Medford mail tribune., March 12, 1923, Page 1, Image 1

f
Medford Mail Tribune
The Weather
Prection Riln
Maximum yesterday 54
Minimum today 39
Weather Year Ago.
Maximum 54
Minimum 28
all Seventeenth Year.
A-'wJur Fifty-Second Year.
MEDFORD, OREGON, -MONDAY, MARCH 12, 1923
NO. 299
SCORES DEAD
Hi INJURED
IN TORNADO
20 Dead, 75 Injured at Pinson,
Tennessee 3 Dead Near
Richmond, Ky. School Boy
in Ohio Killed When Wind
Blows Off Roof of School
House.
JACKSON. Tenn., Mar. 12. Twenty
persons are reported killed and 75 in
jured near Pinson, Tenn., twelve miles
south of Jackson by the storm wlilcli
swept over that section Inst night.
A number oC dead and Injured are
negroes. About fifty dwellings about.
Pinson were wrecked, according to
meager reports received here.
A freight train was blown from the
track in that vicinity.
Only minor property damage oc
curred here. Relief parties were sent
from Jackson and plans made to bring
the Injured to hospitals here.
Wire communication with Pinson Is
cut olt.
MILWAUKEE, Wis., .Mar. 12. One
dead, several injured and damage esti
mated at a million dollars and all
kinds of transportation and wire ser
vice crippled, was the summing up to
day of the extent of the blizzard in
Milwaukee. The storm continues in
central and southern Wisconsin.
About eleven inches of snow has
fallen here.
Albert Nauman, 38, a janitor, fell
exhausted and died on his way to
work.'' "
the wind velocity today was 40
ml leu. Wires and' poles are down in
all directions out of Milwaukee.
CINCINNATI, Mar. 12. Two men
Wqre Injured early today in a rear-end
collision on the Southern railroad nt
Pulaski, Tenn., which was caused indi
rectly by the wind storm, according to
a report here, received by railway
men.
PEORIA, III.,' Mar. 12. More than
500 telephones were put out of sen-Ice
and many parts of the city were In
darkness as a result of the high wind
last night Two Inches of rain fell.
Falling trees and wires delayed inter
Urban and telephone service.
QUINCY, 111., Mar. 12. One serious
injury when a woman was knocked
down by a falling limb and suffered a
fractured skull, resulted from the
storm here last night during which
the heaviest rain of the year fell.
RICHMOND, Ky., Mar. 12. Thrco
people were killed, two fatally in
jured and a number seriously hurt by
-a cyclone which swept over a small
section on the Madison-Fayetto coun
ty border, shortly before last mid
night. PORTSMOUTH, Ohio, Mar. 12.
Dennis Hoggs, aged 9, was instantly
killed and five other children were In-
4tial wrt anrlnllfllv tndflV When a
high wind unroofed the high school j
building in South Portsmouth, Ky.,
opposite here, and carried It over into
the school yard where the children
were playing.
-JACKSON. Tenn., March 12 The
dead at Pinson Include Mrs. J. L.
.lames wife df a Methodist minister;
Mrs. Bloomer VnnTrc?so nnd two
children: two children of Joseph
Jrvln and two negroes.
The storm also swept through the
villages of Dcanburg and Montezuma,
Tenn., and touched the outskirts of
Lexington, whero several persons
were reported injured. At Deanburg
n youth wns rciiorrcJtlHert.
HARDING BUSILY AT
I
BOAT; MAY ANNOUNCE
PALM BEACH, Fla., Mar. 12. As
the houseboat Pioneer, carrying Pres
ident and Mrs. Harding and their
vacation companions, steamed slowly
southward today. Indications increas
ed that the stay of the chief executive
In southern Florida would not bo all
play and no work.
Alihnm'li ihe nresldent has been de-
..AtiHff Mmanir mnatlv to rest and re-i
laxatlon since he left Washington a
week ago today, definite periods each
day have been set aside for official '
business. Telegraphic correspondence ,
has been maintained witn mo vt nne i
House and Bt each Important stop i
such as that made here Suturday and J
High Temperature
Of Michigan Girl
An Admitted Fake
ESCANADA, Mich.. March
12. The story of how Miss
Evelyn Lyons, 30, fooled the
medical profession of Escauaba,
newspapermen and sympathetic
neighbors for 21 days through
her ingenious fever raising tac-
tics by a hot water bottle was
unfolded here today by Dr. liar-
ry J. Dcfnet, health commis-
sioncr and attending physician
on the case which has attracted
nation wido attention.
The hoax was made possible 4
through the aid of a hot water
bottle of the same color as the
girl's night dress and put under
her arm. Dr. Defnet said.
The second of the Jackson county
night riding cases will be called in
the circuit court at Jacksonville to
morrow morning at 9 o'clock. The
defendants are J. Alexzander Norrls,
former county jailer, and his son-in-law,
Thomas E. Goodie, garageman,
both of Jacksonville, indicted for riot
for the alleged "taking out" of Henry
Johnson, on the evening of April 9th
last. ,
A Jury in the trial of Jouett P.
Bray, Howard A. Hill, and Jesse K.
Hittson, charged with riot in onnec
tion with the alleged kidnapping and
hanging of J. F. Hale, on March 17,
1922, returned n verdict of not guilty
Saturday evening, at 5 o'clock, after
40 minutes' deliberation.
The story of the affalr.for which
Norris and Goodie, and a number of
John Doe's were Indicted by the spe
cial grand jury' last August, is as
follows:
Johnson, the star witnoss for the
state, and Paul York, both residents
of Jacksonville, claim they were ask
ed by the defendants, Norrls and
Goodie, to accompany them to Ash
land, in an auto truck, for the pur
pose of getting a piece of machinery.
The young men consented, and on
the return trip, tho machinery not
being secured, when a short distance
beyond the Vorheis crossing engine
trouble developed, and a short time
later, two cars with seven masked
men approached, and ordered" Goodie
and Norrls to drive further up tho
road.
Young York was taken to ono side
and given a "lecture" and Johnson
was taken to a nearby tree, whero he
was accused of chicken stealing and
liquor violations. He denied tho ac
cusations, and the rope was drawn
taut around his neck, but he was not
lifted off tho ground. After a short
time, Johnson was allowed to go with
tho query, "Nigger, can you run?"
The band then dispersed. Accord
ing to tho reports at tho time, they
all wore masks over the face.
At tho opening of the present term
of court, Norris came Into court and
charged that Johnson and York had
made threats against his life,' in front
of tho courthouse, which was denied.
They were directed by tho court to
turn In their firearms, which they
did.
Tho trial is not expected to last
over three or four days.
Wyoming Hank Closed.
GILLETTE, Wyo.. March 12. The
Bank of Gillette was closed today at
tho request of its directors, pending
examination by a state banking, ex
aminer. The action followed the sui
cide here Friday of Mark H. Shields,
president of tho bank and mayor of
Gillette.
E.
NEW SHIP PLAN
yesterday much official mall has been
sent aboard-the houseboat.
Intimations have come from the
Pioneer as the party has cruised Bouth
that an announcement of the adminis
tration merchant marine policy might
bn made while the president is in
Miami. Chairman Laskor of the ship
ping board Is a member or the vaca
tion party and announced on arrival
at Ormond last Tuesday that he soon
expected to discuss with tho president
ways and means of meeting tho prob
lem created by the defeat of the ad
ministration shipping bill.
The president, Mr. Lasker said.
wanted detailed Information on the
subject.
SECOND NIGHT
RIDING III
OPENSTUESDAY
INCH FIRE
ON MOBS III
RUHRTDWN
Eight Germans Killed and
Scores Wounded When Pop
ulace Charge French Guard
Raid On German Home
Cause French Lieutenant
Killed Seige Proclaimed.
RECKLINGHAUSEN. March 12. (By
the Associated Tress) Eight Ger
mans are dead as tho result of clashes
with French troops' In various parts
of Itockllnhttuson.
One of tho French soldlors and
threo Germans were wounded in a
riot at Dortmund.
A state of sicgo has been declared
in tho entire Ilcckllnhauscn district.
Additional troops have been sent
to preserve order at Buer, whero n
French army officer and a French
civilian official woro killed Saturday
night and where excitement has since
been running high, resulting in re
newed shootings.
Of tho Germans who met death,
two wcro shot down while trying to
escape from tho gendarmes in- the
Buer disturbances. Flvethors were
killed and several wounded an hour
later when a crowd attacked a French
guard post. The eighth German was
killed at Dortmund when a crowd at
tacked a French detachment.
Disturbances were renewed at Buer
last night when French gendarmes
went to the home of a German sus
pected of being Implicated In the as
sassination of tho French officials.
Two Germans, who were found there
were, nrrestcd. They were being taken
to a guard post, when, according to
French reports, they tried to escnpo
and were shot. ' ,
This created an uproar and within
an hour tho Germans begnn pouring
into the streets despite the com
manding general's order prohibiting
civilians from being out after 7 p. m.
Mob Fired Upon.
A crowd assembled In tho town
square and soon afterward several
hundred Germans, mostly men, at
tempted to storm a French guard
post whero seven or eight soldiers
were stationed.
The Germans demanded tho reason
for tho killing of tho two men. The
soldiers repeatedly ordered them
away, but the crowd refused to heed
tho warnings, tho reports state, be
coming more excited, finally attack
ing the house In which the guard was
quartered. On being attacked, the
soldiers fired, killing five Germans
nnd wounding several.
Additional troops were ordered out
nnd all civilians were ordered to re
turn to their homes, but it was long
nftcr midnight before order was en
tirely restored.
One of tho two men, killed In the
earlier shooting had boasted to
friends recently, according to French
Information, that ho wns preparing to
kill a French officer. When the gen
darmes heard of this, In view of Sat
urday's assassinations, they went to
this man's house and began search
ing for him. His wifo declared he
had not been nt home all day or the
night beforo, but the gendarmes pur
sued their search and found him hid
ing In a wardrobe
Town Fined 100,000,000 Marks.
DL'ESHELDORF, March 12. (By
tho Associated Press) Tito Kecklin
bausen district today faced Revere
penalties for what was pcrhnps the
most serious incident of the Frnnco
Ilelgian occupation tho killing at
Buer of Lieutenant Coltln of the
C'hnusBcurs. and N. Jllly, director of:
tho Buer railroad station.
French officials indicated that!
Buer would bo placed undor what
will amount to martial law, besides t
a fine of 100.000,000 mnrks. The .
persons who did tho shooting have
not been apprehended.
PAIUS, March 12. (By tho As
sociated Press) Premier Polncnre,
accompanied by Ministers of Public
Works IiTrorquer nnd a staff of ex
perts, left today for Hrussels to at
tend tho Franco-Hclgian conference
on tho liuhr. The French believe that
the surrender of Germany is merely
a question of time nnd that the hour
is approaching when France nnd Hel
Klum must decido how they arc to use
their victory and what part Great
Uritaln will play In tho settlement.
Mennwhllc tho question of further
penalties In the lluhr has been
brought to tho fore by tho killing nt
lluer of a French officer and a
civilian.
Pirate Rob Rum Ship ,
HALIFAX, N. 8.. Mar. 12. Pirates
i held up and robbed the British schoon
; er Eddie Jnmes of 6D0 cases of whls
! key and $f000 In cash when she was
jnt anchor off New York on March 2,
' It was learned hero.
Dentil I.lst Grows. !
LOflHVILLE, Ky- March 12. At
least five persons wore killed In south
j central Kentucky in the storm which'
I swept the state last night. '
PRINCESS XENIA LEEDS
RIDE3 IN ROYAL FASHION
AMONG ROYAL PALMS
IN v-Y"V'
Photo Just received from Fiorlda of
the former. Princess Xenia of Russia,
now Mrs. William II. Leeds, wife of
the son of the late "Tin Plate King,"
at Palm Reach this week.
HELD UP YEGGS
XKWnrnO, March 12. One
of tliu men Mresled here, sus-pix-tcd
of robbing;' the bunk at Nt
I'aul. snifl III nnmo was Hubert
Hums, and thai lie) bad been pa
roled November 20 lust, by -t-ing
Governor Itoy llitner after
serving four yean of a flfteen
yror sentenco from Multnomah
county on a lugliwny robbery
conviction. The other man gave
his nnmo as Kdgnr It. Smith of
Oregon City.
NEWBURO, Ore., March 12. Two
armed men held up and robbed tho
bank nt 8t. Paul, Ore., eight miles
south of hero today nnd one hour
later two men, suspected of having
committed tho robbery, were cap
tured here by Marshal Kay Amy, who
reported finding tho bank's money
in the possession of the pair.
Miss Beatrico Murphy, 22, teller
nt tho bank, wns In chargo of tho in
stitution today during tho absenco of
S.J. Smith, enshier, who was out of
Awn. William Murphy, her father,
not employed in the bank, was with
her. Hhortly after the hank opened,
two nrmed men entered and com
manded them to hold up their hands.
One of them threatened tho man and
girl with his weapon, while tho other
scooped up all of tho cash in sight.
They then withdrew nfter threaten
ing the bank people against giving
nn nlarm nnd rodo away in their
small car.
Authorities were advised Immedi
ately on their departure and a broad
cast was sent out by telephone to nil
surrounding towns, Including a de
scription of tho car and bandits.
At Newburg. Marshnl my. nrmed
with n revolver, stationed himself at
the corner of Third nnd lltver street,
where the enr must pass if it camo
through tiro town, and waited.
When the suspected car appeared
Marshal Amy jumped out before It de
manding surrender. The car stopped,
the driver putting up his hands. In
the back seat tho second man held a
largo revolver which tho marshnl
commanded him to throw over the
side. Tho amount of money found
upon the two suspects wns $704.
The Inner safo of the St. Paul bank
containing the principal funds was
locked, Miss Murphy having been left
with about $700 with which to do busi
ness while Cashier Smith was away.
After tho robbers had forced Miss
Murphy and her father to hold up
their hands they approached the safe,
but the girl warned tlieni not to touch
It.
"Keep your hnnds off that," she
said, "it Is heavily charged with elec
tricity and will kill you If you lay
your hands on It."
Impressed by her words, tho two
robbers did not attempt to open the
safo. They saw tho loose cash how
ever, scooped It up nnd departed.
SALEM, Ore., .March 12. Un
masked, two unidentified men,
about 2" and SO years of ago respec
tively, entered the Stato Bnnk of St.
Paul, Ore., shortly after 10 o'clock
this morning, held up the ncling
cashier und bookkooper, robbed the
till of several hundred dollars and,
escaped in a waiting automobile. An I
hour later two men, believed to be'
I1,a rnliltnra wpra apTMInrl nnit Indp-
ed In Jail at Ncwbcrg.
il T .1 ' r i IHJ...H , ruJ I
EGON BANK IS
ARE CAPTURED
SNOWSTORM
Tiirn mi i ill
nninniruiroT!
lillUULt VVluI
Several Lives Lost and Mil
lions of Dollars Damage Is
Done By Terrific Blizzard
That Sweeps Illinois, Iowa,
Wisconsin and Ohio Wires
Down, Trains Delayed. '
CHICAGO. Mar. 12 With telephone
and telegraph communications bolng
restored communities in tho Missis
sippi valley nnd central west stntes
today started a cheek on the dnmngo
caused by the heavy snow nud rain
storm, accompanied by a high wind,
that swept over the area last night.
Almost simultaneously with the ar
rival of the storm, telegraph and tele
phone service ceased to function.
With few wires romniutng workable
reports on the extent of the storm
woro materially delayed. Iowa was
swept by a rain nnd snow storm but
because of demoralized communica
tions its Intensity nnd maguitude was
not known early today.
High winds were prevalont through
out the south.
Heavy rains fell last night In Mis
souri, Arkansas, Oklahoma and the
eastern third of Kansas. A heavy wet
snow fell near Topeka, the precipita
tion almost equalling the total since
last Thanksgiving day.
' Telegraph Wires Down
DES MOINES, la.. Mar. 12. Tole
graph and telephone service In Iowa
was practically suspended today by
last night's heavy wet snowstorm.
Wire company officials say that bo far
as communication facilities are con
cerned, the storm was tho most severe
In yours. Cities In the eastern hnlf
of the state were entirely cut off from
tho outside world. .
MILWAUKEE, Wis., Mar. 12. Cen
tral and southern Wisconsin points
today are (led up as the result of the
bllzznrd which started last night and
continued early today. The storm Is
heavy and In somo parts heavy drifts
have formed from the high winds. The
storm has caused the greatest damage
of tho winter.
Transportation is badly crippled and
wires are down In many sections.
Thousands here were compelled to
walk to work because of the stalled
street car service. Eight Inches of
Bnow fell horo.
Madison appears to have experienc
ed tho greatost snowfall having 18
Inches.
Record Breaking Wind
' NASHVILLE, Tenn., Mar. 12. Hun.
drods of trees woro uprooted and
many roofs dumaged In Nashville and
vicinity by Sunday night's storm
which reached a wind velocity or 80
miles an hour, the highest ever re
corded here. Wire service has suf
fered severely.
ST. LOUIS, Mar. 12. Rain, accom
panied by a wind which at times at
tained a velocity of sixty miles, was
genoral over the eastern part of Mis
souri and southern Illinois last night
and early today, tho weather bureau
announced. The telephone nnd tele
graph lines have been seriously Inter
rupted, trees and shrubbery uprooted,
windows blown In nnd considerable
other property damnge done.
DALLAS, Texas, Mar. 12. A forty
mile galo, accompanied by a dust
storm, swept east and north Texas
yesterday causing minor damage
here.
Slight damage was reported from
Denlson and Fort Worth.
Mother Slain Girl ,
Declares Suspect
Also Attacked Her
VANCOUVER, Wash., March 12.
Mrs. Paul Noskn, mother of Anna, the
ll-yenr-old girl whoso mutilated
body was found Thursday night In
brush near llattln Ground, rovenlcd
today that sho herself had been at
tacked a year ago hy Gcorgo K. Whit
field, the youth who Is In Jnll under
charge of first degree murder In con
nection with tho death nf tho Rlrli
and according to her story, which
came to the attention of tho local i
authorities today for tho first time,
she believed the youth had killed the
girl In revenge. '
Whitfield remnlned in solitary
confinement In tho Jail nnd officers;
have ceased their efforts to break I
down his denial of guilt. Luke R.
May, criminologist, has returned to
Keatlle. He will return for the trial.)
Before leaving he said evidence found
nn flin victim' hnrfv U'nl aiifflrlent'
to warrant holding Whitfield. j
Plan Regular Air
Service From London
To Australia, 6 Days
4
LONDON, March 12. Lon
don to Australia by airplane in
six days is regarded as possi
ble by the British air ministry,
which Is about to ask the alr-
icraft Industry on bids Tor build-
ing a great metal alrnlane. savs
the Dally Mail.
Tho ministry's specifications
which havo been made after
careful investigation, will cull
for a machine capable of flying
with mail continuously day and
night without Incurring tho risk
of forced landings, from London
to Malta, 1500 miles. The ma-
chine must havo two motors, so
that if one is disabled, another
will bo nblo to maintain tho
flight. U must also be equip-
pod with stabilizing median-
4- Ism to insuro against sido slip-
ping and similar air accidents.
DARK MYSTERY
Ashland suffered the most mys
terious burglar raid in its history
over the week end. Some person or
persons unknown, broke Into nearly
every doctor's office In tho city and
also broke Into tho offices of Briggs
and Briggs, well known Ashland at
torneys. In each case entrance was
made by cutting tho door pams and
inserting somo instrument, proba
bly an Iron bar, thus pushing back
tho spring locks and opening tho
doors.
I Although all tho offices wore ran
sackod, desks apd cabinets oponed
and papers strewn about, as far as
anyone can. discover In no Instance
were articles of value taken. No nar
cotics Wnia tnllAll In nnn nfflnn n
!n, , .., .
BURGLAR RAID
IN ASHLAND IS
overlooked and in anothor a box of i homo Publlcist suggest that in the
candy was unmolested. IfiDly 1,10 "iMnet Bhould explain fully
The Ashland police, as woll as the 1,10 ,,lst"'y of Manchurlan ques
cltlzens of Ashland are complotoly 1 on' Publishing the alleged secret
nWlfled by the strange' occurrence V'',5' b"'woen clll,,a and Ru8sia ,n
and up to press time there was no 11S!H'' T."'8 sPPsed pact, In tho
explanation nor oven a plauslble-vlow of those Pbllci8ta allowed Rus-
tneory advanced.
Tho offices entered follow: Dr. G.
W. Gregg, Dr. W. J. Crandall; Dr.
Bertha Sawyer, Dr. S. T. Songer, Dr.
E. A. Wood, Dr. P. G. Sweden borg
and Attorneys ilrlggs nnd Briggs.
Visiting Minister
Pleased Audiences
Christian Church
D. J. Howe of Dayton, Wash., was
greeted by two splendid audiences
Sunday at the Christian church, and
delivered doctrinal and Instructive
sermons that were very favorably re
ceived both by the church member
ship and the visitors.
The music was an exceptlonally
Dtrong fenture.
Mr. Howe Ib considering tho pas
torate here and comes highly rocom
mended from St. Paul, Minn, Dayton,
Wash , and other places where he has
been pastor. He was also in charge
of mission work In Minnesota for sev
eral years.
Mr. Howe will roturn to Dayton to
morrow. Sam Gompers Recovers
NEW YORK, Mar. 12. Samuel
Gompers, confined to Lonox Hill hos
pital since last Wednesday with pneu
monia is out of danger, according to
physicians.
WASHINGTON, Mar. 12. Tho ser
ies of bootlegger raids which in recent
weeks has brought the national capital
sharply Into tho limelight of the war
of enforcement authorities against
liquor law violations, has culminated
In un order to army and navy Intelli
gence officers to investigate tho ap
pearance of names and addresses of
more than fifty army, navy and ma
rine corps officers in a list seized In
a mid horo March 3.
The list, as published today in the
Washington Post, contains mora than
400 names and was seized In a raid on
tho home of James M. Connor, arrest
ed on tho charge of illegal possession
and selling of liquor, after tho confis
cation of liquors valued at f 1000.
BOOTLEGGERS LIST IN WASHINGTON. D. C,
PUBLISHED, CONSTERNATION FOLLOWS
JAP TREATY
China's Note Interpreted As
Drastic By Tokio Request
Will Be Refused, But , in
Courteous Terms Fear of
Anti-Jap Reaction in the
United States.
TOKIO, March 12. (By the As
sociated Press.) China's note to
Japan on Saturday requesting that a
discussion he held with a view of re
turning Dnlny nnd Port Arthur to
v'hlna was Interpreted hero today as
no less than a communication declar
ing abrogated the Chlno-Japanese
treaty of 1915 which embodies the
21 demands.
The terms of tho Chinese note came
ns a surprise to Japan. It has been
thought that China' might suggest
the opening of negotiations for the
revision or termination of the Japan
ese leases on Kwantung peninsula,
hut that she would declare the treaty
abrogated was undreamed of.
Japanese officials believe that the
American government; understands
nnd approves of Japan's attitude,
which has been Interpreted in the
diet as ono of unyielding adherence
to the treaty. However, the public .
fears that Japan's refusal to consider,
China's proposal may arouse anti
Japanese feeling abroad. ,.
Japan's reply to the note will rosch
Poking this week unless the privy
council, to .which It must he sub mu
ted, makes some changes In It. Tho
reply will he short and couched in
courteous terms, but will deny em
phatically the legality of China's ac-'
Hon, on the lines of Delegate Shlde-
hara's statement at the Washington
(.conference,
sin tho use of ports for war. which.
ns contemplated, broke out between
nusslu and Japan in 1904. Thoy con
tend that had tho existence of this
treaty been known when the Ports
mouth peace conference was called to
settle the Russo-Japanese war, China
would havo had to pay Japan a large
indemnity.
R.
CHICAGO, March 12. Rodolph
Valentino and his second wife, Wini
fred Hudnut, are expected to be re
married here tomorrow or Wednes
day. ' Tho actor and his wife, to
whom he was married In Mexico
shortly after his divorce front. Jean
Acker, have awaited notification that
the interlocutory1 decree of divorce
granted in Los Angeles a year ago
had become absolute and final, and
this was announced today In Los An
geles. Friends said Valentino was await
ing the arrival of a lawyers from New
York who was expected to arrive to
day before fixing the time of the cere
mony. Some of Valontino's business ar
rangements also are understood to
await the lawyer's decisions.
WASHINGTON, Mar. 13. Prohlbl-,
Hon officials thomselves must take
whatever action appears necessary in
connection with the discovery in a
recent bootleg raid here of a list of
Washington residents which Included
the names of several officials of the
stato department and of many officers
of the army, navy and marine corps.
After a preliminary Inquiry today it
was indicated that the state, war and
navy departments would take no fur
ther steo, but would regard each case
as a personal matter between tho man
named and the prohibition enforce
ment authorities. It was pointed out
nt all three departments that there
was nothing now In evidence to In any
way Incriminate those whose names
were on tho list, ' ' ' j.
1