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About The gazette-times. (Heppner, Or.) 1912-1925 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 5, 1914)
HOME AND FAKM MAGAZINE SECTION 12 Big Operations on Small Farms Though tha Frm Maffasine pre- fors to usa articles that deal par- s ticnlarly with the Nrthwest, tha following, by Earl W. Gage, of New $ York, should he of interest to our readers. Editor. ajsniw man who lives on a small I farm must carry on Intensive farming operations to make a profit that -will show well alongside the man who has several hundred acres. There is probably no region of the United States where this has been found more true than in New TCneland. which is pre-eminently a section of small farms, due largely to the generally broken character of the country, the farming land being located in small areas scattered among the hills. Since the farms are small a unique method of inten sive farming has followed which makes a place of 40 to 50 acres very profitable, and which serves to point out to farmers in other portions of the most advisable nieth- V7UV. J .j. nf Minreedine with a small farm. Inasmuch as this land has already been tilled longer than good land will hear an exploitive Bysiem m farming, live stock has been found a necessity. And the most intensive form of stock farming is dairy farm ing. Taking the northern states of the union as a whole, owing to cli mate and topography, the land Is In general adapted to the growth of grass and trees. The fact that grass a. ,m, at horns in these states IB DU l"uvi - has led to a serious fault in north ern dairying, namely, mismanage ment of grass lands. Closely assc--:tj with nnnr management of grass lands is the failure to utilize other crops avauame ior m mr.w eaneciallv COTC1. What i. noodad is that sufficient at tention be given to the selection of .A in nrrtof TO develop strains of corn fitted to the requirements of the different sections. - Anirv farmer, one ft forty-acre farm, raises all the roughage and some of the grain ior iony uu - cattle, two teams of horses, and twenty head of sheep. He is also able to produce from three to four . f nntatnoa each year, which atica - , u tha nearest city market arc Bum ... for highest prices, delivered direct to consumers. About twelve acres Ai.n era prnwn each year for sil- age, nearly as much grain, a mix ture of oats and barley, while the ;Ar. if th forty ceres, aside from the potato patch, is devoted to th hav cron. The rotation on m nnmnrisa one year of corn one of small grain, and one of clover hay, while part of the land is fnr mixed hay a second year. The land is seldom left in hay more than two years before it is again olowed up for corn, making either a three-year or a iour-year the remainder is in hay. Hay is ralsfid on anv field two years only. as a rule, but part of the land some times runs a third year. me iirti nn nf hav la cut very early, usu ally beginning about June 25, and a second crop is cut at the early end of August The annual yield per acre averages very close to four tons. The newly seeded fields often produce three tons at the first cut ting and two the second, of the fin est quality of hay, mostly ciover. Commercial fertilizer is used only on the corn crop, 200 pounds to tho .x hoin used. The manure from the relatively large herd is applied to all crops, on the corn land during winter or spring atid as a top-dress ing on the grass. Back in is s 4 mis farm could not support more than twelve cows and a yoke of oxen. It has been raised out of this condition cattle, 25 young stock, and three teams of horses, ana an toe rougu age for this stock is provided for the entire year, except that some of the young cattle are kept on mrea pastures during the summer. The pastures on the farm are considered only as exercising land lor tne v head of cows. The rotation is usually one of three years, but is sometimes extend ed to four. Corn for silage is grown one year. As soon as the crop is off in September the land is har rowed thoroughly and sown broad en at tn rve. As early tne next spring as a team can be put on the land, the rye Is gone over four or five times with the smoothing har row and seeded broadcast before the last harrowing with 15 pounds or clover to the acre. The harrowing is done entirely regardless of the rye and with the sole purpose oi preparing a good seed bed for the clover. The rye is so hardy that it soon recovers from the harrowing and make an excellent crop for IT'S SO Satisfactory Experience will teach you it's value. i 1 Ml nnnlirtnO1 into the presen oy - '--1 rftfln feed otner Sorae ol commercial reriiiizer, t OTW, to, PTapn hnt the high in potash, to all the lana unui -; - - - a cood clover stand was obtained. Then the further increase was ac ..nmniished by the use of the clover in increasing the number of live stock as well as the humus in the soil, and the increase of live siock was further aided by tne aaaiuonai manure. After the clover was once established the use of commercial fertilizer, with the exception oi mat used on the corn, was discontinue".. within the city UmiU of Prov idence, K. I., there is a wortny ex ample of what a man may do with a maii farm if he works and thinks. On sixty acres are grown silage, Boil ing crops, and hay sufficient for three teams of horses, a saddle horse. and sixty cows the whole year ana fnrtv additional cows for nine months. The first year the crop ping system was established, tour nf hay were purchased, the next one carload, but today none to purchased, but two carioaas were purchased because it Is deemed ad te.ia tn Veen the forty additional cows for the winter months. Enough t, was furnished from oats ana miiint and other crops, to supply that needed for the original nnmhr of cows, ana enougo iuiacu clover and timothy was grown ior the horses. Th Rvtem carried on on tnis iann i. dantd to the man living near the city, where the demand for milk delivered at the consumer s aoor is ennd tin enod that the larmer neeus a greater proportion oi suae" other succulent feed, even at tne nf hnvine additional hay. The method calls for crops wmcu iur nlsh green feed from the middle of May to November 1. So much of a. cmn in may be is fed. When a crop reaches the stage of maturity wt.oro it would no longer be fit to feed green, it to made into hay or t in tha niln. This allows of in creasing the quantity of succulent feed without using ail oi tne 25c Lb. tnr nart ia made into hay or chopped into one of the silos, which by this time is empty. A little of the rye. sufficient for seed the next year, Is left to ripen. When the season Is not too dry two crops of clover are cut after the rye is cut ereen. and one after the rye cut ior grain. Then the clover is cut two or three times the second year, ac cording to the season. In most Instances this ends th9 rotation and corn is planted. In some lots, however, this rotation is varied by planting corn two years in succession before seeding ciover. in that case the corn stubble of tne first year is sown to rye 3"t the same, and the rye to plowed unaer for the second crop of corn. Rye follows the corn again the second year and the clover to seeded ia this the next spring. Tha snvpr&l sources of silaee give sufficient succulent food to take the place of the scanty pasturage, and th variety of croDS used so doubt makes the silage the more palatable. The manure to hauled rrom tne barn every day in the year, for at most seasons there Is some place to snread It About 800 loads a year are produced, and this covers all the land once over. Canadian hardwood ashes have been applied to each field in succession ior tne purpose of improving the clover stand. This has insured two ana three crops a year. j Tha essentials of the dairy farm is growing feed for the cows by use of the short rotation wherever pos aihlp: nroducinz all the clover hay and corn possible; liming the land for clover when needed; better man agement, especially in the use of manure, of land which Is adapted to short rotations, and utilizing various catch crops which give succulent feed during the summer season. What do you think OFTH157 3,000,000 Acres FINE FBEE HOMESTEADS and Montana Deeded Lands $8 to 140 an Acre Beady for the plow, vi.id. an t so ha. wheat Oats, barley, flax, hay, etc., ia proportion. VtniMt Tnlund Climate. Land Sold on Crop Payment nan. T.aw f am Hnmnicfiksrs' Ex enraions on first and third Tuesdays of each month. Western Immigration Agent. n M fe ST p. KT. 2nd and Cherry, Seattle, Wash. h J 4b $ fl) 0 $ BULBS, BOSES, TREES FOR VilX PLANTING BERT STOCK XX THE WEST. Vi km na ifnli. mavmnta W BfcOCk and prpyekarcm. Dsa'l buy antS 7 read oar KKW OFFER. Frx Si-pica Caulof No, CO Tails AO. ree-year or a four-year rotauon. distributes the The manure is mostly applied in for corn ana tn ...ii nnd fall With a we pu""" . spreader, both as a top-dressing to the new seeding or other grass land, and to the land to be used for corn the next season. This is applied at the rate of ten tons to the acre for either purpose. The seeding is dono ati. tho prain in the spring. Mam moth clover is seeded at the rate of twelve to fourteen pounas to tne with two to three pounds of redtop and four Quarts of timothy. The result of the short rotation, the frequent manuring, and the heavy seering is a crop oi tnree wua m hay to the acre at one cutting. Other crops yield in proportion, so that this farm furnishes feed for so large an amount of stock that it seems unreasonable to the average exper ienced dairyman. Another man who farms on ninety six acres, of which a scant thirty is tillable, about thirty more being in nootnro ft Tin the remainder in wood land, la making wonderful headway for the size of his farm, ana is pui tha way to farmers everywhere This farm produces all the coarse dd.r for twenty-five milch cows, f!ft.n voune cattle, and three teams of horses. About six acres are put in corn for silage each year, two -"-.-i anii nata fnr hav. anil -BE A BIG MAN "J i.k nf mon and teams through the season In a way which could not be done in growing the same acreage of corn alone. Tivo envn In September is ordin arily fit to cut for feed by the mid dle of May and lasts until June iu. Winter wheat and vetch sown Sep tember 20 is fit to feed from June 10 to July 1, and any left over is used for hay. Oats and peas sown first April 18 will be fit to feed July 1, and successive seeamgs, even up to July 1 on low lands, will furnish green feed until Sep tember 1. If the later seeaings must be omitted for suitable lands, unroot corn Is nlanted May 15 and will fill the gap until a frost comes. Barley sown from June zo to Aug ust 15 in successive lots will furnisn feed for September and October. Under any other circumstances It wnnid not Beem economical for tnese men to follow this system, for sum mer feeding of silage saves the aaiiy l.hnr nf cuttins and hauling a green irnn nn any farm where there is land enough to use for growing good clover hay In a rotation with silage corn. Another dairy farmer lias a farm nmnHfline 74 acres of tilled land, nn which he keens 70 head of erown ia yonr community. Our enmmftreial conns sIvm vnt fund of practical information you can constantly nso to advantage. Bookkeeping, Arithmetic, Commercial Law, English, and Corre spondence, Penmanship and Spollinf, widen your sphere of action and pet yoa In line for success. Endorsed by Home Industry League. 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