired to the Vatican, regard
ing himself as a prisoner, and
his successors did likewise un
til the Lateran treaty of 1929,
when the Italian government of
Benito Mussolini recognized
Vatican City as an independent
state.