Gresham outlook., August 28, 1914, Page 15, Image 15

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have cost approxim ately $8,000 per mile
for the five miles of its length, includ
ing tho cost o f con stru ctin g a wagon
road and telephone equipm ent. O ther
H AT the v shaped tim ber flume is flumes are cited costing from $2,000 to
a more effic ie n t type th an the box $7,500 a mile.
or square-sided form is one of the
eonclusions reached by the D epartm ent
JU NIPER WOOD TO REPLACE
o f A gricu ltu re in a b u lletin ju s t issued
CEDAR FOR PENCILS.
on flum es and flum ing. The V-shaped
F T E R a long series of experim ents,
wooden flume requires less w ater and,
conducted w ith th e co-operation of
on the average, less rep airs th an th e
fo u r large m an u factu rers, th e For
o th er type, is b e tte r adap ted to act ns
est Service o f th e D epartm ent of A g ri­
a slide on steep grades, and o ffers fewer culture has reached th e decision th a t
chances for jam s. Concerning a third
ju n ip er is th e most av ailab le su b stitu te
ty p e, th e “ se c tio n a l’’ m etal flume, fo r red cedar fo r use in pencil making.
sem i circu lar in form, th e prediction is In pursuance of this, arran g em en ts are
m ade th a t it will come in to wide use. now being m ade, by some of th e larg
¡Such a flum e is strong and light, and est companies, fo r lum ber rig h ts in the
can be quickly tak en ap art and tran s ju n ip er lands in New M exico and other
po rted from one place to another to be places. The present o u tp u t of pencils
s e t up again.
in th is country am ounts to 1,000,000
W hen building flum es a good plan, daily, while it requires 7,000,066 cubic
says th e d ep artm en t, is to erect a small feet of wood a year to allow for this
saw m ill at or n ear the upper end of Ihe production. The F o rest Service and the
flum e location to saw out th e lumber m an u factu rers have boen w orried for
needed for construction. Suca m aterial some tim e o v er the lum ber stiu atio n , as
can be floated down th e flam e as fast th e supply of cedar is dim inishing
as th e la tte r is b u ilt and used fo r fu r rapidly. H ard woods could be used but
th e r extension.
for the fa c t th a t few pencil users ever
F o r handling railroad cross ties, cants, carry sharp knives.
poles, eordwood and th e like, a flum e
w ith th e sides of th e V 30 inches in
SHADE TREES FOR THE FARM.
h eig h t is larg e enough. F o r handling
H A D E trees about a farm home add
logs, piling, long tim ber or brailed
much to th e beauty, com fort and
saw ed lum ber a h eight of from 40 to
sale value o f th e place. B etter have
60 inches is recommended. Tho best
a few cotton woods th an no trees, b u t it
angle fo r th e V is p n t a t 90 degrees.
Proposed flum e lines ought to be su r­ is not necessary to depend on the co t­
veyed as carefu lly as a line fo r a lo g ­
ging railroad, to ensure evenness of
grade. G rades should be k ep t below
15 per cent w herever possible, and the
b est results are obtain ed w ith grades b e ­
tw een 2 and 10 per cent.
A b ru p t cu rv atu res in a flum e should
be avoided, fo r th ey are likely to cause
jam s. C urves should rarely be perm itted
to exceed 20 degrees. I t may be neces­
sa ry to b last out rocks and boulders,
or projectin g points of b lu ffs, or to
tre stle , or even tunnel, to elim inate
a b ru p t curves or m aintain an even
grade.
Telephones are recommended as ad
jn n e ts to th e operation of a flume. By
th e ir use a serious break or jam can be
rep o rted im m ediately to the head of the
flum e to p rev en t fu rth e r shipm ent of
m aterial. A telephone also m akes it
possible to n o tify th e men a t th e upper
end of the flum e ju s t w hat m aterial to
ship and when to ship it.
A flum e recen tly b u ilt on R ochat
Creek, n ear St. Jo e, Idaho, is cited as a
good exam ple of m odern V shaped
flum e construction. T his flum e, which
is unusually large and b u ilt to handle
heavy logs and long tim bers, is said to
Timber Flumes
T
A
X
S
11
tonwoods and th e in fe rio r Carolina
poplar. W hy not p la n t some of the
slo’S’“’ grow ing b u t more perm anent
species and have th e pleasure of w atch
ing them develop? M any trees from the
follow ing list are ad apted to irrig ated
land up to 5000 feet elevation. A num
box o f these planted about tho buildings
and along th e drives, se ttin g them in
groups ra th e r th a n in rows, will give
c h aracter to the farm home and will
overcome th e cheerless aspect so com
inon in some places.
A m erican and cork elms, linden, burr
oak and pin oak, soft m aple. N orw ay
maple, green ash. w hite ash, black ash,
honey and black locusts, European
w hite birch, Russian olive, m ountain
ash, black w alnut. Rocky M ountain red
cedar, Colorado blue spruce.
N early three million young trees
being set out th is spring on th e
tional forests of n orthern Idaho
M ontana. On th e St. Jo e national
est in Idaho th ree thousand acres
be planted.
are
na­
and
for
will
The S tate of P ennsylvania celebrates
two arb o r days each y e a r—one for
spring p lan tin g and one fo r th e fall— in
A pril and O ctober respectively.
On the Deerlodge national forest io
M ontana one lookout statio n has the
record of rep o rtin g accurately, by dis
tanco and direction, a fire th a t was
six ty miles away.
Peach Tree Borer
BOARDING th is pest of peach grow ­
ers over tho country, George M.
L ist, of th e Colorado A gricultural
College, has th e follow ing to say:
“ The larvae live betw een the b ark
and wood a littlo below tho surface of
the ground in a mass of gum and woody
m aterial. I t is a soft w hitish c a te rp il­
lar w ith a reddish brow n head. The egg
from which th is hatches is laid on the
trunk of th e tree at or near the surface
of the ground by a handsome day flying
moth. The larv ae a fte r hatching r a t
through into the inner bark aud sapwood
or tru n k or large roots, upon which they
feed, causing a gummy exudation. They
feed in this way for about a year, often
alm ost girdling a large root of the tree.
When the larv ae are full grown they
construct eoeoons of the gummy exuda­
tion, th eir easting and silk, about an
inch below the surface of the ground,
where about th ree or four weeks later
they change to moths. A lthough there
is but one generation in a season, the
moths are present most of the summer.
The larvae reach m a tu rity i t d iffe re n t
tim es, thus keefiing up alm ost a con­
s ta n t supply of adults.
Tho most satisfacto ry m ethod of con­
trol has been to go over the trees
dig out all the larvae once in the spring
and again in early fall. T heir presence
is easily detected by the gummy exuda­
tion on the crown and large roots.
1
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