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About The gazette-times. (Heppner, Or.) 1912-1925 | View Entire Issue (April 29, 1915)
HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION 3 1 Plans for Improving Farmer's Credit CAe SUN NEVER SETS ON THREE plans by which farmers in actual practice have succeeded in improving their personal credit and securing loaus at less than the prevailing rate of Interest are outlined in a new pub lication of the United States Department of Agriculture, Farmers' Bulletin No. 654, "How Farmers May Improve Their Per sonal Credit." The first of these plans has worked out In certain localities in North Dakota so " well that the farmer has been able to bor row money on his personal note at 8 per cent, at a time when the usual rate In his vicinity varied from 10 to 12 per cent. To secure this reduction in interest, the farmer agreed that the bankers should buy the dairy stock for which he wished the loan and sell it to him at actual cost. The purchase in a number of cases was conducted with the advice of state or Fed eral dairy specialists.. The men who fur nished the money were thus In a position to make certain that it was used for pro ductive improvements which would enable the borrower to repay the loan. Under this plan, In fact, the farmer may be said to have borrowed the Improvement Itself Instead of the money to buy it with, for the disposition of the money was taken out of his bands. An Idaho Plan. A plan of the same general charatcer was carried out a year or two ago in Southern Idaho, but in this case three or tour banks united In the purchase of a carload of dairy stock. In another case In Nevada a local creamery supplied the money and held back a part of the re turns from milk and cream delivered by the borrowers. Altogether 491 cows and heifers were distributed among G4 farmers, the aggre gate amount of money represented by the loans being $39,483. This Is the simplest of the three methods. It consists essen tially in permitting the lender to say how the money that he loans shall be spent. Under such sircumstances he naturally feels more secure, and the rate of Interest lessens with the risk. In regions where for various reasons this plan has not proved possible, another method Is to have the farmers collectively assume a certain guarantee for the notes given by individuals. In Southern Mon tana, for example, 19 farmers organized an association and appointed trustees to represent it In negotiations with a local bank. The trustees were authorized to guarantee a limited amount to the bank on the Joint and several liability of the association members. With this additional security the bank agreed to advance $5000 to the associa tion at 8 per cent when the general bank rate was 10 and 12 per cent. Two delegates from the association pur chased with the money two carloads of heifers, which were distributed among the members, each animal being charged with a proportionate share for all the inci dental expenses connected with the trans action. Each purchaser pledged himself to care for and breed the cattle by meth ods approved by the trustees. In the- third plan the guarantee Is fur nished not by the farmers themselves, but by an outside Interest. As the plan was developed In Wisconsin and Minnesota, this outside interest consisted of local business men, who were In their way as much concerned as the farmers with the general Improvement of agricultural con ditions In their region. Under thhi plan the business men sub scribed a certain percentage of the funds loaned with the understanding that this was to constitute a guarantee fund to pro tect the bankers. Otherwise the plan was in Its essential principles like that adopted in Montana. Credit Associations. Noue of these methods requires more than a temporary organization. A perma nent co-operative credit association Is, of course, a different matter, which has, however, many advantages. Such associations encourage habits of saving, afford training In business meth ods and may establish a collective fund for common agricultural purposes as well as providing loans to thoir members on more reasonable terms than they could obtain Individually. The fundamental principle of their management Is that no loan must be granted unless the commit tee In charge believes that the member and the association will both be bene fitted. The funds for the loans may be secured through payments on shares, through de posits, and by borrowing from outside sources. Associations doing business of this sort, however, are subject to statutory regulations and It Is, of course, Important that these regulations be understood and observed by the management. . A co-operative credit association must not be considered as In any way a substi tute for other banking institutions, but rather as an ally of them. The deposits in such associations are frequently In such small amounts that it Is unlikely that they would be placed In a regular bank. On the other hand the total of these small sums Is frequently considerable and such part of It as is not loaned to members of the association is usually placed on de posit in the local banks. : In addition t the service which the as sociation can render to Ua Individual members both by aidlngthem to obtain proper loans and by discouraging them from making unwise ones, the associa tion can also be of service to the com munity in a number of ways, among which collective purchasing is perhaps the most prominent. Selection of Sire Often Proves Puzzling Question IN a very interesting contribution to the Journal of Heredity on "Prepotency," by Professor Edward N. Wentworth, of the. Kansas Agricultural College, we read this short sentence: "Breed history records many prepotent sires that bred better than themselves." There is so much wrapped up in that sentence of great significance to the breeder that perhaps it Is worth while to consider it for a moment. If we un derstand the meaning ef the author it Is this: That many prepotent sires were in ferior in form and appearance to the progeny they produced. He Instances the trotter, George Wilkes, and the Short Horn champion of England as instances of the truth of his assertion. Almost any breeder of dairy cattle of experience ind close observation can recall numerous in stances where the greatest perfection of form in a sire was followed by serious disappointment in the milking qualities of his female offspring. Ezra Michener, the breeder 'of the sire of the great Guernsey cow, Dolly Bloom, told a friend that he was one of the most unsatisfactory, and, as he expressed it, "ornery" looking bulls he ever saw. Yet this bull sired one of the greatest cows of the breed. Now this leads us to ask in breeding for large performance In cows, how far we should be governed by our ideas of physical beauty and perfection of form In selecting a sire. And yet we may safely say that such qualities will tip the scale with most of us. And there we are, striving for one thing, the great thing, milking qualities, and judging of them and for them y standards that evidently have nothing to do with them. It is quite evident that If we would choose wisely we must look deeper for the governing principle In sire and dam than our notions of beauty and lmpres siveness in that line to make it inviting to follow. And so we are forced back to that old maxim: "Handsome is that handsome does." With all of the experience the world has gained on this question, the selection of a sire prepotent in the right direction 1b about as puzzling a question now as it ever was. Selected. Raising an Orphan Colt Is Not Always Difficult Job BY A. S ALEXANDER, IN case the mare dies or has no milk the foal may be raised on cows' milk, If the attendant conducts the work pa tiently and Intelligently. Choose the milk of a cow that has recently calved, preferably one which gives milk low in butter fat, for mares' milk, while rich in sugar, is poor in fat. Sweeten the milk with molasses or sugar and dilute with warm water. Give a little of this pre pared milk at short Intervals from a scalded nursing bottle and large rubber nipple. Be careful to keep the bottle and nipple scrupulously clean. Add an ounce of lime water to each pint of the prepared milk and allow half a cupful once an hour at first. As the foal grows, gradually increase the amount of milk fed and lengthen the Intervals between meals. In a few days food may be given six times a day and, later, four times dally. The foal will soon learn to drink from a pall if allowed to suck the attendant's fingers at first. Until the bowels move freely, give rectal injections night and morning. If the foal scours at any time, give two to four tablespoonfuls of a mixture of sweet oil and pure castor oil shaken up in milk and stop feeding milk for two or three meals, allowing sweetened warm water and lime water instead. Let the foal lick oatmeal as soon as it will eitt and gradu- . ally increase the amount and ndd wheat bran. In five or six weeks some sweet, skim milk may be given and the amount gradually Increased daily until, in three months or so, It may be given freely three times a day In place of new milk. The foal at this age also will be eating freely of grass, grain and bran. At all tlmeB supply pure cold drinking water. Let the foal run out In a lot or grass paddock for exercise. Accustom it to be handled daily. Feed small quanti ties of nutritious food often, keeping all food vessels clean, and the foal should thrive and develop well, nemember that a colt should at all times be adequately fed so as to develop It perfectly. Practic ally half of the full weight of a horse is gaiued during the first 12 months of its lfte. If stunted during this period the colt never develops properly; it, there fore, pays to feed generously. llow to Clean Up Yards. It has remained for a picture show uiau to olear up a Kansas town in a most fV C Uf , No matter what country it is -"yfU Ql AUSTRALIA, ? no matter where it is located, this marvelous 20th Century Instrument may be heard everywhere. In one day recently, The Autopiano Company received substan tial jrfoplano orders from Australia, from Brazil, from England, from Greece, from Turkey and from a far distant point in the upper interior; of Alaska. What other player piano has such remarkable distribution the worUTovef? 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