Medford mail tribune., March 05, 1921, Page 6, Image 6

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Woodrow Wilson's Plac; in History
By General the Right Honorable Jan Christian Smuts,
Premier of South Africa.
(Printed by Permission of the New York Evening Post.)
General the Right Honorable Jan
Christian Smuts, Premier of the Union
of South Africa, served with President
Wilson on the League of Nations com
mission of the peace conference.
General-Smuts was an active leader
of the Boer army in the field In the
Boer war. He is a graduate of Cam
bridge university In England, served
as state attorney for the South African
republic, and was well known as a
member of the bar at Cape Town.
Accepting the outcome of the Boer
war, he entered the service of the Brit
ish government, becoming colonial sec
retary for the Transvaal in 1907 and
exercising a leading Influence as a
delegate in the national convention of
1910, which drew up the constitution
for the present Union of South Africa.
He was minister of defense of the
South African government and com.
manded the troops In the campaign
against the Germans in East Africa in
1916-17. Promoted to be an honorary
lieutenant-general; he was the 8outh
African representative In the Imperial
war cabinet In 1917-18. This led to his
prominence in the peace conferenc
and to his close contact with President
Wilson. On February 8 of this year
Premier Smuts and the South African
party won a decisive victory at the
polls over General Hertzog and those
who advocated the secession of South
Africa from the British empire.'
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Gars
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.'Pretoria, Soutli Africa, Jan. 8, 1921.
It has ,bo?n suggested that 1 should
wrilo a short estimate and. appraisal
of the work of President Wilson on tho
termination 'of his presidency of the
United States. " ' J ,cel 1 must comply
with the suggestion. I feol I may not
remain silent when there Is an. oppor
tunity to say a word of appreciation
for tho work of ono with whom I came
In close contact at a great period and
who rondored tho most signal service
to the great humnn cause
There is a grout saying Monimsen
(I heliove) in reference to tho close of
1 1 a ii li 1 bill's career in failure and
eclipse. "On thoso whom the gods
love they lavish infinite Joys and infill
ito sorrows." It has como buck to my
mind in reference to tho close of Wil
son's career. For a few brief moments
ho was not only the leader of the
greatest state In tho world; he was
raised to far giddier heights and be
came tho center of tho world's hopes
And then ho fell, misunderstood and
rejected by his own people, and his
groat career closes apparently In sig
nal and tragic defeat.
What Is tho explanation of this tie
mcmlntis tragedy, which Is not solely
American, which closely concerns the
whole world? Of course, thoro are
purely American elements in tho ex
planation, which I am not competent
to speak on. ltut besides tho Amer
ican quarrel with President Wilson
thcro is something to bo said on the
great matters in issue. On these I
may be permitted to say a few words.
Tho position occupied by President
Wilson In tho world's Imagination at
the close of the (!rcnt War and at the
beginning of tho peace conference was
terrililo in its greatness. It was n
torriblo position for any more man to
occupy. Probably to no human being
In all history did tho hopes, the pray
ers, tho aspirations of so many mil
lions of his fellows turn with such
poignant intensity as to him at the
close of tho var. At a tlmo of tho
deepest darkness .and despair, ho had
raised aloft, a :lghl to which all eyes
had turned. Ho had spoken divine
words of healing and consolation to a
broken humanity. His lofty moral
idealism seemed for a moment, to dom
Inulo tho i brutal passluns which had
torn the old world asunder. And he
was supposed to possess tho secret
which would remake tho world on fair
er, lines. .The peace which Wilson
was bringing to the world was expect
ed to be Cod's pence. Prusslnnlsm lay
crushed: bruto Torce had failed utterly.
Tho moral character of tho universe
had been most signally vindicated.
There was a universal vague hope of a
great moral peace, of a new world
order nrislng visibly and Immediately
on the ruins of the old. .This hopo was
not a mere superficial sentiment. It
was the Intense expression at the end
of (he war of t ljo Inner moral and
spiritual force which had upborne the
peoples during tho dark night of the
war and hud nerved them to an effort
almost beyond human strength. Surely,
surely, Cod hud boon with them in
that long night of agony. His was the
victory; His should tie the peace. And
President Wilson was looked upon n?
ihe niim to make this great peace.
He had voiced the great Ideals of the
new order; his great utterances had
become the contractual basis for the
arniiKtlco and the peace. The idealism
of Wilson would surely hoenino the
reality of the new order of tilings In
the peace treaty.
In this atmosphere of extravagant,
almost frenzied expectation he arrived
at (lie Paris pence conference. With
out hesitation he plunged into that in
feruo of human passions. Ho went
down Into the pit like a second Her
aeles to bring back the fair Alccstis
of the world's desire. There were six
months of agonized waiting, during
which the world situation rapidly de
teriorated. And then he emerged with
the pence treaty. It was not a Wilson
peace, and he made a f ital mistake
111 somehow giving the Impression that
(he pence was In accord with his Four
teen Points anil his various declara
tions. Not so the world had understood
him. This was a panic peace, the snme
sort of peace as the victor hail dictated
to the vanquished for thousands oi
1 df
V7) .;.: .' J'.iT:'.
4
! ' ASM
wwMm
I'KEMJKR S.MfTS
years. It was not Alcestls, It was a
haggard, unlovely woman with fea
tures distorted with hatred, greed, and
selfishness, and the little chjld that the
woman carried was scarcely noticed
Yet it was for the saving of the child
that Wilson had labored until he was
a physical wreck. Let our other great
statesmen and loaders enjoy their well
earned honors for their unquestioned
success at Paris. To Woodrow, the
apparent fuilure, belongs the undying
honor, which will grow with tho cen
tiirles, of having saved tho "little child
that shall lead them yet." No other
statesman hut Wilson could havo dono
it. And he did it.
Tho people, the common pcoplo of
all lands, did not understand the sig
nificance ot what had happened. They
saw only that hard, unlovely Prussian
peace, and the great hope died in their
hoarts. The great disillusionment took
its place. Tho most receptive mood
for a new start the world had been in
for centuries passed away.' Faith In
their governors and leaders was large
ly destroyed, and tho foundations of
human government were shaken In a
way which will bo felt for generations.
Tho ParlB peace lost an opportunity
as unhpio as the tlreat war itself. In
destroying tho moral idealism born of
tho sacrifices of 'the war it did almost
as much as tho war ItseU in shattering
tho structure ot western civilization.
And tho odium for all (his fell espec
ially on President Wilson. Hound him
tho hopes had centered; round him tho
disillusion and despair now gathered.
Popular opinion largely hold him re
sponsible for the bitter disapiiointmcnt
and griovous failure. Tho cynics scof
fed; his friends were silenced in the
universal disappointment. Little or
nothing had, been expected from tho
other leaders; the whole failure was
put to the account of Woodrow Wilson.
And finally America for reasons of her
own, joined the pack and at the end It
was his own people who tore him to
pieces.
Will this judgment, born of momen
tary disillusion and disappointment,
sliuul In future, or will It bo reversed?
The time has not conic to pass final
judgment, on cither Wilson or any of
tho other great actors in tho drama at
Paris. Tho personal estimates will
depend largely on the Interpretation
of that dr,amn in tho course of time.
As one who saw and watched things
from tho Inside I feel convinced that
tho- present popular estimates are
largely superficial and will not stand
the searching test of time. And I have
no doubt whatever that Wilson has
been harshly, unfairly, unjustly dealt
with, anil 'that he has been made 'o
scapegoat for the sins of others. Wil
son mado mistakes, and there were
occasions when I ventured to sound a
warning note. Hut it was not his mis
lakes that caused the failure for which
ho has been held mainly responsible.
..
Let us admit the truth, however
bitter It Is to do so for (hose who be
lieve In human nnture. It was not
Wilson who failed. The position is far
more serious, h was the human spirit
itself that failed at Paris. It Is no use
passing judgments and making scape
goats or this or that individual states
man or group of statesmen. Idealists
mnko a great inistako in not facing the
real facts sincerely and resolutely.
They believe in the power of tho spirit,
in the goodness which is at the heart
of things, in the triumph which Is In
store for (he great moral ideals of the
race; !)tit this faith only too orten
leads to an optimism which is sadly
and fatally at variance with actual re
sults. It is the realist and not the
Idealist who is generally justified by
events. Wo forget that the human
spirit, the spirit f goodness and truth
in tho world. Is still only nn infant cry
ing In Ihe night, and that Ihe struggle
with darkness Is as yet mostly an un
equal struggle.
.
Paris proved this terrible truth once
more. It was not Wilson who failed
there, but humanity itself. It was not
the statesmen that fulled, so much as
the spirit of the peoples behind them.
The hope, the aspiration for a new
world order of peace and right and
justice however deeply and universal
ly f,.t was still only feeble and In
effective In comparison with Ihe domi
nant national passions which . found
their expression In the peace treaty. J
Even if Wilson had been one of the;
great demi gods of the human race, he ;
could not have saving the peace, j
Knowing the peace conference as I j
knew it from within, I feel convinced
in my own mind that not the greatest
man born oi woman in the history ot
the race would havcxsaved that situ-;
ation. The great hope was not tho i
heralding of the coming dawn, as tbe
peoples thought, hut only a dim lnti-i
mutlon of some far off event towards
which we skall yet have to make many i
a long weary march. . Sincerely as we
believed in the moral ideals for which I
we had fought, the temptation nt Paris
of a large booty to be divided proved i
too great. And In the end not only
the leaders but the peoples preferred a ,
bit of booty here, a strategic frontier i
there, a coal field or an oil wellr an'
addition to their population or their
resources to all the faint allurements
of the Ideal. As I said at the time, the
real peace was still to come, and it
could only como from a new spirit In
the peoples themselves.
What was really saved at Paris was
the child tho Covenant of the League
of Nations. The political realists who
had their eye on the loot were pre
pared however reluctantly to throw
that innocent little sop to President
Wilson and his fellow idealists. After
11, there was not much harm In It,
it threatened no present national Inter
est, and It gave great pleasure to a
number of good unpractical people in
most countries. Above all. President
Wilson had to bo conciliated, and this
was tho last and tho greatest of the
Fourteen Points on which he had set
his heart and by which ie was deter
mined to stand or fall. And so he got
bis 'way". Ilut it is a fact that only a
man 'of his great powe'ahd influence-
and dogged determination, could have
carried tho covenant through that
peace conference. Others had scon
with him the great vtsloh, others had
perhaps given more thought to the
elaboration of the great plan. Dut'his
was the power and the will that car
ried it through. The covenant Is Wil
son's souvenir to tho future of tho
world. No one will over deny him that
honor.
Tho honor Is vory great, indeed, for
tho covonant Is ono of tho great ere-
ativo documents of human history. The
peace treaty will fade Into merciful
oblivion, and its provisions will he
gradually obliterated by the great hu
man tides sweeping over the world.
But the covenant will stand as sure as
fate. Forty-two nations gathered round
it at the first meeting or the league at
Geneva. And the dny is not far off
when all the free peoples of the world
will gnthor round It. It must succeed,
because there Is no other way for
future civilization. It does not realize
the great hopes horn of tho war, but
! it provides the only method and instru
ment by which In the course of tlmo
those hopes can bo realized. Speaking
as ono who has somo right to spoak on
the fundamental conceptions, objects,
and methods of the covenant, I feol
sure that most of the present criticism
is based on misunderstandings. Theso
misunderstandings will clear away,
one by one the peoples still outsldo the
covenant will fnll in behind this ban
ner, under which the human race is
going to march forward to triumphs
of peaceful organisation and achieve
ment undreamt of by us children or an
unhnpplcr era. And the leader who, in
spite ot apparent failure, succeeded in
inscribing his name on that banner has
achieved the most enviable and endur
ing Immortality. Americans ot the
ruture will yet proudly and gratefully
rank him with Washington ami Lin
coln, and his famo will havo a moro
universal significance than theirs.
J it flV O tt .
U0a itt4r h?$ viaP
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