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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 21, 1914)
n,nnn H!tl'f W ?.07 Second Street r$ , . K Medtord Mail Tribune Mk SECOND EDITION WEATHER I'mcttled and rPobnbly rain .Mnv. Ilj .Mlti. UU. forty.fotirth Yenr, titllv -Ninth Ywtr. MKDFOUD. OKIWOX, HATH. DAY, NOVEMBER 21, 10U NO. 209 RUSSIA REPORTS DECISIVE DEFEAT OE GERMAN EORCES AEL ALONG EASIERN BATTLE FRONT B I. OLAN SCENE OF VICTORY FOR SIN ARMY Pctruurnil Report Announces Ger man March on Warsaw Ended In Total Defeat Austro-Gcrman Forces Near Cracow Also Reported to Have Been Driven Back. I'l.TltOdltAl), Nov. 21.- Tho Army .MiWHiiiiKcr, tliu official organ of the general staff of tlio It unnliin nriny. Miiutiilug up recent operation In tlio OIIHloril liroilll Of hostilities Hn)H! "Tho Guriunns nru innklng fresh offorls In ponntrnto our front between Low It-;, niul Hklornlovlco with tlio ob ject of iniirrlilug on Warsaw. It acciiim t lint tlio enemy throw Import nut fun ok In thin direction. Tin of foil of tlio Germans to inurch on Wnr n liy penetrating our front between KIcImi nml ftnilom resulted In totnl failure, ninl our trwym forced tho i nxiii) to retire nil along thin front, Tlio Ociiiiiiun lout enormous num ber In dead, wounded nml prisoner n well ii h provision trains, nrtlllery nml wnr material. Hepiilse .Vi'w ('iiirnn "On November IS liuportniit Ann-Iro-Gcrmiiu forces, supporting thuiu. Mihi'M on tlio fortified country bo twecn Cicutnchown nml Crncow, tin i!i ttook an energetic offcnslvu move incut ngnlnst our troopit, Itcpulsed on nit thin front with heavy losses, the enemy endeavored n fiesh offen sive movement hut ngnln our forces, hy n rountfir nttnek, drovo them back with henvy losses. Vo too); it largo number of prla onor. "It Im nnnouurcil (lint there Ih fur Inn fighting In tlio region of Cracow, tlio Oorinnus realizing tlint this ioit. thin, with Hit strong fortlflcntlouii Im their limt protected position on thin flout." Itiisihiii Flanking .Mmoiui'iit Tho offlrlnl ItUHMlnu report of tlio nipt n ie of n linttcry nt l.oilz In In turpreted ii h iilKtilflcnnt, suggesting n ItiiHtilnn flnnklng movement. Lnrgo reinforcements, It Ih Mild, linvo heen llitown In hy tlio HiihmIiiii. Front lleriln, however, canto no suggestion of it rotorso. Tlio Germans, It Is Mild there tiro making steady pro wess, not only In tlio renter hut In the north driving hnck tlio Itusslann fiinii tlio frontlor of Hast Prunsln. t'nofflclnl ndvlres from tlio wont nro to the effect Hint Germany' rein forcements ttt 111 nro being rushed to tlio eiuiterii bnttlo fields. - FOREST FIRES BURN ALL OVER ARKANSAS LITTI.M IIOI'K, Ark, Nov. 21.--Forest fires which nro reported burn tin: In muiiy counties of tlio Htnto nml imitlciilnrly north nml northeast of l.lttlo Hoik toiluy nru mild to ho In excusing In headway. Huioko pullri following (ho Aiknii una river cropt ovor l.lttlo Hock bringing nu nlmosl ulKht-IIko dnrk iicsb. Street lights woro vIhIIiIo for hut a fow foot from their poHtn. Tlio hut Konornl ruin In ArkuitHnu occurroil uioro than n month hkd. J'rovloim to that proclpltntlon rnln hnd not fnllon for r0 tliiya. E OF VALPAIIAIHO, Chile, Nov. 21 ('upturn of tho ilormuu Hteumurs Lux or mil Memphis, both belonging to I ho Kosmim Line, wiih ordered today by tlm Chilean government bocnuso I hoy left Chllouu poita yesterday without rlenrnuco pupets. Thu ni Ihoillles iilso uunoiiiireil (hut no ves mils of tlm Kosmos lino will ho pir inllli'il to tu he coiil or uoKlons In Chilean poitu, pending nu InvestlKu. lion of tlm Actions uf the Lunor nml Ml lllplllH FRENCH REPORT ADVANTAGE GAINED ARTILLERY DUEL I'AIIIH. Nov. 21. 2 II p, in. -Tlio official couimunicntliin h'voii out In I'nrln (IiIn afternoon remlH nH follow : "Tlin day of November 20, Knnrrnl ly npcnkliiK, woh xlmllur to the two proceeding iIujh. "In IIoIkIiiiii our nrtlllery nt Nleiipoit iieciuod tlio nilvnutnKo over Hint of tlio ononiy. l'roin Dlxiiuulo III tilt) HOIItll Of till) VpK.'H thero wim Interinltteii cnnuounilltiK on our purl nnd thvlm. "At Ilolloliolu) two nttncIcK of (lor limn Infantry wvro liniiieilliitcly ro pultun), "From tlio ltel;lau frontlor to tlio Oln.) (hero wmt nothing to report, "In tlio rlou of tlio AUno mid In ChnmpiiKUo the uilvniitnRo i;nlned by our hnttoilcM over tlio nrtlllery of tlio enemy hn become marked, nml linn pruftited tlm Cermiwis from con tlutiliiK the coiiHtrucllon of certulu trenchi'M he Kim by them. "In tlm ArKonuo wo blow up cer taln of the Mieiii)'n,treiii'heH. "In the lilulty of Verdun and In tlio Vohki'M wo hno mtiiU) proRreHH. At certain polntH wo have entnbllBheil our trouclii'N nt Ichh than 30 ynrdn from the (leriiuui ponltlon." MOVES TO CUT COMMONS' PAY l.tiNDON. Nov. 'Jl, 7:'J0 u.m.--J. F. I'. Kiiwlinhon, iinjoiiiht member of parliament from t'liiiihriilo univer sity, Iiiih ijiveu notice of Inn intention In inovn in the house of commons n resolution providing tlutt the Milurics. of membcrri of piirliuinent bo iliieou tinned, while the salaries of miuisteth nro to be reilueeil to the basis of (Iiomi Kiven llHMl. The n'solution rceite. that tlii4 uetioii is taken in view of the ilriiin upon tlio fiuiiuccx of tlio country. Members of piiiliaincnt pet n Mil nr.v of -111(1 (.il'llOD). Sueli payment wim proviilci! for in August, 11)11. I'reviously ineniberH had hcrvcil witli out pay. The Milmies uf incmbeiN of the cabinet illume from i"J0l)O to 10,000. The latter hiun is paid to the lord chancellor. The premier nml (lie lord of the ny henl servo without pay. BLAST FURNACE TO E LONDON, Nov, 2, 10 n. in. Tlio uowKpiipor liulepenilencu UuIko, which linn been published In London ulnco tlio occupation of l)riifinoln, linn ro colvod news from Chnrlerol, HoIkIuih, that the InrRu bliibt furunro thero In ruunliiK iilttht nml day InclnorntliiK tlio corpsuH of (loriunu Holdlern killed iiIoiik the Ynor line. Tlio bodlcH of the Holdloru nro boliiK brouRht to Cliiuleiol by mil. The couUmlnou of Chnrlerol have been ro-oponcd nml thu mliiorH nro workliiK two or three dnyK u weok. EASTERN PRUSSIA I'KTUOflHAD, Nov. -Jl.-Tlio ml viiiieo of tho HusMims into tlio Mu ziirinn liiki'H region of custom l'nis hiu, iiciii .loltnnnisbuig nml Aryu, Imk ruveiilcil tlio e.Ntent of tlie prepnrit ttonrt miiilo liy tlio (lermiiHH to resist inviisioiiH. Tho whole region Ik tie soribeil uh n giuiiutio fortress, fneiiiK to tlio cast' nml south in tlm form of u Kcini-eiri'le, ninety miles in evtent. Tlio spaces between (lie hikes, which ruiigu from marshy pomls hy tlm liumlrcilri to hoilies of water ten miles long', am entrenched .with wire fences, At inlorvals there nru eiulli en reiloiihl's, which nro ivinfoiecil with smile stonework nml protecleil liy mine liclils. Wheiever it is prm lli'iililu ciiiiiiIk have been iluc lie lilml Hicsii ciinals lie (Iciiiian hciiclics, At Aiys, vtlieiv ilio Hii1hiis inn WARMNRARMIFS 'BERLIN REPORTS IIIIIIIIIIVVAI llllllllF IN BELGIUM HALT 10 FACE WINTER Weather Force Aliantlonmcnt of Mill tary Activities Along Yser as Tem pcraturc Is Below Freezing Comparatively Little Activity In Beldum and France. LONDON, Nov. 21, 12 noon. The wnrrliiK nrmlex of both bnttlu frontu Neem today to tinve cotno to n pnumr, nu If nn Internal were neccMHnry for thorn to uolvo the new dlfflcultlcH of their ponltlotiK, rnlxod by tlio unox pected nevorlty of the flrnt onulniiKht of winter, A now crop of morion linn nrlmin thnt the (lermniiN nro fending heavy KiiiiN mid hiibninrlneM by rait to Mel kIuiii, detained for tlio cont, while other reportn declare that lont? train capable, nil told, of iiiovIiik 200,000 men, nro belnt; picpnrod to take (Jeriiian relnforceiiieutH to the enHtern front. Itiis.ans ( Inlm (liiH'k Vienna nml Ilvrllti m;rec that noth liiK dcolnlve linn occurred In I'olnnd, while 1'etroKrnd claims that the C.erninn offetulvo between the Wnrln nnd Vlituln hn boon checked no de finitely that thu KuiuilniiM have been 'iinblcd to rcMimu thu nm;reiilve, nn nttltudo which they KlKiinllxed by tlio capture of n bnttcry of (ierninn nrtll lery to thu northwoHt of l.odr. Thin, If true, ludlcatcH the poIUIllty that tlio (icriuniiH nro In dancer of belnc outfnnkctU..N'eortlis'Iesi It U np- purcnt thnt thu two nrinli are fnc- Ihr ench othor nml watting for the next iiiovo In whnt may prove to be ono of thu moHl decUtve hnttlea of the enHtern campaign. Allies llnlm Advnntngo Important ntlvnntngcH, though not of n iIccIhIvo nnture, nro claimed to dny by Die 1'roncli war office. Ger many's now attnek townrd tlio eastern end of the bnttlo lino across France, with tho supposed purpose of Isolat ing the Important fortress of Verdun, Ih said in tho French official stnte inonl to linvo been thwarted, nt loast temporarily. In tlio Arqonne region whero tho mnln nttnek hns been In (Continued on page two.) GERMANY TENSE AWAITING BATTLE LONDON, Nov. 21, 10;32 u. in. Tlm coriospondent In lleriln of tho Central News hns Rent tho following dispatch by way of Cepenhagen: "All of Germany Is In n condition of extremo tension, nwnltlug tho re sult of tho great battlo on tho eastern front. Tho Husslnn forccB nro esti mated at 900,000 men. Tho Ger mnns control all tho roads to Novo Oeorglowsk nnd Warsaw, Tho bnttlo centers nt Lodz, where tho (tormans nnd Austrlnns nro In excollont posi tion, whllo tho new Austrlnn forceB uro ndvnnclng from tho south. Tho Russians nro being attacked from threo sides." A GIGANTIC TORT teporlcil to linvo mnile n eonsiileruble uilvmu'u in the lust few tluys, they have heen compelled to btorm con crete block houses, resulting- in sumo instances in heavy loss of life, Keports from fiiuciism htnto Hint the ltussiiiu iiilviiueo into Turkey is proceeding without serious resist ance, although tho invading lorccs uro under fire from Turkish light ar tillery on the hilltops, practically nil the lime. There nro almost no roads in the region of tho Hiihso. Turkish bonier ami it ta necessary for the Hussion to move their guns ami sup ply wagons Ihioiigh tho mountain passes by liuml. The Turkish Milages through whVh (ho llusians hiivo passed mo tlcucit eil nml fctrippcil of provisions. Only In the AriMciiluii Milage have any supplies been fiMiiiil, LITTLE CHANGE ON T IIKItLIN, Nov. 21, (by wireless to London, ::?,U p. m.)- An official loniiiiiinlcatlou given out by the Her man general army headquarters to day says: "On tho wholo there Is no change In tho western war theater. The enemy Is showing great activity with his nrtlllery along practically the en tiro front. "In the eastern war theater the operations arc still further develop lug. Nothing enn yet Is; reported re garding tho situation In Last Prussia. "The pursuit of the defeated enemy, who was driven back through Mlawa nml Flock continues. Our of fensive nt Lodz has made progress. "In the region to the east of Czciistochown our troop arc fighting by the success of our allies and have I gained ground. LASSEN PEAK BY UJ-.MINO, Cnl., Now til. --I.u-.-tn I'ciitt is belching fqrth Mich volumes of t-rlokc toilny thnt the mountain is hiililA from view. As nearly as can bu learn"!. Hie eruption began with extrenlA violence ut 4 a. in. Iifjf.iv. The ili'liirbaiiee is the lirt of; any magnitude since Octpber 'J7, ntfil the Nixty-first since lh series began on May 10. $.?"' Forest Wnngeriibtv."sttitjoneil at .Mineral, rejMirtei ?iav frmm head (piarters nfltcil Illuftlxliat last Wcil ncsilnv he .nW a elmnr of smoke iiouriiiL' from n 'Cent in the mountain just at thv timber line ami a tniLc. be low thc'iiiaiii crater. He did not,,j:et near enough to determine wlu'thei;ithe vent was 'merely n fissure or a new crater. Watchers from Kcilding thought the smoke came from n for est, fire. BY GRAFT SAYS HENEY OAKLAND, Cat., Nov. Ul. At an exeeutivo meeting of tho citizens' committee of 100, cidled for loduy, it is the plan to seek legal advice, and form a definite' working; program in n crusade against nn alleged graft ring in Alameda county politics. The committee made this announcement last night after Francis J. Hcney had told as many citizens as could crowd into the largest auditorium in tho city that tho county is "ear-marked" by corruption. The "earmarks'' of the Mime sort of gratt that he had found in San Francisco in lllO.'i were plain ly evident in Alameda comity, Hcney declared. KAISER APPEALS TO 1U.U1.1N, Nov. 21. via London, 5:35 n. in. Kmperor William, ln nn swurhiK n telegram frqm the Society of German nnvnl architects now meeting nt Charlottenhurg, tele graphed tho follewing: "Vour faithful Inbor In peaco Iiob contributed to our successes hitherto In war. I rejoice ln4tho confidence and Intelligence thnt has dlructcd tho activity of German Industry, which, In thobo serious times has shown It self strong In support for tho Father land, "May tho lord God continue to vouchsafe tho success ot our arms nnd tho Fntherlnnd." WESTEfN HON MOKE Football Scores At Corvnllls, Oregen: Scere: First quarter 1'nlverslty of Oregon, 0; Oregon AgRl'''. West Point, N. Y. Army lit, Springfield (I. Washington Gcotgelowti (I, Wash ington ami .lefl'eihon II, Annapolis Naw X, I'minus 'J. Ilostmi - Diiilmoiilh 10, Syracuse 0. Chicago Minnesota li, Cliieutpi 7. Columbus Ohio Hlale '.'7, North western 0, m,v . hi tijrk :-; SOT WARNTENNESSEEl OF Captain Decker Cables Smyrna Fcrts Fired at Launch of Uncle Sam's Wnrihlu as Warning of Closed and Mined Harbor Act Not an Un friendly One. WASHINGTON, Nov. 21. After an announcement from the white house today that word had come from Cuptniu Decker of tie eruier Ten iiessoe that the firing of tho Turkish forts at Smyrna iisn the eniUer's launch on November 17 was not hos tile, Secretory Daniels announced that a iioi t ion of Captain Decker's first rcMirt had not been made pub-1 lie when received, because it was con- sidcred contradictory. He announced j that Captain Decker' dispatch re- Hrting the filing contained the words "act not hostile, but unfriendly." The navy department announce ment omitted the contradictory iilirasc, according to .Mr. Daniels, in order to verify it, and today ,.alnc word that thu iues.ie was 'correct as originally sent. Secretary Daniels was unable "to explain its meunini; and sn id that it seeine, to Ii in nn exDro- sion of opinion by the captain of the Tennessee without exact knowledge of what took pluce on shore. Port Wns Mined At the white house the s-tnlcntent issued said Captain. Decke.r had re ported the firing- as "not a hostile act," the iew being taken that the f first part of the phrase meant (hat the shot-, were not aimed to take ef fect, but as a warning, because the port of Smyrna was mined and closed. After a conference with President W5lson, Secretary Tumulty gave out today the following statement: "Tho Diiblie already knows whnt happened, namely: A boat from the Teniusee tried to enter tho harbor, a harbor which the Turkish govern ment had declared closed. A shot was fired across her bow to stop her. The captain of the Tennessee reports that it was not intended as a hostilo net. "A full investigation of the matter is being made and explanations have been asked of tho Turkish govern incut. Preious iittcnipt to com municate with Ambassador Moi-gen than in Constantinople have led to the delays of as much as a week.' Not a Hostilo Act Secretary Daniels said he had re ceived no further messages from Decker since tho first report and that ho assumed tho commander wns awniting investigation by American Ambassador jrorgenthnu. Mr. Dan iels Huid the contradictory phrase had been omitted in his announcement he cause it seemed only an expression of opinion which in itself was inexplie aide. There is no intention of withdraw ing either vessel, as sumo of tho American residents are said to bo concerned over the general conditions in Turkey. GERMANS EOOT SANTIAGO, Chile, Nov. 'Jl The American steamer Sacramento, which until a few months ago was the Gcr mun steamer Alexandria, has put into Valparaiso and the story related by her captain has resulted in the Chin eau authorities starting an investiga tion to determine who is responsible for tho apparent violation of neutral ity in which she was involved. Tlio Sacramento, Captain Jacobsou, left San Francisco for Valparaiso un der her now register, and flying the Stars and Stripes, October 13, Cap tain JaeoliBUU declares that hU steamer was seized on the high seas hy a Geinuin warship ami taken to Juan Fernandez island, belonging to Chile. Hem ho was obliged liy the Gcnnans to turn over hi pioWsions mid (lOUO Ion uf coiil. KA.V I'HANCIKCO, fill., Nov- til.- ' The klt'iiiucr Snoiuuienlo, detained at MID ra RESISTANCE 01im BY VILLA'S TROOPS WASHINGTON, Nov. 11. Frovis- J ional President Gutierrez, with thirty members of the Aguas I'alicntes con vention, have ur riled in San Luis Po tosi nnd General Villa's trooH have taken (jueretaro without resistance, according to official telegrams to the I state department. I American Consul Silliuiau was as Isurcd by Generals Obrcgon nnd lllnnro that a sufficient force would be left in the capital to preserve or- I der. Nothing was said about plans I for defense nnd the impression pre vails in official telegrams that the Villa forces will be iM'nnittcd to ap proach the capital without resistance, the chief movement of the Carrnnza forces being aimed nt the rear and flank of the Villa columns. ALLIES IN MARKET Ni:V YORK, Nov 21, Agents for the Hrltlsh and French government J announced here tdJay that they were I ln ,ho market for 1,350,000 wool 'sweaters. 000,000 wool stomach bands 1.600,000 wool gloves and 500,000 I I"i oi wool socks, in oruer to ue tcrmine where such an enormous qunntlty of woolen goods .might be purchased quickly, an advertisement ! wns placed In a commercial news papers. It was said that tho goods wero required for prompt delivery. thnt orders would bo given immed lately and that payment would bo made In cash for goods delivered in New York. Tho wholcsalo value ot tho goods wanted Is moro than $2,000,000. AT DEUL1N, Nov. 20, via London. Nov. 21, 5:33 n. m. The correspond ent of the Zeltung Am Mlttago vis ited Dlxmudo whllo that town still was under heavy bombardment. Tho sky was literally covered with smoke rings from shrapnol, ho wrote. Tho enemy was commencing to wav er under the steady succession of as saults. Fighting is often at such close rango that hand grenades nro em ployed most effectively. Tho pros enco of tlio latest French and English newspapers In tlio trenches, says tho correspondent shows that tlio allies' soldiers nro being kept informed.. CASH RESERVE INCREASED THROUGH RESERVE BANKS NKW YORK. Nov. 21. Tho ftnte nieut of the average condition of the clearing house banks mid trust com panies for the week shows that they hold .f 170,8110,310 reserve in excess of legal requirements. This is due to the new federal reserve bunking law. AMERICAN SHIP present in Valparaiso, met so much trouble in obtaining a change of rcg istry from tho German to tho Ameri can flag- that during the debate she was nicknamed "tho ship without a country." Her new owners nro tho Northern & Southern Steamship company, newly organized, and thus far the Sacramento is their only vessel. Af ter a transfer finally had been al lowed, irregularities were discovered in the signing of thu crew and she was held up as she was leaving port, until the formalities had been ful filled, The cargo of the Sacramento, which included besides coal, provis. ions mul ciijjiun room supplies, excited much comment at the time, but thu authorities were unable u pick any fluw in the explanations onVivd mid llm csrl wim ut last uivvM clearance. S FROM YALE BY SCORE 36 TO 0 Crimson Has Easy Victory Over Blue Bcfjln Scoring In First Period and Keep It Up Throe-shout Game Yale Struggles Desperately for a Score, Unable to Make Showing. NKW IIAVKN, Conn., Nov. 21. Harvard scored today her greatest triumph of moro than a quarter of a century over Yale in tho new Uluo "bowl." Flvo touchdowns brought the points to 30 to 0 In favor ot tho Crimson. Tho Harvard offense drovo Yale back for many yards, whllo tho dreaded Yale lateral pass was unablo to bring a Uluo score. Twlco Yalo stood almost under tho Harvard goal post, but could not produce a score The strength of tlio Harvard de fense was one of the most romnrkablo shown by a Crimson team In many years. Ono ot tho sensations was the appearance of Captain Drtcklcy In the fourth period. Urlckloy figured In the scoring by kicking a goal. Tho usual demonstration followed the end ot the game and It was singular that the three latest football edifices of Harvard, Princeton and Yale should hare received their dedication by de feats ot the home team. In Klmt Period Harvard won tho toss nnd elected to defend the south goal. Yalo gavo tho Crimson the kick-off and lluhan booted to Legore, who canio back 30 yards from the, seven-yard mark. Using Dradlee threo times and Mahan once, tho Crimson made a first down on tho 25-yard line. Urad leo hit the lino for flvo and Francko mado six on a fnko kick, then re peated for flvo moro and Qradlee on a delayed pass wont to tho five-yard line. Talbott threw a wing shift for n loss, but Hardwlck took a forward pass from Mahan and scored a touch down around llrann. Tho Crimson needed only 11 rushes to scoro from tho 377-yard lino. Hardwlck missed a hard goal. Scere: Harvard, C; Yale O. Second I'erhxl Ynle's left was nt onco attacked, Mahun skirting that end for succes sive runs ot 19 nnd 22. Then ho went through tho center for seven. Hrudleo nnd Francko mado ii first down on tho Hluo nlno yard line. On a delayed pass Mahan made six yards. There was n fumble on tho next play, tho ball rolling across tho lino. Francko fell on it for a touch down. Hardwlck missed goal. Score: Harvard. 12; Yale, 0. Yalo tried kicking oft this time. Harvard tried rushing again but Yuto forced a punt, Logoro running It back. Alnsworth mado flvo and Knowles three yards through tho lino. Klght rushes had yielded 39 yards, Knowles went to tho six yard mark. Then ho wns stopped at center and on tho next play fumbled. Coolldgu rocoverod nnd sprinted tho length ot tho field for tho third Harvard scoro. Hardwlck kicked this goal. 8core: Harvard, 19; Yalo, 0. Wnlden kicked off nnd Mahan camo back 20 yards to his thirty yard mark. From tho 40-yard mark Hardwlck mado seven, then Yalo hold. On' his third try, this tlmo from tho 25 yard mark. Mahan drop-kicked a goal, Scoio; Harvard? 32; Yulo, 0. Third 1'eilod Walden kicked off to Mahan on tho 10-yard lino. Mahan ran back 27 yards. Aftor two short gains Ma han punted mul Legore's return punt (Contlnuod on oano two.) CALIFORNIA STATE HAN 1'IIANCISCO, Cut., Nov. HI. ThoiiMHidi, uf I'liliforwlHHi iwpwl into Hun IViineUeo today to partici pate in the dedication of tb CUGr ilia building tit ike 1'hmm I'A4rl exposition. The wwwthndm I I'liMryti C tlHt w' wwi-iary, HARVARD WN ,4 t i 'i 4 'J i i 4