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About The gazette-times. (Heppner, Or.) 1912-1925 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 21, 1915)
9 Winter Short Course at 0. A. C. HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION (Special to Farm Magazine.) ONLY a small percentage of Ore gon farmers keep books and really know whether or not they make profits. Of course several arrange their banking In such a way that the bank balance partially tells whether their business is being con ducted with a profit or loss, but only occasionally are farmers found who can tell exactly which crops are pay ing for themselves and making profit besides, and which crops are the grand parlor boarders. The books of the general farmer shquld show accounts with crops, livestock, labor and Implements, as well as with in vestments, Interest and depreciation. The crop accounts should be classi fied and so kept as to show plainly which are profitable from the income standpoint and which are not. This phase of the work will receive spe cial emphasis at the Winter Short Course of the Oregon Agricultural College, in which other subjects di rectly and Intimately related to It will also receive attention. I'tulri-standlng Feeds, "The eye of the feeder fattens his stock," says an old adage, but now-a-days If the feeder does not know Bilage from "S to E," the fattening Is likely to be too expensive to leave any profit on the work and invest ment. There are many other feeds which likewise Bhould be thoroughly understood by the feeder of any kind of stock. All of these will be con sidered from the standpoint of pro duction, cost, market value, and soil fertility effects, during the annual Short Coarse. Lectures concerning the general principles of stock feed ing with reference to the scientific principles of nutrition will1 be given during the first week of the series beginning the first Monday in Janu ary. This knowledge should enable the stock growers better to appre ciate and understand the work given later in the course. The feeding of poultry, swine, horses, sheep, beef and dairy cattle, will be considered in detail by specialists of the faculty who are best qualified by special knowledge of each of the several types of stock and their particular requirements. rractictng Cooking. "What Bhall I cook for dinner?" Often the Oregon housewife asks her self this Important question without knowing where to find the best ans wer. Yet, on the correct answer to this question depends largely the family Income as well as the family expenses, since the wage-earner must have plenty of nourishing food of sufficient variety if he Is to maintain his efficiency in office, field or fac tory. Some very definite help to ward finding the answer to the fore going question will be offered In the work of the Short Course. Two hours each dny through the entire four weeks will be spent in practic ing cooking by those who are inter ested in this feature" of the work. The purchase, use and nutritive value of foods will be explained by special ists In charge. The preparation of menus and the serving of meals will receive attention. This work will be given In- two sections providing both for the experienced and the inex perienced and less skilled, ao that each student may receive precisely the desired Instruction. Farmers Xot Specialist. The great majority of farmers In Oregon are not specialists but are producers of general crops. Special attention will be given to the grow ing and handling of the pasture, hay, soiling and silage crops from seeding to feeding, at the Short Course. The departments interested In such crops will give a complete discussion of soiling crop Bystems and silage mak ing. For many conditions, alfalfa, clover, kale, vetch and corn are es pecially needed and for such Profes sor 0. R. Hyslop will go into detail and will consider every main point, Including inoculation and other special practices. Certain parts of Oregon are es pecially suited to the growing of seed crops. Oregon potato growers who can produce disease-free seed potatoes are receiving fancy prices from California growers. In this course Professor Hyslop will give close attention to the best methods for the production of grain and seed crops, such as barley, oats, wheat and corn for grain or for seed; and the production of seed crops of vetch, clover, potatoes, alfalfa and field peas will be discussed from the seed grower's staudpotnt. A "com ing" money crop for Eastern Oregon fanners is the growing of seed from alfalfa and field peas, but special methods must be followed for suc cess, and these will be discussed In detail. Practical plant breeding methods for the farmer will be dis cussed, and to Illustrate the princi ples the students will judge grain, corn and other seeds In the labora tory. Soil Requirements. In conjunction with this study of Oregon's crops. Professors Scudder and Kuzick will present a study of the soil requirements of each crop and the most profitable rotations for each type of farming. They will also discuss the value, preservation and correct use of manures and fertiliz ers, and the various treatments for acid soils. Oregon is a land of varied soils and there will be lec tures, demonstrations and round table discussions of the good and bad features of each of the chief soil types of the state and the crops and treatment best adapted to each. The fundamental facts relating to the physical problems of the soil, In cluding soil structure, soil moisture, heat and air, soil bacteria, and plant foods, tillage operations, will be presented In lectures, both Illustrated and non-illustrated, and by demon strations in field and laboratory. There will be special laboratory and field practice In sampling and judg ing soils. Work in Soils. The work in soils will be assisted by the Department of Bacteriology, which will present the results of Its experiments In lnocculatlng and lim ing soils, and other special features of soil management that should be known to every farmer In both East ern and Western Oregon. The De partment of Horticulture will pre sent the question of the proper soils for horticultural purposes. Illustrated lectures will be given by Dr. W. W. Atwood on the subject of Plant Physiology. Those bearing directly upon the subjects of crops and soils are: "How Plants Draw from the Soil and Make Use of the Materials They Need," "The Rela tion of the Green Coloring Matter of Plants to Their Ability to Make Their Own Food," "How Plants In crease In Size," and "Rest Periods of Seeds and Plants." ' S03IE BREEDERS GET ADVAN TAGE. The man who wants to succeed In poultry-raising must look keenly to his profits. There must not be a loop hole anywhere. There are so many chances for leaks that few breeders actually take In the amount of money Invested. The man who uses Lice-0 has the advantage. His birds lay in season, his chick loss Is very low, and his birds develop one-third faster. He Is sure of his profits. LIce-0 is used In every state on the Coast and Is sold under a positive guarantee. A tube largo enough to last the average breeder ono year postpaid 60c. The Llee-0 Co., 286 V4 Washington street, Portland, Or. Adv. Sugar Beet Industry. The first beet-sugar factory In the United States was erected In Phlla: delphia in 1830. It did not prove a success and was dismantled. In 1853 Brigham Young Imported a beet mill to Utah from France and Peter Mag nes set a small one up near Denver In 18G0. The first successful factory was built in 1870 at Alvarado, Cal., and was In operation.until 1913, when it closed down. It is estimated that $100,000,000 is now invested In the sugar beet Industry of this country. The sugar supply of the American people is drawn from three main sources. These are: Domestic beet sugar produced In 17 states from Ohio In the East to California In the West, with Colorado having more factories than any other state; do mestic cane sugar produced In Louisi ana, Hawaii, Porto Rico and the Phil ippine; imported cane sugar produced In Cuba. Forgetfulnesg. How quietly above this ruined home Wild roses creep, and green vines kindly roam; So do the years above the hearts of grief Lay love's soft covering of bloom and loaf! Arthur Wallace Peach, in New York Sun. TTIMPORTANT, that you mention this paper in answering advertisements. 1 tiv. KEEP THE GREAT NORTHWEST THE LAND OF PERPETUAL CROPS The Northwest is noted for abundant yields. Our land's natural richness in plant food is agricultural history. Yet, once upon a time New England was noted for its record fruit shipments. Now it is known for its worn-out land. Farms now covered with "For Sale'' signs mark the penalty of taking away the land's ability to produce. The land is the great Northwest's backbone. Take away its strength and its functions will soon become paralyzed weakened worn-out "New Englandized." BEAVER BRAND ANIMAL FERTILIZERS "A FERTILIZER FOR EVERY SOIL." Prevent your land from wearing out. The guaranteed analysis shows the proper proportion of animal ammonia, nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash that revives strength gives new life enables the next crop to feed upon the necessary sustenance for a good healthy harvest. Insure against poor crops increase your land's producing ability by ordering this famous fertilizer NOW. Fertilizer booklet F48 free. Tells about fertilizers, their application and results they produce for others. E. O. Cntbrestb, Johnston, 8. 0., doe" It, Tfaonnndi ot outers uoiDff lb ny nus ytiui run u tr itompfl day. 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