The Hermiston herald., September 01, 1921, Image 2

X-Ray Tube Is
Aid to Science
Or. Lillienfeld Discovers Principle
That Puts Roentgenology
on New Plane.
EXPERTS PLEASED W ITH* IT
Scientists Who Have Experimented
W ith New Tube Believe W ith Doc­
tor Lilienfeld T hat It Makes
Roentgenology Exact Science.
New York.—By tlie Invention of an
X-ray tube bused on u comparatively
simple principle, roentgenology prom­
ises, for the first time since Roentgen
discovered the mysterious ruys that
bear his name, u quarter of u century
ugo, to be an exact science. The In­
ventor Is Dr. Julius Lillienfeld, pro­
fessor of physics at the University of
Leipzig, lie is also iiiventor of the
X-ray tube that has been in general
Use In Europe for the lust decade, and
which from now ou will lie superseded
by hts more recent discovery. Ex­
perts who huve experimented with It
believe as he does.
Doctor Lillienfeld is In New York,
having arrived from Europe a few
weeks ago. He has already given a
public demonstration of his new tube
In the presence of Prof, George Pe­
gram and Professor Duvls at the de­
partment of physics of Columblu uni­
versity and before the New York
Roentgen society.
Doctor Lillienfeld explained the
principles of Ids Invention to u Times
teporter. He suid hts discovery was
not only of Interest to the medical pro­
fession and physicists, but to makers
of wireless and all audion apparatus
and amplifying devices.
"In order to explain the (irinclple of
this new tuts*," said Doctor Lillienfeld,
"it will be necessary to recapitulate
the history of X-ray tubes and to tell
the manner in which X-rays are gener­
ated.
ing the electrons, which. In turn, flew
to and impigned upon the anode or tar­
get, from which they were tlirowu off
us X-rays which penetrated the glass
tube and scattered.
"The method of producing X-rays
by the gas tube did not prove satis­
factory.
"In lu ll I made my first tube on a
new principle. There was absolute
vacuum In the tube, and I got the elec­
trons out of the cathode by means of
applying heat to It. With the combi­
nation of the heated cathode and the
extremely high vacuum, the electrons
would fly to the anode, or target,
where they were given off as X-rays.
"In 1913, Coolidge, In this country,
applied the same Idea to the tube now
in general use here.
,
New Method Discovered.
"Two years ago I discovered a new
method of effecting the release of the
electrons from the cathode.
This
method has nothing In common with
either of the two older ones. I start­
ed the electrons from a cold, unheated
cathode in the presence of a high elec­
tro-static field. This actually pulls the
electrons out of the cathode. The sec­
ond distinctive characteristic of the
new method Is the shape of the ca­
thode. I use a sharp-pointed or sharp-
edged one, on the theory that the lines
of electric force are concentrated on
the sharp point or edge of the
cathode. This proved to be the case
In actual practice and the electron*
were readily pulled out. I might add
that in this method the electrodes
(cathode und anode) are brought very
Closely together.
"The application of the principle Is
not limited to the production of X-
rays. It can be applied to all ampli­
fying anil audion devices and for gen­
erating electro-magnetic waves for
wireless. The tube is less expensive
than the heated ones because It con­
tains no hot filaments and, therefore,
no transformer Is needed to supply
h ea t”
Majestic, the Largest Ship in the World
Lay Bandit’s Career
to Slant in Skull
Tacoma, Wash.—Roy Gard­
ner, mail train robber, In the
federal penitentiary after two
very sensational escapes from
guards, may be operated on to
"reform" him. according to
"Mother McColl, woman agent
of the Department of Justice.
“I want to be operated on and
lead the life God Intended me
to lead," Gardner told Mrs. Mc­
Coll.
"Gardner Is a wonderful speci­
men of manhood," Mrs. McColl
continued. "His tendency to
crime is caused by a deflection
of the cranium, aud It (s possi­
ble that surgical care will elim­
inate It.
“He Is to be X-rayed, and the
physician at the prison will
send to Los Angeles for X-ray
plates which are said to show
the seat of bis trouble.”
Where Railroads
Are Not Wanted
*1
This picture, based on the builder’s drawings. Is the first to be published of tlie world's biggest ship—the Majes­
tic, now being completed at Hamburg. The Majestic registers 56.000 tons—about 50 times as large as any of the
packet ships of a century ago and nearly equal to the entire tonnage of tlie 132 ships which formed the famed Spanish
armada. Its dimensions; length overall, 956 fe e t; breadth, 100 fe e t; draft, 40 feet. It will accommodate 3,536 pas­
sengers, and will carry a crew of 1,200. Turbine engines d rive four screws and the boilers are heated by oil flame.
Will Use Lethal
Gas on Convidts
Nevada Law Provides Peculiar
Form of Execution for Men
Convicted of Murder.
CHAMBER IN NEW PRISON
use of the law. We are not a very
populous state and we have no one
waiting the death penalty. For this
reason we are not making great haste
In getting ready for executions which
may not occur for many years.
The ticklish Job of providing the
conveniences for sending a human be­
ing across the great divide by lethal.-
gas has been assigned to the state
architect. He must build a chamber
in which the victim may be housed
while the watchers and witnesses pro­
vided by law are present while he is
put to death. As Is well known in
connection with the lethal gases used
during the war, the slightest diffusion
of these elements caused widespread
havoc.
It is not possible to build a cham­
ber which Is relatively hermetically
sealed, because it will not permit that
the provision of the law be carried
out.
Neither Is a glnss chamber
feasible. The likelihood Is that the
death chamber will be so built that
the gases will be blown away
from tlie necessary witnesses and
watchers If any fumes should escape.
Lightning Photographs
Tree on Boy’s Back
Eastman, Ga.—Struck by a
bolt of lightning, Travis, young­
est son of J. J. Grimsley, lives
and Is carrying on his back a
photograph of a cedar tree.
The boy was sitting In a
swing on the front porch of hls
home when a flash shattered a
cedar tree a few feet from the
house.
The current passed
through the boy's body, render­
ing the youth unconscious. He
recovered In a few minutes and
members of the family found a
photographic plate of a tree on
hls back.
Jakle Burch, fifteen, son of 0.
C. Burch, was also struck by
lightning. A round hole was
burned In hls cap. He was un­
conscious for only a few min­
utes
Itself Is no more exclusive than brood­ State Architect Ordered to Plan Cham­
ber Where Witnessee In Safety
ing, suspicious Kabul, the capital of
May See Man Die— Some Say
this Isolate, unfriendly realm of
Method le Cruel and
fanatic tribes, of rocks, deserts, Irri­
gated valleys, and towering unsur-
Barbarous.
What Electrons Are.
veyed ranges.
Carson City, Nev.—In this capital
"Let us begin with the electron: It
“For reasons of foreign policy, the
Is the smallest known component of
amir has long left the necessity of city of Nevada they are building a
mutter and Is always associated with
secluding his little-known land to the new state penitentiary which will con­
an unvarying unit charge of negative
greatest
possible extent from the out­ tain a lethal gas chamber for the exe­
electricity. The atom of hydrogen is Believed That Policy of Absolute Isola­ side world. Only a few Europeans, cution of condemned criminals.
be administered In the subsequent
tion From Rest of World Long
Under a law passed at the recent
the smallest atom known. Yet an
mostly Rrltlsh, but occasionally also
slumber. The claim that no gas can
Followed by Moslem Kingdom
electron Is but 1-2000 part of the hy­
an American and now and then a few session of the state legislature all per­
be administered without awakening
Is to Be Modified.
drogen atom. These electrons are al­
Russians or Germans, have had per­ sons condemned to death In this state
the sleeper Is disputed.
ways In motion. It Is supposed by
mission to come into this country and must be killed by the administration
World-wide Interest has already
Washington.—The arrival In Wash­ to sojourn for a while in Its curious of lethal gas.
some thut chemical atoms consist of
focused upon the state with Its vast
Tlie laws affecting the death pen­
collections of electrons huving orbital ington of un envoy from Afghanistan, capital. Rut even on such rare occa­
area and Its small population on ac­
motions In a sphere of positive elec­ now perhnps the most mysterious sions as when n foreign engineer, or alty have been out of the ordinary In
count of this extraordinary death pen­
trification. Dlliers ascribe them to country In the world, seeking the rec­ a doctor whose survlces are badly this state for a number of years past
alty. Students of prison reform are
Absolutely Painless.
ognition
of
Ills
home
land
and
the
es­
disturbance of the ether.
needed, Is admitted by the grace of Under certain restrictions the con­
divided concerning the humanity ol
It
Is
anticipated
the
gas
will
be
ad­
“An electron striking nny nintter, tablishment of diplomatic relations the amir, the visitor Is subject to a demned criminal has been able to ministered much as gus Is adminis­ the measure. Its application will be
target or surface produces X-rays. with the United States, seems to In­ surveillance that amounts almost to choose his own method of execution. tered to a patient In a dental chair watched with exceptional Interest by
The electrons must have speed, and, dicate that the policy of absolute Isola­ Imprisonment.
The last man to die at the hands of or to a person preparing for a surgical scientific organizations and colleges.
«
Indeed, they move with Incredible ra­ tion from the rest of the world long
“No ambassadors or ministers, not the state was one Mlrcovich, who, In operation. In other words, It will be
There Is little likelihood, however,
pidity. They are negatively charged followed by this Mosleiii kingdom Is even missionaries, nre permitted to the Innguage of Gov. Emmet D.
that
Nevada will permit the execution
a
form
of
anesthesia,
and
the
admin­
particles of electricity.
There are to he modified. Llglif on conditions reside In this forbidden Moslem land. Boyle, “accepted shooting.” The con­ istrator will probably be an expert to become a public show. Executions
three factors, therefore, connected 111 this little-known region Is shown
demned
man
was
seated
In
a
chair
"Today no other monarch anywhere
anaesthetlciac chosen from among are not popular In Nevada. There Is
with the production of X-rays. They by the following communication to the wields such undisputed authority or In the prison yard with his back to
physicians or male nurses. Those who a very active sentiment against carry­
National
Geographic
society
from
are electron, motion and the target."
wall. A diagram was fixed upon favor this method of dealing death de­ ing out the death penalty. Since the
Is In closer touch with the everyday
Doctor Lillienfeld pointed to a knife Frederick Slmplch and Haji Mirza life of Ills subjects. He personally his clothing. A company of men were clare It ¡8 absolutely painless. Most state was admitted to the Union only
Hussein :
blade.
runs his country’s religion, Its foreign engaged to shoot at the living target.
“The buffer state of Afghanistan, affairs, and he even supervises much All the riflemen were expert marks­ of the advocates of the measure be­ six men have been condemned to
"The electrons associated with that
lieve that the condemned criminal death, and of these only two were al­
piece of metal,” he coutluued, "are be­ historic shock-absorber between Great of Its commerce. He also owns and men.
As they entered the prison should be given a sleeping potion In lowed
to
be
executed.—Arnold
Britain
ami
Russia
In
Middle
Asia,
neath Its surface and are retained
censors the only newspaper printed In yard they were handed loaded weap­ his food and that the lethal gas should Kruckman In New York World.
there by some superficial force.
To years ago put up a 'Keep Out’ sign, a all Afghanistan.
ons. Some of the guns contained
produce X-rays we must get the elec­ ‘This Means You’ warning, to all white
blanks and others were loaded with
“From
the
World
war,
though
he
trons out of the nietnl through the co­ men and Christians. 'She land Is took no active part In it, the amir steel bulleted shells. No member of
operation of some additional force. ‘posted’—to use a poacher’s p h r a se-
emerged with singular profits. Ills old the firing squad knew what his rifle
Ris-ntgen used gas molecules, which posted against trade and concession and once rlvnl neighbors, Grent Brit­ contained.
were Imprisoned In his glass tube In hunters, against missionaries, and
Death Was Instantaneous.
ain and Russia, drawn together as al­
a partial vacuum, to get the electrons against nil military and political hunt­
After the single crash of the volley
lies
In
the
world
conflict,
left
him
a
out of the metal, which, In this case, ers In particular.
free hand, and In 1919 Great Britain that snuffed out the forfeited life It
"Keep Out” Sign Up.
was the cathode by which the electric
officially recognized the political In­ was found the figure “8” traced on
current leaves, in contradistinction to
“And the ’Keep Out’ sign Is still up.
dependence of this much-buffeted buf­ his breast had been perfectly per­
SAKHAUH
the anode by which the electric cur­ Today the foreigner Is no more wel­
fer state, to whose rulers she had so forated by the bullets, which were
rent enters, a vessel. The molecule come In Afghanistan than he wns a
found to have plugged the back of
long paid a fat annuity.
<
of gas Impigucd ou the cathode free­ hundred years ago. Forbidden Lliasn
the chair on which he sat. The chair
“With an area of 245.000 squnre
of the state's “shooting gallery” Is
miles, Afghanistan Is, next to Tibet,
fJAPAM
one of the gruesome objects of curi­
tlie largest country In the world that
osity which you can see In the old
Is practically closed to the citizens of
prison yard. The figure “8” Is very
other nations. Rut political life at
accurately outlined In the wood where
wary, alert Kabul Is In sharp contrast
the bullets lodged after they sped
to the meditative seclusion and classic
through the human body.
aloofness of the pious lainns at
'rtlUPPtNClJ
Those who witnessed the execution
Lhasa.
Atnlr
Anifinullah
Khan,
sny that death was practically Instan­
through his ngents In India and else­
taneous. The physicians believe that
where, Is in close touch with the
shooting is the quickest, least painful
world’s current even ts; and, as the
and most humane method of execution.
Inst remaining Independent ruler of
The new law has precipitated much
a Moslem country, now that the pow­
discussion. There are many lawyers
er of the Caliph at Stamboul Is bro­
In Nevada who hold that a criminal
ken, lie wields a far-reaching Influence
may not be legnlly executed by lethal
FUI U-
throughout the Mohai iniednn world;
gas. They say It Is unconstitutional
also, because his land happens to II
because It violates the constitutional
Just as It does on the map of th
\U 5 T R A U A
prohibition against cruel, barbarous
world. It Is plain that for a long time
and unusual punishment.
There Is
to come he will be an active force In
sufficient weight to this contention In
the political destinies of middle Asia
the minds of the members of the
Wives Distributed as Gifts.
prison board so that they have care­
NEW ZEALAND
"From the Persians the Afghans got fully preserved the gallows for such
the Idea of marrying more than one use as may be necessary.
wife; but, like the Persians, too, they
G ot . Emmet D. Boyle, head of the
have found, to their dismay, that state, who signed the bill making the
polygamy Is nowndays more expensive lethal gas execution legal, holds that
A—By the treaty of Versailles Ger­
D—Mandate* over the Caroline and
than exciting. »
»
It Is perfectly feasible and constitu­ man rights In the Chinese province of Marshall Islands were awarded to Ja­
••Sometimes, when the amir wants tional.
Shantung were transferred to Japan. pan by the allied supreme council. The
to favor his faithful officials with
"There are a number of lethal The United States senate adopted a American delegation to the peace con­
presents, or perhaps to play practical gases that may be employed." he told reservation In the treaty withholding ference did not contest these assign­
Jokea In certain cases, he distributes me. "Any will produce practically American acquiescence In this trans­ ments.
women among them ; but these ’glfta’ Instant death. I satisfied, myself thor­ fer. China refused to sign the treaty
E—Guam Is the most Important
often prove so troublesome that no oughly concerning this phase of the because of It.
American naval base In the western
great degree of gratitude Is apparent proposition before I signed the bill.
B—Japanese forces are still occupy­ half of the Pacific.
among the recipients.
I am convinced that this me’hod of ing parts of the Siberian coast prov­
F—Hawaii Is the most Important
-Amir llnblbullah Khan (who waa execution can be simply administered inces. Japan has also occupied the
assassinated In 1919) had a harem of and will be effective.
north or Russian half of the Island of American base In tbe middle Pacific.
G—The Philippines, an exposed
over 100 women, and among these,
Sakhalin.
Uae M echanical Methods.
strangely enough, were a few Euro­
C—Yap la the Important cable sta­ American outpost in the Far East,
“The gss will be administered by
peans. The present amir, Amauullah some person designs ted by the war­ tion Islet, a mandate over which was can be held only if the United States
Khan has but one wife.
•
den. It will he administered by me­ Irregularly awarded to Japan by the can maintain a fleet In the Pacific
"The trade of Afghanistan la moved chanical methods. The execution by allied supreme council. President Wil­ based on Hawaii and Guam.
The Avlutlon Club of Chicago Is tasking a ile«|»ernte effort to secure ein-
ploymeu.’ for ex-soldiers, sailors aud marines. At the 1‘rlncess theater four entirety by caravans and Is largely In this method will not he painful.
H ^The German part of New Guinea
son had made a reservation on Yap and
ex servile men occupied a box upon which wns a sign stating that Uie men the hands of Hindus amt Tadjiks.
“I do not think, however. It Is re­ the United States has not Relinquished was assigned to Australia.
were looking for work. A speaker appealed to the audience to try aud secure There la not a mile of railroad In the lated In any respect to the abolition Its right to participate In the dlspoal-
I—The German portion of the Samoa
work for these patriots. Many of the audience were moved to tears and those kingdom, the amir fearing that steel of the death penalty.
tlon of theae former German poaaes- Islands was assigned to New Zealand.
w ho could not offer any suggestions as to whore work could I* secured offered highways would make Isolation Impos­
"No actual steps have yet been slona. turned over by Germany to the
J—Wake Island, which belongs to
sible.
~ <
money to (he lueu.
the United States.
taken to provide the facilities for the five allied and associated powers.
Afghanistan Years Ago Put Up
“ Keep Out.” “ This Means
You” Warning.
SEND ENVOY TO WASHINGTON
SOME OF BIG QUESTIONS IN PACIFIC
Trying to Get Jobs for Ex-Fighters