HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION
3 1
Plans for Improving Farmer's Credit
CAe SUN NEVER SETS ON
THREE plans by which farmers in
actual practice have succeeded in
improving their personal credit and
securing loaus at less than the prevailing
rate of Interest are outlined in a new pub
lication of the United States Department
of Agriculture, Farmers' Bulletin No. 654,
"How Farmers May Improve Their Per
sonal Credit."
The first of these plans has worked out
In certain localities in North Dakota so
" well that the farmer has been able to bor
row money on his personal note at 8 per
cent, at a time when the usual rate In his
vicinity varied from 10 to 12 per cent.
To secure this reduction in interest, the
farmer agreed that the bankers should
buy the dairy stock for which he wished
the loan and sell it to him at actual cost.
The purchase in a number of cases was
conducted with the advice of state or Fed
eral dairy specialists.. The men who fur
nished the money were thus In a position
to make certain that it was used for pro
ductive improvements which would enable
the borrower to repay the loan. Under
this plan, In fact, the farmer may be
said to have borrowed the Improvement
Itself Instead of the money to buy it with,
for the disposition of the money was
taken out of his bands.
An Idaho Plan.
A plan of the same general charatcer
was carried out a year or two ago in
Southern Idaho, but in this case three or
tour banks united In the purchase of a
carload of dairy stock. In another case
In Nevada a local creamery supplied the
money and held back a part of the re
turns from milk and cream delivered by
the borrowers.
Altogether 491 cows and heifers were
distributed among G4 farmers, the aggre
gate amount of money represented by the
loans being $39,483. This Is the simplest
of the three methods. It consists essen
tially in permitting the lender to say how
the money that he loans shall be spent.
Under such sircumstances he naturally
feels more secure, and the rate of Interest
lessens with the risk.
In regions where for various reasons
this plan has not proved possible, another
method Is to have the farmers collectively
assume a certain guarantee for the notes
given by individuals. In Southern Mon
tana, for example, 19 farmers organized
an association and appointed trustees to
represent it In negotiations with a local
bank. The trustees were authorized to
guarantee a limited amount to the bank
on the Joint and several liability of the
association members.
With this additional security the bank
agreed to advance $5000 to the associa
tion at 8 per cent when the general bank
rate was 10 and 12 per cent.
Two delegates from the association pur
chased with the money two carloads of
heifers, which were distributed among the
members, each animal being charged with
a proportionate share for all the inci
dental expenses connected with the trans
action. Each purchaser pledged himself
to care for and breed the cattle by meth
ods approved by the trustees.
In the- third plan the guarantee Is fur
nished not by the farmers themselves, but
by an outside Interest. As the plan was
developed In Wisconsin and Minnesota,
this outside interest consisted of local
business men, who were In their way as
much concerned as the farmers with the
general Improvement of agricultural con
ditions In their region.
Under thhi plan the business men sub
scribed a certain percentage of the funds
loaned with the understanding that this
was to constitute a guarantee fund to pro
tect the bankers. Otherwise the plan
was in Its essential principles like that
adopted in Montana.
Credit Associations.
Noue of these methods requires more
than a temporary organization. A perma
nent co-operative credit association Is, of
course, a different matter, which has,
however, many advantages.
Such associations encourage habits of
saving, afford training In business meth
ods and may establish a collective fund
for common agricultural purposes as well
as providing loans to thoir members on
more reasonable terms than they could
obtain Individually. The fundamental
principle of their management Is that no
loan must be granted unless the commit
tee In charge believes that the member
and the association will both be bene
fitted. The funds for the loans may be secured
through payments on shares, through de
posits, and by borrowing from outside
sources. Associations doing business of
this sort, however, are subject to statutory
regulations and It Is, of course, Important
that these regulations be understood and
observed by the management. .
A co-operative credit association must
not be considered as In any way a substi
tute for other banking institutions, but
rather as an ally of them. The deposits
in such associations are frequently In
such small amounts that it Is unlikely that
they would be placed In a regular bank.
On the other hand the total of these small
sums Is frequently considerable and such
part of It as is not loaned to members of
the association is usually placed on de
posit in the local banks.
: In addition t the service which the as
sociation can render to Ua Individual
members both by aidlngthem to obtain
proper loans and by discouraging them
from making unwise ones, the associa
tion can also be of service to the com
munity in a number of ways, among which
collective purchasing is perhaps the most
prominent.
Selection of Sire Often
Proves Puzzling Question
IN a very interesting contribution to the
Journal of Heredity on "Prepotency,"
by Professor Edward N. Wentworth, of
the. Kansas Agricultural College, we read
this short sentence:
"Breed history records many prepotent
sires that bred better than themselves."
There is so much wrapped up in that
sentence of great significance to the
breeder that perhaps it Is worth while
to consider it for a moment. If we un
derstand the meaning ef the author it Is
this: That many prepotent sires were in
ferior in form and appearance to the
progeny they produced. He Instances the
trotter, George Wilkes, and the Short
Horn champion of England as instances
of the truth of his assertion. Almost any
breeder of dairy cattle of experience ind
close observation can recall numerous in
stances where the greatest perfection of
form in a sire was followed by serious
disappointment in the milking qualities
of his female offspring.
Ezra Michener, the breeder 'of the sire
of the great Guernsey cow, Dolly Bloom,
told a friend that he was one of the most
unsatisfactory, and, as he expressed it,
"ornery" looking bulls he ever saw. Yet
this bull sired one of the greatest cows
of the breed. Now this leads us to ask in
breeding for large performance In cows,
how far we should be governed by our
ideas of physical beauty and perfection of
form In selecting a sire.
And yet we may safely say that such
qualities will tip the scale with most of
us. And there we are, striving for one
thing, the great thing, milking qualities,
and judging of them and for them y
standards that evidently have nothing to
do with them.
It is quite evident that If we would
choose wisely we must look deeper for
the governing principle In sire and dam
than our notions of beauty and lmpres
siveness in that line to make it inviting
to follow. And so we are forced back to
that old maxim: "Handsome is that
handsome does."
With all of the experience the world
has gained on this question, the selection
of a sire prepotent in the right direction
1b about as puzzling a question now as it
ever was. Selected.
Raising an Orphan Colt Is
Not Always Difficult Job
BY A. S ALEXANDER,
IN case the mare dies or has no milk
the foal may be raised on cows' milk,
If the attendant conducts the work pa
tiently and Intelligently. Choose the
milk of a cow that has recently calved,
preferably one which gives milk low in
butter fat, for mares' milk, while rich in
sugar, is poor in fat. Sweeten the milk
with molasses or sugar and dilute with
warm water. Give a little of this pre
pared milk at short Intervals from a
scalded nursing bottle and large rubber
nipple. Be careful to keep the bottle and
nipple scrupulously clean. Add an ounce
of lime water to each pint of the prepared
milk and allow half a cupful once an
hour at first.
As the foal grows, gradually increase
the amount of milk fed and lengthen the
Intervals between meals. In a few days
food may be given six times a day and,
later, four times dally. The foal will
soon learn to drink from a pall if allowed
to suck the attendant's fingers at first.
Until the bowels move freely, give
rectal injections night and morning. If
the foal scours at any time, give two to
four tablespoonfuls of a mixture of sweet
oil and pure castor oil shaken up in milk
and stop feeding milk for two or three
meals, allowing sweetened warm water
and lime water instead. Let the foal lick
oatmeal as soon as it will eitt and gradu- .
ally increase the amount and ndd wheat
bran. In five or six weeks some
sweet, skim milk may be given and the
amount gradually Increased daily until,
in three months or so, It may be given
freely three times a day In place of new
milk. The foal at this age also will be
eating freely of grass, grain and bran.
At all tlmeB supply pure cold drinking
water. Let the foal run out In a lot or
grass paddock for exercise. Accustom it
to be handled daily. Feed small quanti
ties of nutritious food often, keeping all
food vessels clean, and the foal should
thrive and develop well, nemember that
a colt should at all times be adequately
fed so as to develop It perfectly. Practic
ally half of the full weight of a horse is
gaiued during the first 12 months of its
lfte. If stunted during this period the
colt never develops properly; it, there
fore, pays to feed generously.
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