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About Lexington weekly budget. (Lexington, Morrow County, Or.) 188?-1??? | View Entire Issue (May 29, 1890)
LEXINGTON WEEKLY BUDGET. YOL. 2. LEXINGTON, MORROW COUNTY, OREGON, THURSDAY MAY 29, 1890. NO. 35. PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY EVENING BI SNOW & WHITSON. Terms of Subscription : On Year. M-W Biz Mouths, 50 cents, Invariably in advance. Rates or Advertising i On square (ten lines or leas), first Insertion 11.00; each subsequent Insertion, 50 cents. Special rates with regular advertisers. All transient advertisements must be paid for tu advance. Job Printing Of every description executed with neatness and dlspntch. JJ 1?. SHIPLEY, M. D., PRACTITIONER Of Medicine, Surgery & Midwifery, Registered. HEPrNER, OREGON. JjJ P. SINE, Attomey-at-Law and Notary Public, LEXINGTON, OREGON. Attorney for the North American Attorneys and Tradesmen's Protective Union of Connec ticut JjlRANK KELLOGG, Attorney-at-Law and Notary Public, HEPPNER, OREGON. Money to loan on Improved farms. Office in First National Bank. Q O. BOON, Constable and Collector, LEXINGTON, OREGON. Will attend to auctioneering. JJRS. KATE PABSELL, Notary Public and Conveyancer, ALTINE, OREGON. Deeds, Mortgages and all others Legal Instru ments car fully drawn. Applications for State and school Lauds made, and Peusions obtained JWANK H. SNOW, Land Agent and Notary Public, LEXINGTON, OREGON. Filings In ken on government laud. Real estate advertised and Bold on commission. New comers are invited to call and be tilled full of solid facts about the advantages of Morrow country. Office hours from 7 A. M. to midnight, Budget building. R. LIEUALLEN, General :-: Blacksmith And Horseshoer, Ig ALWAYS ON DECK AND PREPARED TO I do anything in his line In a neat and work manlike man ui; i. Horses shod with rare and accuracy. Shop on C St, Lexing oil. Or. G. W. BROCK, Wagon and Carriage Maker. REPAIRING DONK. Arcade Street, Bet. C and D, Islington. ... Oregon. ELKHORN Livery & Feed Stable NELSE MiGNUSON, Proprietor. LEXINGTON, OR. HORSES BOARDED BY THE DAY OR WEEK. outltl. Furnished for Commercial Men at Reasonable Rate. ALL KINDS OF TURNOUTS AND 8ADDLI UorivS at the. disposal of patron. OLYMPIAN SPORTS. MEN OF MUSCLE AS THEY WERE IN ANCIENT CREECE. Comparisons Between the Bouts of Oldeti Times and 8iinilar Events of a Later Day. The oft-quoted phrase of the Latin poet, "'Mens sana in corpora sano" a sound mind in a strong body expresses tersely the value of physical culture and the luterpendence of mental and physi cal strength. But the value of bodily strength and dexterity, great as it is, has In our day, especially, perhaps, la England, been somewhat exaggerated. Boys have been more anxious to be good oarsmen than good scholars, and to play In the cricket eleven or win the 100-yards race tiiau to be at the bead of their class. The- undue importance at tached to athletic prowess was doubt less the result of a reaction against the almost complete absence of the means of bodily training and exercise in the schools of a century or two ago. But the clear-sighted Greeks in this, as in so many other matters, drew distinctions of which we in later days have some what lost sight. Bodily exercises were classified by the Greeks in three groups: Gymnasts, agnostic, and athletic. Of all the public exhibitions of gym nastic exercises in ancient Greece the Olympic games were by far the most famous, says the San Francisco Chroni cle, and an account of them will serve to explain the nature of Greek sports. They were first established in lhe year 776 B. C, and were not finally discon tinued uutil about 400 A. D. They were held once in every five years at Olym pla, a small town in the province of El is on the western coast of the Morea. Men of distinction termed bellonodikss (judges of the Hellenes or Greeks), clad in purple robes, presided over the games. Noue but free-born Greeks were allowed 8CKAPING WITH A BTRIUBL. to offer themselves as competitors, and in order that noue might be kept away by war or political disturbances a gen eral truce belweeu all the cities of Greece was proclaimed and safe conduct to and from the games insured to all competitors. The first competition was a sprint race of 125 yards, aud to this were added from time to time wrestling, discus-throwing, boxiug, and chnriol raclng. The runniug track was called a stadium and was a little more than 600 feet in length. The original race was once up the course, but in time races of double the course wore added, and we hear of races twelve, twenty, or twenty-four-courses, the last making a distance of about 8.000 yards. There were short races for boys of half a course. As regards speed it is very doubtful whether the Greeks equaled the per formances of modern days. From what has been said of the fleshiness and gross ncss of athletes and from representations on vases, which show us men running with their arms spresd out lo increase tiieir speed, as the Uerm in commenta tors say quaintly enough we may fair ly conjecture I hat their performances weie moderate as reirards lime. The Greeks luul no menus of inking lhe time of races nl all accuriilely, and ran mere ly to see which competitor came in first, and not to beat records. Many instances of very long runs ar recorded in Greek history, but these are, of course, tests of wind and endurance and not of speed. As the runners wore no clothes it was impossible to distin guish them in any other way than by means of a herald, who proclaimed the name and city of each competitor as be advanced to the siartiug-post. The races were run in heats of four, and the man who drew a bye was thus often saved a heat. The winner of the final WKAHINO THE CESTU8. beat received the prize, there being no second or third premiums. For the wrestling the body was anointed with oil and to counteract the loo great tdipper iness sprinkled with snnd. This was done in special room of the gymnasi um called the konisterium, or sanding room All kinds of feinti and tricks were used In wrestling, and many things were permitted which modern rules do not allow. The contest was begun with the 1 competitors standing uprlgnt, but was continued after they were on the ground. A man was not defeated until he had been three times thrown. In the group shown in the cut one of the wrestlers has his leg twisted around the leg of his antagonist, and is forcing his right arm up. The third event was the throwing of the discus, a piece of iron or stone of circular shape, but of the weight of which we have no accurate means of judging. One specimen of a discus has indeed been found which weighs about four pounds, but we do not know whether it was intended for the use of boys, youtbs, or men, uy eacn or wuicn three classes of competitors disks of dif ferent weight was employed. The atti tude of a discus-thrower is very clearly shown in the famous statue, of which a cut is given, and every pose of which is enumerated in a passago of Statins, describing a contest of this kind. The distance to which a discus was thrown is also doubtful, though one author does mention of 100 cubits (150 feet) as a fine one. Javelin-throwing was performed at first with sharp-pointed spears and wag intended as a preparation for actual warfare, but in the latter times pointless spears were used. For throwing at a mark, however, it is probable that light spears with points were employed. Disc-throwing thus tested strength and distance of throw, and javelin-throwing accuracy of aim. The leaping wag probably what we now call the broad or long jump, for mention js made of a certain Phaylins who jumped "beyond the dug ground" (which wag turned up with a spade that the point reached by the jumper might be easily seen), clearing a distance of fifty feet. This was probably a stand ing jump, and ag the modern jumper can, with a run, clear only tweuty or WRESTLING ON FOOT. twenty-one feet, it is perfectly Incredi ble. To assist them in standing Jumps the Greeks carried in their hands piece of metal or dumb-bells. The five enumerated contests formed the Pentathlum or five-fold competition, and the prize, according to one authori ty, was awarded to him only who had been victorious in all. According to Mr. Mnhaffy victory in three contests wag sufficient, but it appears that sometimes the running and wrestling were omitted, snd it may have been on these occasions that three successes constituted a vic tory. The most dangerous sports of all re main to be considered, the boxing aud the pancratium. Greek boxers were not content to use the naked fists, but bound tiieir hands and wrists wilh leather thougs. Later on these thongs, which were termed mild or gentle, were studded with pieces of metal, and then the blows must have been frightful, though intentional killing of one's ad versary was not commended. It seems that though great skill, endurance, and courage must have been required for such contests the Greeks did not under stand the scientific principles of boxing. We read of a boxer getting up on his toes in order to deal a deadly blow upon the top of his adversary's bead, and a boxer was commonly spoken of as a man "with his cars crushed." A moat terrible contest is related by Pausaniag. Two boxers of great skill and strength could neither of them get at the other, aud therefore agreed to re ceive a blow turn and turn about. The first struck his adversary full on the top of the head, while the other drove his fingers into his adversary's stomach and pulled out his entrails. The dying man wag crowned victor on the ground that the five-fingered blow was a foul one. The pancratium, or complete combat, was a combination of boxing and wrest ling, and those who trained for it were termed paocratiasts. They did not wear thongs upon their hands, for these would have been hindrances in the wrestling, but all tricks of wrestling and boxing, except absolutely illicit ones, were permissible. Biting seems to have been the only means of violence which wag not employed, unless we except kicking, which was rendered of no avail by reason of the competitors wearing no shoes. After the competitors bad thrown each other the contest was continued on the ground, and sometimes the combat- PANCIUTIA8IS. anti were choked or bad their fingers or toea broken. The pancratium wag the lowest and most brutal of Greek sports and wag not in favor with the Spartans, who considered it, as well they might, an uneentlemanliks business. Of smaller and less violent exercises we may mention btill-plnying, which was much recommended by Greek phy sicians. It whs practiced by men, boys, women, and girls in a part of lhe gvm uasiuin specially reserved for it. The balls varied considerably in size and the rules for the various games were numer ous. Bathing whs much engaged in by the Greeks, and hot, cold, and vapor baths were attached to the gymnasia. After violent exercise the athletes scraped off the dust and oil wilh strigils or scrapers of metal or bone. The cut shows au athlele thus engaged. Warm balbs were taken in the public or private bath-hoiiBes as refreshment after the day's fatigue. The Olympic victor, in early times at any rate received very substantial re wards. He won a money prize of con siderable value and wns welcomed back to his native city as a hero and enter tained in its town hall by the dignitaries of the state. The great sculptors of the day executed his statue ami poets sang his praises In odes which in some in stances have become immortal. But in later days public opinion altered very much in this regard. The polished Greek came to virrue Intellectual strength more than physical, and to esteem men tal gymnastics more man uwliiy exer cise. The severe traiuiug for prize-winning became more aud more euacting and tended to usurp nn athlete's whole attention, to the exclusiou of more lib eral culture. Athletes fell Into disrepute iu much the game manner as professional run ners, boxers, and scullers have done at the present day. The athlete was ne match for the polished thrusts of the philosopher's wit, and his heaviness, dulness, and stupidity were a constant target for the comic poet's subtle humor. Another argument against ath leticism was tiie brutalizing tendency of such contests as the pancratrniu, in which the vanquished competitor was put to the humiliation of suing for mercy at the victor's hands. Finally we may sny that though the pancratiast at any rale was not much above the level of the modern prize fighter the Greeks contrived, by the combination of literary aud musical con-, tests with physical aud by the aid of scripture aud poetry, to throw around their games au uncqunled splendor. The greatest painters and sculptors found their models and the greatest poets their heroes among the competitors at the Olympic games. PRINCE BISMARCK. The Literary Tastes of tha Man of Blood and Iron. Although Bismarck is old and becom Ifig less strong, be still finds pleasure in his library, says Kdward W. Bok iu the Laities' Hume Journal for Decem ber. Hu is a fluent French and German scholar, and although lie hates the French people with au intensity that can hardly be emphasized in cold type, he is nn admirer of the realistic school of fiction writers. Of these he prefers Zola, but he is as often engrossed in the feuillcton of one of the French dailies as he is with a new book from the master's hands, lie lias a small aud valuable library. That portion of it devoted to political history and state craft is as valuable as any in Europe. The iron chancellor is quite a connois seur in books and has added without very much expense at any time to the small librarv that ha began to gather when a student. Ho is a good Greek and Latin scholar also, and often amu ses himself by translating from the original. He is not nearly so volumin ous a reader as Mr. Gladstone and is not always looking for a gem or some thing that will repay the persual of a stupid chapter. He once explained to a friend that the book must interest him at the beginning or lie would have nothing to do with it. Ho pays little or no attentioi- lo English or American literature, and, although many of the English and American men of letters have been presented to him, he is not well acquainted with their work. He possesses a well-tlmnilied copy of Whittier's poems and likes to spend an hour or so occasionally with "The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table." When gome great work lias appeared in either England or America and is translated into German Bismarck reads it, but it must be of surpassing interest to engage his attention. Of the Eu glish and American magazines and newspapers be knows but- little. The various representatives of Germany in Great Britain and the United States send to the German war office transla tions of everything bearing on German affairs, and these are tiled and proper ly indexed for reference, with copies of the original, but only occasionally does Bismarck feel sufficient interest in them to devote his own time to reading and studying up the subject. He pre fers German literature and German music, and he can not bo blamed per hapg for not patronizing letter when he is such an ardent believer in state craft and warfare. Ho is a profound student of sociology, and a philosopher as well, and one of the rules of his life has been not to undertake what ha could not accomplish. He unhesitat ingly pleads ignorance of American men of letters, but is always willing to learn. Humble ugliness does not make a weed, nor does beauty prevent the name from being deserved. An in stance in point is cited: The blue ageratum, which is a cherished border flower, but which, transported to Ceylon by an English lady, has there become, in truth, a weed, so rapidly running wild in the island that it now cost over a million and a quarter dol lars annually to keep it down in the cof fee plantations. To the small boy who has to wear his father's made-over apparel, life Beeuw one dreary expnnts. The Wind ol'a Cannon Ball. Sir Robert Rawlinson.K. C. B., sends us the following striking narrative: "On the morning of the 10th of June, 1855, I was riding in company with some military officers on their way to the trenches before Sebastopol, and entering the ravine known as 'The Valley of the Shadow of Death,' when in the act of turning round to go back was swept down with my horsa by a 42-pound Russian steel shot. The shot passed in front of me, from left to right, cutting the reins out of my left baud aud passing through the thin jacket under my right arm. I had in my right hand trousers pocket a small leather purse with a steel rim to it and a little silver in it. This purse bruised the strong cloth of the pocket and my flannel shirt, as also the crest of the pelvis. My own impression was that the shot had struck me full iu the abdomen, and that I was cut in two. I fainted and my wound bled copious ly, aud I was taken to the nearest tem porary hospital. Now, as to the wind of this shot. It could have had nothing to do witli my wound. As explained, the shot traversed across tho abdomen aud met wilh nothing solid but the purse and money in my pocket, and the contact was siillieient to break the strong cloth of the pocket under the purse not above it the flannel shirt, and the flesh ami bone of the pelvis. And remember, so slight must have been the touch of the shot on my clothes that they were not abraded or marked; the thin summer coat being perforated, but the outer edge not broken. How could the wind perform this freak P The full front force of this shot,if only 1,000 feet per second, would have a striking power of about 40,000 pounds; but, cannoning on me in front, the force or blow might be only equal to a severe blow by a man striking below the belt. If this shot had passed over auy mora solid portion of the body, aa the head or the baek.sudden death would have been tho result; but as it barely touched the clothes upon the abdomen the effect lessened. At all events, I was severely wounded by a forty-two-poiind rouuil shot, and most certainly not by the wind of it; and by reasou of the grand surgery of the late Sir James Fergus sou I am now alive to tell the tale." A medical correspondent quotes Prof. Sir T. Louemore upon the matter thus! Tho time explanation of tho appear ances presented in those cases which were formerly called "wind contu sions" appears to rest in the peculiar direction or degree of obliquity wilh which the missile has happened to im pinge against the yielding aud clastic, skin, together with the positiou of the internal organs injured between this missile and other hard substances in tiieir neighborhood. The sucfiteo itself is not directly torn or cut into, because the impact of the projectile has not been sullieimitly direct to effect an opening; but the parts beneath are crushed by the pressure to which they have been sulijecled between the com bined influence of the weight and mo mentum of the shot on one side and of some hard resisting substance ou the other, 1'utl Mull Gazelle, The Itcnutles of Andalusia. As regards her statue and mold, the Audalusian girl is almost invariably a petite brunette, and although not all are plump, and many are too stout, the majority have exquisitely symmetri cal tapering limbs, well-developed busts (flat-chested women aro almost unknown in Spain), and tho most dainty and refined hands and feet. Re garding these feet Guiltier makes the most astounding assertion, that "with out any poetic exaggeration it would be easy here in Seville to lind women whose feet an infant might hold in its hands. A Frunch girl of 7 or 8 could not wear the shoes of an Andulusian of 20." I am glad to attest that, if the feet of Sevillian women really were so monstrously small fifty years ago, they are so no longer. It is discouraging to see a man like Guiltier fall into the vulgar error of fancying that, because a small foot is a thing of beauty, there fore the smaller the foot the more beautiful it must bo. Beauty of feet, hands, and waists is a matter of pro portion, not of absolute size, aud too small feet, hands, and waists are not beautiful, but ugly. We might as well argue that, since a man's foot ought to be larger than a woman' therefore the larger his foot the more he has of manly beauty. If Andulusian womeu really had feet so small that a baby might hold them In its hands, they would not be able to walk at all, or, at least, not gracefully. But it is precisely their graceful gait and carriage for which they are most framed aud ad mired. All Spanish women are graceful as compared with the women of other nations, but among them all the Andal usiansare pre-eminent in the poetry of motion, and this is probably the reason that, although regular facial beauty is perhaps commoner in Madrid than in Seville, I found that you can not pay a greater compliment to a girl in North era Spain than by asking her if she Is an Andulusian. It would be useless to seek among the land animals for a gait comparable to that of the women of Seville, Cadiz, Malaga, and Granada; and when you compare it to the motion of a swan on the water, a fish in the watc", a bird in the air, it is the birds and the fishes that must feel compli mented. Henry T. i'iniek in Scrilmer. "My lad," remarked Judge Spencer to the little boy who had Just taken the witness stand, "do yon understand the nature of an oathf" "Yes, sir; I was In i pap's office yesterday when his coal bill I wag presented." "Mr. Clerk, enroll tut witness." St. Joievh Him. THE HAIR AND THE NAILS. The Styles In Englimil Tha French and the Knirllsh Way of Trimming tha Nails. The style of wearing all the hair od top of the bend Is dying out. Many fashionable wo meu are wearing their hair la a loose knot, low on the neck. This is a revival of the style of hair dressing of ten years ago. Mrs. Langtry intro duced it and made it popular. The the lanqtrv knot, fashion 1 a g t e d three years; but it is doubtful whether it will last three years this time. Hair dressers prophesy that it won't last otie. The "Langtry knot" is worn to advant age by young women wilh shapely beads, pretty hair, and plenty of It. A bunch of bright hair looks pretty enough be neath the big, fashionable, romantio looking hats. Lndy Claud Hamilton al ways wears ber hair low on her neck in a loose knot. But her hairdresser gays she has a lot of lovely hair and a per fectly haped head. A small quantity of hair never looks so meagre or miserable as when it is twisted up into a button ana worn under a large hat. Mid dle aged women with none too much hair can Bet Wi off they wearinu Loopi and rolls of arti ficial hair can he cunningly arrang ed among the real hair, and worn with a sense of security on top of the head, tub Grecian knot. but not on the neck. The sketches were made at Mrs. Carniichael'g, the hair dresser snd manicure of Conduit street. The "Grecian" knot is founded on Mary Anderson's style of bairdresalng, but is softer, piettier, and more elabor ate. The half of the hair nearest the bead has to be crippled, the other half is left straight and twisted into a ring, and artificial curls are stuck In the mid dle. A Uuffv fringe is worn in front. Fringes are as popular ng ever. The artiBt has sketched a couple of the nails of the period. One in the En glish style, the other the French. The rounded nail is English, the pointed one French. These two styles are admirably gym nlicul of the s ylo and conver sation of tha wearer. The Eu tilish woman rounded and pleasant; lhe French wo man remarkably poiuled. The proper length of the little ringer nail in the poiuled style is about a qu itter of an Inch. I 'alt Mall (j.uette. Jefriluvls' Iteinarkalile Memory. Jefferson Davis had a memory for faces aud names that lias probably never been excelled by that of any public man iu the United Slates. It has been said of Gen. Sherman that when he meets a man who was Intro duced to him twenty years previously he will recall his name and the circum stances of the Introduction, and will talk over the incidents of their first meeting. Both Grant and Lee posses sed to n great degree the name faculty of remembrance, but neither Sherman, nor Grant, nor Lee could do what Mr. Davis did. At his ollieo iu Richmond, as President of the Southern Confeder acy, and iu his visits to Hie front of the army, lie treasured up iu bis memory the names of every olllecr and soldier with whom he came into contact, and he never forgot lliem. While he was at his lieauvoir plantation last winter there cumo to him a uoruout and broken-dovvu man who nimbi a claim ou his charily as having been K l.ieiilen ant in a certain Mississippi regiment. Davis taxed his memory u moment, aud then told the applicant' thai hi: was a fraud, and that a man bearing an en tirely different name was iho Lieuten ant of lhe company which the mendic ant hail specified. The beggar made a quick exit from the housti, and was never seen around it again. J'hiltttlri phia Jiiiutnr. The Weight of Drupe. iSoytnoiid has lately published an in teresting article on the weight of drops, it is well known that the weight de pends upon the exterior diameter of the dropjriug tube, the interior diameter having no influence except upon the velocity of the flow. The nature of the liquid determines tho weight, whatever may bo the propor tion of the dissolved material it may contain. Boymond used a droper of oue-eigl.Ui of an inch in diameter ami determined the weight by a very deli cate balance. The mean of bis results gave: For 15 grains of distilled water, 20 drops; alcohol of GO degrees, 62 drops; alcoholic tinctures from 60 to 90 degrees, 5,') to (il drops; ethereal tincture, Hi drops; fatty oils, about 4H dros; violate oils, 50 drops, aqueous solutions, whether diluted or saturated, 'M drops; wine, 8U to 8i drops, and hiudaiiiini, about .111 to 35 drops. liuujran'a Hook. The "Pilgrim's Progress" hits been translated into Amharic.the language of Abyssinia. The book ban now been translated into eighty-four languages. what little WVXSSrar have best by mS&f 4 ng It on top. i and bows W?W? B ? J