HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION
Oregon Agricultural College is the Friend of the Farmer
, Page Xf News Notes and Interesting Articles Written by College Experts.
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Oregon Agricultural College, Corvallis, Oregon, the Sol Aim of Which la to Aid Agriculturist.
PROFIT AD LOSS IX HOGS.
fvff ITH the exception of chick-
j ens, hogs are the most num
erous of all farm animals,,''
says Dr. Virgil Knowles, Federal and
Agricultural College expert in hog
cholera, in discussing this matter
before the farmers, "and they are
grown for market on more farms
than any other stock. Hog raising
has probably made more clear money
for the corn farmer than has any
ether industry.
"In Oregon the hog raising in
dustry is just in its infancy. With
the large areas in the fertile valleys
of the state which are adapted to
the growth of clovers and other
plants valuable as pasture for hogs,
and the various grains on which to
finish them, a gTeat many hogs will
he grown in the future than are be
ing grown at the present time and
the profits should be as great as or
greater than profits in the grain
belt.
"Unfortunately this Industry in
common with all other profitable
pursuits has its disadvantages and
losses. The most important loss
factor which we must contend with
In regard to profits and losses in
the hog raising Industry Is hog
cholera. '
"The country Is now passing
through Its third serious epidemic
of hog cholera of the last thirty
years. The heaviest losses of the
first epidemic In 1897 were 130 for
very thousand hogs. In the second
outbreak the losses were about 140 !
per thousand. The present epidemic
became serious In 1911 and grad
ually increased until 1913, when the
loss reached 107 per thousand. The
estimated loss In the United States
from this hog cholera epidemic in
1913 was sixty-five million dollars.
No other disease produces such a
loss of animals, and In view of the
high cost of living, such enormous
losses are nothing short of a calam
ity. Since a large share of this loss
was borne by Oregon fanners. It is
evident that they can well afford to
lend their hearty co-operation In the
campaign to end hog cholera In this
state."
each exhibitor complying with the!
terms of the exhibit and securing an
average score of 87 per cent or more
will receive a dairy award contain
ing his record of each entry em
bossed in attractive designs on
parchment paper. The value al
lowed for the different points are
for flavor 45', for body 25, for color
15, for salt 10, and for package 5.
Awards will be divided into three
classes, A, B, and C. Grade A will
be granted all exhibitors reaching
an average of not less than 93, pro
vided ' they send entries on every
call. Grade B will be given for
.averages of 90 per cent or more,
and grade C for average of 87 per
cent or more. While the rules re
quire monthly entries, exceptions
will be made in favor of exhibitors
whose factories do not run continu
ously throughout the year, provid
ing they make entries during each
month of factory operation until 12
samples have been entered.
SCORING EXHIBITS FOR
OREGON DAIRY PRODUCTS
f CORING exhibits of Oregon but
3 ter and cheese will be conducted
by the Agricultural College Dai
IT Department for a period of
twelve months, beginning November,
1914. Every creamery man who
wishes to learn the good and .the
bad points of his butter and cheese
Is Invited to arrange with the de
partment to have his product en
tered and scored in this exhibit. A
Bomber of application cards have
been sent out, but should any man
Interested fail to receive his card
he should write to the Dairy de
partment for another.
Entries for the butter exhibit shall
consist of a 20-pound cubical pack
age, and for the cheese exhibit of a
, 20 to 25-pound cheese not less than
12 Inches in diameter. Entrymen
are to prepay express charges on all
entries. After being scored the pro
duct will be sold on the market and
the net proceeds sent to the ex
hibitor. .
All samples received will be
cored by at least two judges after
all identification marks have been
removed and entered Into the rec
ords. The judges will score inde
pendently and the original sheets
will be set the exhibitors, carbon
copies being retained by the depart
ment No prizes are offered, but
PLACE OK DOMESTIC ART
IX THE PUBLIC SCHOOL
THE materials and the work of
domestic arts in the schools are
connected directly with the ma
terials and work in the home. Hence
the domestic arts course not only
contributes to the aims of universal
education, but likewise to the arts
and science of home making
Throughout the entire course, as
planned for the public schools of
Oregon by' Mrs. Brooks, professor
of domestic arts at the Agricultural
College, the work is carried along
two lines that supplement each
other Bubject matter and problems
of construction. Since the principles
of art and design are constantly
used in working out the problems,
the aesthetic nature of the children,
along with their practical and intel
lectual endowments, is undergoing
steady and natural development.
All work In this course Is deter
mined and guided by an underlying
principle or idea. The purpose of
the technique of Bewing, garment
making, care and furnishing of girls'
rooms, house planning and furnish
ing, study of textiles, use of money,
and other problems Involved In effi
cient house-keeping, la to Impart to
pupils ideas and ideals, standards
and guiding principals, experience
and methods, as permanent assets In
their lives.
Hand work Is not to be Intro
duced as a unity of itself," says
Mrs. Brooks, "but in close relation
to the other work of the grade.
Thus employed It vitalizes the entire
course, and brings the child directly
Into contact with the world, where
she may realize the relation of all
the work of the school to all the
work of her life. In 'thus under
standing her relation to society she
becomes a better citizen as a pro
ducer, a consumer, and a home
maker In her community."
while with a spoon or paddly to
emulsify it. When thoroughly emul
sified the solution is poured into a
jug or large bottle, which is tightly
corked. A vessel somewhat larger
than a gallon measure is best, so
that the emulsion can be well shak
en whenever any of it is to be drawn
off for dilution and use.
In this stock solution the ingredi
ents are still highly concentrated
and the emulsion must be well di
luted before being applied to the
plants. One part of the emulsion
to 40 or 50 parts of water is about
the right proportions. It is applied
bv drawing the earth slightly away
from the plants to be treated, thrust
ing them over to one side, ana
pouring enough around the stem of
each plant to wet it down as rar as
the insects have traveled. This can
be determined by pulling up and
examining a few plants after treat
ment.
The cabbage maggot Is said by
Professor Lovett to be the most
serious pest that attacks the cab
bage and radish in Oregon, and it
does vast damage to kale, rape, cau
liflower, turnip, and mustard. Sev
eral other control measures are ex
plained in the College bulletin, 'In
sect Pests of Truck and Oaraen
Crops, copies of which may be had
by applying to the Oregon Agricui
tural College, Corvallis.
OFFICIAL TESTS ADD VALUE.
OFFICIAL tests are now thought
to be almost essential to profit
able business in breeding pure
bred dairy cattle. The man that buys
breeding stock today demands pro
duction back of it, and this pro
duction can be guaranteed in no
other way. That these buyers are
willing to pay for a record of high
production In their dairy etocK
shown by reports of sales recently
collected by Professor Graves, head
of the O. A. C. Dairy department, aa
follows: The average price oiiu
non-record cows at auction was $288,
and the average price of recora
cows of practically the same breed
ing was M65; and the average
price of 184 heifers witn non-recoru
dams was 8209, and the average
price of 133 heifers of the same
breeding with record dams waa
$341. This shows conclusively too
great increase or value aaaea i
dairy stock by the official tests. The
practice is gaining In Oregon but no
more than a small proportion i
Oregon pure-bred cattle Dreeaers
have taken it up.
FARM USES OF AUTOS.
SE of automobiles on the rarm is
U becoming much wider than was
at one time thought possime.
By means of a removable or con
vertible rear seat the capacity of the
car is increased so that it holds con
siderable quantities of perishable
farm produce for the city market or
emergency supplies for the farm
Perishable fruits and vegetables can
be put on the market much earlier
In the day by the use of a good
convertible farm auto, and they will
be In much better condition. In ease
farm machinery breaks down and
several men are temporarily put out
of employment, the repairs can be
rushed In by means of telephone and
automobile. Some farmers are also
using their automobiles to run the
stlo-filling machinery. nd accord
ing to Professor W. A. Barr, Fed
eral and O. A. C. field dairyman,
are doing it successfully. The rear
wheels are jacked up and the driv
ing belt is run on one of them. Of
course depreciation on machines thus
used Is greater than on those used
merely for riding about In, but on
the other hand interest and upkeep
charges are much less on one ma
chine than two or three. The ad
visability of thus using farm autos
depends upon many factors, and
must be determined by each farmer
according to these factors.
STOCK FOR CENTRAL OREGON,
By KEEPING some kinds of live
stock and marketing their crops
through them instead, oi naming
their farms to the grain elevators
and hay warehouses, settlers of Cen
tral Oregon will find farming more
profitable and at the same time
build up their farms tor sua more
profitable farming in the" future.
Dairying is still in its infancy, but
with creameries at PrinevUle, Red
mond and Bend, it will shortly be
come an Industry of great Import
ance according to R. E. Reybolds,
extension livestock man of the Agri
cultural College, who has been
working in that territory. Dairying
should prove profitable on alfalfa
farm since the hay that now brings
but $10 or $12 per ton should bring
twice as much marketed through
the dairy cow. It should prove pro
fitable also in those regions that
have shallow soils with outcropping v
rocks, since field-crop agriculture
can never be practiced successfully
there. It is believed that the de-
velopment of this section will be
greatly stimulated by the Introduc
tion of livestock and dairying In
dustries, and that the vast expanses
of sagebrush and juniper country
will give way to a country dotted
with prosperous homes.
MORE COUNTY AGENTS.
A NUMBER of counties are now -considering
taking steps to se
cure the services of county agri
cultural agents. The salaries et
these efficiency farm experts In Ore
gon are borne jointly by the Agri
cultural College and the county in
which the county agent Is employed.
SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT
FOR CABBAGE MAGGOT
ffcRUDE carbolic acid emulsion Is
an economical and effective treat
ment for the cabbage maggot. A
stock solution of the emulsion Is made
of one pint of crude carbolic acid, one
pound of soap preferably whale
oil and one gallon of water. It is
prepared by Professor A. L. Lovett,
field insect specialist at the Agri
cultural College, as follows:
The soap is dissolved in the water
at the boiling temperature. This
mixture is then lifted from the fire
and the acid is poured slowly into
it, the solution being beaten mean-
A MAN TO BE SUCCESSFUL
First Considers Quality, Then
Buys at Lowest Prices.
SEE ME FOR
WATER SYSTEMS
of All Kinds.
LIGHTING PLANTS
Electric and Carbide.
PLUMBING SUPPLIES AT
WHOLESALE.
R. A. TWI8S
Fourth and Jefferson Streets
Portland, Oregon.
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