HOME AND FAh’M MAGAZINE SECTION
have cost approxim ately $8,000 per mile
for the five miles of its length, includ
ing tho cost o f con stru ctin g a wagon
road and telephone equipm ent. O ther
H AT the v shaped tim ber flume is flumes are cited costing from $2,000 to
a more effic ie n t type th an the box $7,500 a mile.
or square-sided form is one of the
eonclusions reached by the D epartm ent
JU NIPER WOOD TO REPLACE
o f A gricu ltu re in a b u lletin ju s t issued
CEDAR FOR PENCILS.
on flum es and flum ing. The V-shaped
F T E R a long series of experim ents,
wooden flume requires less w ater and,
conducted w ith th e co-operation of
on the average, less rep airs th an th e
fo u r large m an u factu rers, th e For
o th er type, is b e tte r adap ted to act ns
est Service o f th e D epartm ent of A g ri
a slide on steep grades, and o ffers fewer culture has reached th e decision th a t
chances for jam s. Concerning a third
ju n ip er is th e most av ailab le su b stitu te
ty p e, th e “ se c tio n a l’’ m etal flume, fo r red cedar fo r use in pencil making.
sem i circu lar in form, th e prediction is In pursuance of this, arran g em en ts are
m ade th a t it will come in to wide use. now being m ade, by some of th e larg
¡Such a flum e is strong and light, and est companies, fo r lum ber rig h ts in the
can be quickly tak en ap art and tran s ju n ip er lands in New M exico and other
po rted from one place to another to be places. The present o u tp u t of pencils
s e t up again.
in th is country am ounts to 1,000,000
W hen building flum es a good plan, daily, while it requires 7,000,066 cubic
says th e d ep artm en t, is to erect a small feet of wood a year to allow for this
saw m ill at or n ear the upper end of Ihe production. The F o rest Service and the
flum e location to saw out th e lumber m an u factu rers have boen w orried for
needed for construction. Suca m aterial some tim e o v er the lum ber stiu atio n , as
can be floated down th e flam e as fast th e supply of cedar is dim inishing
as th e la tte r is b u ilt and used fo r fu r rapidly. H ard woods could be used but
th e r extension.
for the fa c t th a t few pencil users ever
F o r handling railroad cross ties, cants, carry sharp knives.
poles, eordwood and th e like, a flum e
w ith th e sides of th e V 30 inches in
SHADE TREES FOR THE FARM.
h eig h t is larg e enough. F o r handling
H A D E trees about a farm home add
logs, piling, long tim ber or brailed
much to th e beauty, com fort and
saw ed lum ber a h eight of from 40 to
sale value o f th e place. B etter have
60 inches is recommended. Tho best
a few cotton woods th an no trees, b u t it
angle fo r th e V is p n t a t 90 degrees.
Proposed flum e lines ought to be su r is not necessary to depend on the co t
veyed as carefu lly as a line fo r a lo g
ging railroad, to ensure evenness of
grade. G rades should be k ep t below
15 per cent w herever possible, and the
b est results are obtain ed w ith grades b e
tw een 2 and 10 per cent.
A b ru p t cu rv atu res in a flum e should
be avoided, fo r th ey are likely to cause
jam s. C urves should rarely be perm itted
to exceed 20 degrees. I t may be neces
sa ry to b last out rocks and boulders,
or projectin g points of b lu ffs, or to
tre stle , or even tunnel, to elim inate
a b ru p t curves or m aintain an even
grade.
Telephones are recommended as ad
jn n e ts to th e operation of a flume. By
th e ir use a serious break or jam can be
rep o rted im m ediately to the head of the
flum e to p rev en t fu rth e r shipm ent of
m aterial. A telephone also m akes it
possible to n o tify th e men a t th e upper
end of the flum e ju s t w hat m aterial to
ship and when to ship it.
A flum e recen tly b u ilt on R ochat
Creek, n ear St. Jo e, Idaho, is cited as a
good exam ple of m odern V shaped
flum e construction. T his flum e, which
is unusually large and b u ilt to handle
heavy logs and long tim bers, is said to
Timber Flumes
T
A
X
S
11
tonwoods and th e in fe rio r Carolina
poplar. W hy not p la n t some of the
slo’S’“’ grow ing b u t more perm anent
species and have th e pleasure of w atch
ing them develop? M any trees from the
follow ing list are ad apted to irrig ated
land up to 5000 feet elevation. A num
box o f these planted about tho buildings
and along th e drives, se ttin g them in
groups ra th e r th a n in rows, will give
c h aracter to the farm home and will
overcome th e cheerless aspect so com
inon in some places.
A m erican and cork elms, linden, burr
oak and pin oak, soft m aple. N orw ay
maple, green ash. w hite ash, black ash,
honey and black locusts, European
w hite birch, Russian olive, m ountain
ash, black w alnut. Rocky M ountain red
cedar, Colorado blue spruce.
N early three million young trees
being set out th is spring on th e
tional forests of n orthern Idaho
M ontana. On th e St. Jo e national
est in Idaho th ree thousand acres
be planted.
are
na
and
for
will
The S tate of P ennsylvania celebrates
two arb o r days each y e a r—one for
spring p lan tin g and one fo r th e fall— in
A pril and O ctober respectively.
On the Deerlodge national forest io
M ontana one lookout statio n has the
record of rep o rtin g accurately, by dis
tanco and direction, a fire th a t was
six ty miles away.
Peach Tree Borer
BOARDING th is pest of peach grow
ers over tho country, George M.
L ist, of th e Colorado A gricultural
College, has th e follow ing to say:
“ The larvae live betw een the b ark
and wood a littlo below tho surface of
the ground in a mass of gum and woody
m aterial. I t is a soft w hitish c a te rp il
lar w ith a reddish brow n head. The egg
from which th is hatches is laid on the
trunk of th e tree at or near the surface
of the ground by a handsome day flying
moth. The larv ae a fte r hatching r a t
through into the inner bark aud sapwood
or tru n k or large roots, upon which they
feed, causing a gummy exudation. They
feed in this way for about a year, often
alm ost girdling a large root of the tree.
When the larv ae are full grown they
construct eoeoons of the gummy exuda
tion, th eir easting and silk, about an
inch below the surface of the ground,
where about th ree or four weeks later
they change to moths. A lthough there
is but one generation in a season, the
moths are present most of the summer.
The larvae reach m a tu rity i t d iffe re n t
tim es, thus keefiing up alm ost a con
s ta n t supply of adults.
Tho most satisfacto ry m ethod of con
trol has been to go over the trees
dig out all the larvae once in the spring
and again in early fall. T heir presence
is easily detected by the gummy exuda
tion on the crown and large roots.
1
One of Our Honeee
Look at the Above House
You can build it Yourself!
8im ply “ follow our p la n s .” They are
»imp!« and easy—anybody can do it.
No building expense necessary—just
your tim e and a hammeT.
H ere'» the w ay—we furnish th e lum
ber. trim , finish, doors, windows, p ain t,
sta in , nails, hardw are, p laster or in
te rio r wall board— all num bered to fit
the plans.
fo llo w the plane— Too ean l gn wron»
T h e reeult— an economically b a il! h o m e , per
B an en t. e o b ita n tia l and a ttra c tiv e . N O T a
po rtable honec
8atlefaetion »naranteed
Malt Rainier is the Pure Malt Tonic
For Mothers Who Require Additional
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T o u r own idea» carried not, if preferred.
P ’ a ii* for any »i«ed bongo fom i«bed
Send
fo r illu s trate d eatalofua.
I t ebow« bom i t
you can boitd easily, e u ic k ly and economical
ly .
W r ite today.
READY BUILT HOUSE
COMPANY
»»0
Broadway.
Portland,
Ore.
ASK TOUR PHYSICIAN
For Kalt by Ail DrugtUt»