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About The gazette-times. (Heppner, Or.) 1912-1925 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 19, 1914)
HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION Oregon Agricultural College is the Friend of the Farmer , Page Xf News Notes and Interesting Articles Written by College Experts. R7 iiCv.v .4Kww.- Oregon Agricultural College, Corvallis, Oregon, the Sol Aim of Which la to Aid Agriculturist. PROFIT AD LOSS IX HOGS. fvff ITH the exception of chick- j ens, hogs are the most num erous of all farm animals,,'' says Dr. Virgil Knowles, Federal and Agricultural College expert in hog cholera, in discussing this matter before the farmers, "and they are grown for market on more farms than any other stock. Hog raising has probably made more clear money for the corn farmer than has any ether industry. "In Oregon the hog raising in dustry is just in its infancy. With the large areas in the fertile valleys of the state which are adapted to the growth of clovers and other plants valuable as pasture for hogs, and the various grains on which to finish them, a gTeat many hogs will he grown in the future than are be ing grown at the present time and the profits should be as great as or greater than profits in the grain belt. "Unfortunately this Industry in common with all other profitable pursuits has its disadvantages and losses. The most important loss factor which we must contend with In regard to profits and losses in the hog raising Industry Is hog cholera. ' "The country Is now passing through Its third serious epidemic of hog cholera of the last thirty years. The heaviest losses of the first epidemic In 1897 were 130 for very thousand hogs. In the second outbreak the losses were about 140 ! per thousand. The present epidemic became serious In 1911 and grad ually increased until 1913, when the loss reached 107 per thousand. The estimated loss In the United States from this hog cholera epidemic in 1913 was sixty-five million dollars. No other disease produces such a loss of animals, and In view of the high cost of living, such enormous losses are nothing short of a calam ity. Since a large share of this loss was borne by Oregon fanners. It is evident that they can well afford to lend their hearty co-operation In the campaign to end hog cholera In this state." each exhibitor complying with the! terms of the exhibit and securing an average score of 87 per cent or more will receive a dairy award contain ing his record of each entry em bossed in attractive designs on parchment paper. The value al lowed for the different points are for flavor 45', for body 25, for color 15, for salt 10, and for package 5. Awards will be divided into three classes, A, B, and C. Grade A will be granted all exhibitors reaching an average of not less than 93, pro vided ' they send entries on every call. Grade B will be given for .averages of 90 per cent or more, and grade C for average of 87 per cent or more. While the rules re quire monthly entries, exceptions will be made in favor of exhibitors whose factories do not run continu ously throughout the year, provid ing they make entries during each month of factory operation until 12 samples have been entered. SCORING EXHIBITS FOR OREGON DAIRY PRODUCTS f CORING exhibits of Oregon but 3 ter and cheese will be conducted by the Agricultural College Dai IT Department for a period of twelve months, beginning November, 1914. Every creamery man who wishes to learn the good and .the bad points of his butter and cheese Is Invited to arrange with the de partment to have his product en tered and scored in this exhibit. A Bomber of application cards have been sent out, but should any man Interested fail to receive his card he should write to the Dairy de partment for another. Entries for the butter exhibit shall consist of a 20-pound cubical pack age, and for the cheese exhibit of a , 20 to 25-pound cheese not less than 12 Inches in diameter. Entrymen are to prepay express charges on all entries. After being scored the pro duct will be sold on the market and the net proceeds sent to the ex hibitor. . All samples received will be cored by at least two judges after all identification marks have been removed and entered Into the rec ords. The judges will score inde pendently and the original sheets will be set the exhibitors, carbon copies being retained by the depart ment No prizes are offered, but PLACE OK DOMESTIC ART IX THE PUBLIC SCHOOL THE materials and the work of domestic arts in the schools are connected directly with the ma terials and work in the home. Hence the domestic arts course not only contributes to the aims of universal education, but likewise to the arts and science of home making Throughout the entire course, as planned for the public schools of Oregon by' Mrs. Brooks, professor of domestic arts at the Agricultural College, the work is carried along two lines that supplement each other Bubject matter and problems of construction. Since the principles of art and design are constantly used in working out the problems, the aesthetic nature of the children, along with their practical and intel lectual endowments, is undergoing steady and natural development. All work In this course Is deter mined and guided by an underlying principle or idea. The purpose of the technique of Bewing, garment making, care and furnishing of girls' rooms, house planning and furnish ing, study of textiles, use of money, and other problems Involved In effi cient house-keeping, la to Impart to pupils ideas and ideals, standards and guiding principals, experience and methods, as permanent assets In their lives. Hand work Is not to be Intro duced as a unity of itself," says Mrs. Brooks, "but in close relation to the other work of the grade. Thus employed It vitalizes the entire course, and brings the child directly Into contact with the world, where she may realize the relation of all the work of the school to all the work of her life. In 'thus under standing her relation to society she becomes a better citizen as a pro ducer, a consumer, and a home maker In her community." while with a spoon or paddly to emulsify it. When thoroughly emul sified the solution is poured into a jug or large bottle, which is tightly corked. A vessel somewhat larger than a gallon measure is best, so that the emulsion can be well shak en whenever any of it is to be drawn off for dilution and use. In this stock solution the ingredi ents are still highly concentrated and the emulsion must be well di luted before being applied to the plants. One part of the emulsion to 40 or 50 parts of water is about the right proportions. It is applied bv drawing the earth slightly away from the plants to be treated, thrust ing them over to one side, ana pouring enough around the stem of each plant to wet it down as rar as the insects have traveled. This can be determined by pulling up and examining a few plants after treat ment. The cabbage maggot Is said by Professor Lovett to be the most serious pest that attacks the cab bage and radish in Oregon, and it does vast damage to kale, rape, cau liflower, turnip, and mustard. Sev eral other control measures are ex plained in the College bulletin, 'In sect Pests of Truck and Oaraen Crops, copies of which may be had by applying to the Oregon Agricui tural College, Corvallis. OFFICIAL TESTS ADD VALUE. OFFICIAL tests are now thought to be almost essential to profit able business in breeding pure bred dairy cattle. The man that buys breeding stock today demands pro duction back of it, and this pro duction can be guaranteed in no other way. That these buyers are willing to pay for a record of high production In their dairy etocK shown by reports of sales recently collected by Professor Graves, head of the O. A. C. Dairy department, aa follows: The average price oiiu non-record cows at auction was $288, and the average price of recora cows of practically the same breed ing was M65; and the average price of 184 heifers witn non-recoru dams was 8209, and the average price of 133 heifers of the same breeding with record dams waa $341. This shows conclusively too great increase or value aaaea i dairy stock by the official tests. The practice is gaining In Oregon but no more than a small proportion i Oregon pure-bred cattle Dreeaers have taken it up. FARM USES OF AUTOS. SE of automobiles on the rarm is U becoming much wider than was at one time thought possime. By means of a removable or con vertible rear seat the capacity of the car is increased so that it holds con siderable quantities of perishable farm produce for the city market or emergency supplies for the farm Perishable fruits and vegetables can be put on the market much earlier In the day by the use of a good convertible farm auto, and they will be In much better condition. In ease farm machinery breaks down and several men are temporarily put out of employment, the repairs can be rushed In by means of telephone and automobile. Some farmers are also using their automobiles to run the stlo-filling machinery. nd accord ing to Professor W. A. Barr, Fed eral and O. A. C. field dairyman, are doing it successfully. The rear wheels are jacked up and the driv ing belt is run on one of them. Of course depreciation on machines thus used Is greater than on those used merely for riding about In, but on the other hand interest and upkeep charges are much less on one ma chine than two or three. The ad visability of thus using farm autos depends upon many factors, and must be determined by each farmer according to these factors. STOCK FOR CENTRAL OREGON, By KEEPING some kinds of live stock and marketing their crops through them instead, oi naming their farms to the grain elevators and hay warehouses, settlers of Cen tral Oregon will find farming more profitable and at the same time build up their farms tor sua more profitable farming in the" future. Dairying is still in its infancy, but with creameries at PrinevUle, Red mond and Bend, it will shortly be come an Industry of great Import ance according to R. E. Reybolds, extension livestock man of the Agri cultural College, who has been working in that territory. Dairying should prove profitable on alfalfa farm since the hay that now brings but $10 or $12 per ton should bring twice as much marketed through the dairy cow. It should prove pro fitable also in those regions that have shallow soils with outcropping v rocks, since field-crop agriculture can never be practiced successfully there. It is believed that the de- velopment of this section will be greatly stimulated by the Introduc tion of livestock and dairying In dustries, and that the vast expanses of sagebrush and juniper country will give way to a country dotted with prosperous homes. MORE COUNTY AGENTS. A NUMBER of counties are now -considering taking steps to se cure the services of county agri cultural agents. The salaries et these efficiency farm experts In Ore gon are borne jointly by the Agri cultural College and the county in which the county agent Is employed. SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT FOR CABBAGE MAGGOT ffcRUDE carbolic acid emulsion Is an economical and effective treat ment for the cabbage maggot. A stock solution of the emulsion Is made of one pint of crude carbolic acid, one pound of soap preferably whale oil and one gallon of water. It is prepared by Professor A. L. Lovett, field insect specialist at the Agri cultural College, as follows: The soap is dissolved in the water at the boiling temperature. This mixture is then lifted from the fire and the acid is poured slowly into it, the solution being beaten mean- A MAN TO BE SUCCESSFUL First Considers Quality, Then Buys at Lowest Prices. SEE ME FOR WATER SYSTEMS of All Kinds. LIGHTING PLANTS Electric and Carbide. PLUMBING SUPPLIES AT WHOLESALE. R. A. TWI8S Fourth and Jefferson Streets Portland, Oregon. ' IHiW.il) wJhMti-,4g'- y..larl f J ggF 4Jj
