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About The gazette-times. (Heppner, Or.) 1912-1925 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 22, 1914)
8 HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION United Slates Department of Agriculture Page Bulletins and Special Articles of Interest to the Northwest, Issued by the Government; Suggestions Covering a Wide Range of Activities; Results of Federal Investigations, Etc, Making Table Sirup from Apples Department of Agriculture Applies for Public Service Patent; Hood River Experiment. Place for Sheep on the Farm Government Says Small Flock May Be Maintained at Little Expense. FLLOWING extensive experiments begun last spring, the head of the fruit and vegetable utiliza tion laboratory of the Department of Agriculture has applied for a pub lic service patent covering the mak ing of a new form of table sirup from apple juice. This patent will make the discovery, which the spe cilialists believe will be of great value to all apple growers as a means of utilizing their culls and excess apples, common property of any cider mill in the United States which wishes to manufacture and sell apple cider sirup. The new sirup, one gallon of which is made from seven gallons of ordinary cider, is a clear ruby or amber colored sirup of about the consistency of cane sirup and maple sirup. Properly sterilized and put in sealed tins or bottles, it will keep Indefinitely, and when opened, will keep under household conditions as well as other Birups. It has adls tinct fruity aroma and special flavor of Its own which is described as be ing practically the same as the sirupy substance which exudes from a baked apple. Used like Other Sirups. The Birup can be used like maple or other sirups for griddle cakes, cereals, household cookery, and as flavoring In desserts. The Govern ment cooking experts are at present experimenting with it in cookery and expect shortly to issue recipes for use of the new sirup in old ways and for taking advantage of its spe cial flavor in novel dishes. The Department chemists have al ready produced over ten gallons of this sirup in their laboratories, using summer and other forms of apples. The success of the experiments has greatly interested some of the apple growers, and during October a large cider mill in the Hood River Valley, Oregon, will in co-operation with the Government chemists, endeavor to produce 1,000 gallons on a commer cial scale and give the new product a thorough market test by making it accessible through retailers in a lim ited field. New Commercial Field. The interest of apple growers in the product arises from the fact that the new apple cider sirup promises to give them a commercial outlet for vast quantities of windfall and other apples, for which they hitherto could find no market either in perisable raw cider or in vinegar. Cider pro Smith-Lever Act Is Educational MANY letters are being received by the U. S. Department of Agriculture which indicate that farm women in various sections of the country have come to believe that the Government is about to as sist them with grants of money to individuals. This unfortunate mis take which, it is feared, will be the cause of considerable disappointment, appears to have arisen through a misunderstanding of the Smith-Lever Act recently passed by Congress. Under this Act funds contributed both by the Federal and State gov ernments are made available for practical demonstration work in agriculture and home economics. Experts from the Agricultural Col leges and county agents, both men and women, are to show farmers and farm women the value of mod ern methods in agriculture and housekeeping, and demonstrate the use of labor-saving devices. The purposes of the Act are thus entire ly educational; and there are no provisions whatever lor direct finan cial assistance. duction, it Beems, comes largely at one season of the year during which the market is more or less flooded with this perisable product. The bulk and perishability of the raw cider, moreover, the cider makers state, often make it unprofitable for them to ship the raw cider of one district long distance to a non-apple-growing region. The market for cider, therefore, has been largely restricted in many cases to localities near the area of production. No method of sterilizing ordinary cider has been found practical for the rea son that foiling cider, at once inter feres with its delicate flavor. With the cider mill able to make a palatable, long-keeping table sirup out of its apple juice, growers, it is believed, will be able to use all ex cess juice for bottled or canned ap ple sirup. The new sirup, the spe cialists find, will keep Indefinitely, so that the cider makers can mar ket it gradually throughout the year. ' The Process. The process for making the sirup calls for the addition to a cider mill of a filter press and, open kettles or some other concentrating apparatus. The process is described as follows: The raw cider is treated tith pure milk of lime until nearly, but not quite, all of the natural malic acids are neutralized. The cider is then heated to boiling and filtered through a filter press, an essential feature of the process. The result ant liquid is then evaporated either in continuous evaporators or open kettles, just as ordinary cane or sorghum sirup is treated. It then is cooled and allowed to stand for a short time, which causes the lime and acids to form small crystals of calcium malate. The sirup is then re-filtered through the filter press, which removes the crystals of cal cium malate and leaves a sirup with practically the same basic composi tion as ordinary cane sirup. Its flavor, hover, and appearance are distinctive. Calcium malate, the by-product, is a substance used in medicine and at present selling for $2 per pound. It is believed that if calcium malate can be produced in this way cheap ly and in large quantities, it can be made commercially useful in new ways, possibly in the manufacture of baking powder. The cost of making this sirup on a commercial scale will be deter mined during the test in October. This demonstration work which the Smith-Lever Act is designed to pro mote, has already met with consid erable success in the States where it has been started, but the addi tional funds now available will greatly increase its efficiency. To avail themselves to the full of its possibilities the Department officials recommend that farm women form local clubs and then communicate with the county agent or the State agricultural college. In this way it will often be possible to secure a visit from the county agent or from the home economics expert. SAY! DO YOIJ Want to Sell Your Mining or Investment flocks or lionds? if you no We can give you a price on any thing in the United States, as we have been In business in Oregon and Washington for over 12 years, and have a live correspondent in every city in the U. S. We do no commission busi ness, but buy outright and sell outright, so you have no both er, but let us know your price. Address P. O. Box 205, Vancouver, Wn. O. W. Brokerage Company. AS THE SHEEP breeding season is now opening, the United States Department of Agricul ture urges the desirability of main taining a small flock of sheep upou the farm. With proper care and attention, a flock of twenty-five or thirty ewes can be kept at very lit tle expense, and they will prove of inestimable value in freeing the farm of weeds, and adding some thing to the farm income. In addi tion to providing a considerable sup ply of delicious wholesome food for the farm table, there will be a sur plus for sale, and an additional item of revenue in the form of wool. Many farmers make a practice of buying ewes in the fall, breeding them and selling the lambs the fol lowing summer. Such ewes can be carried through the winter on wheat and rye fields if not pastured too closely, or on clover hay with some roots and a little linseed meal. If the clover hay is not available, corn fodder may be used as rough age, in which case it should always be supplemented with bran or lin seed meal. Lambs should come early and should be taught to eat as soon as they are old enough. Give lambs access to corn by providing a creep through which they can go without allowing the ewes to follow. Purchase Prices. Ewes can be purchased at the present time at prices ranging from $3.00 for common, inferior sorts to $7.00 for good fairly well-bred ewes. For farm purposes the black-faced ewss arc more popular than the others, although good results can frequently be obtained from the white-faced ones. In buying ewes, be sure that they stand well on their feet, have good straight backs and good mouths. Ewes that have broken teeth, or teeth that are badly worn down, should not be bought. As a rule, a sheep has one pair of per manent incisor teeth when it is one year old; two pairs when it is two years old; and three pairs or a full mouth when It Is three years old. A full mouthed ewe, if the teeth are in good condition, can be used for breeding with good results, although she may be as much as five years old. Never buy a ewe that has a broken mouth, that is, with teeth that have been broken off or lost. None but a purebred ram should be used. It is not necessary to have a show animal, but a strong vigor ous buck is essential. Shropshire, Oxford, Southdown, and Hampshire rams sire excellent mutton lambs and these breeds are recommended for the farm states. A suitable ram can be bought for $8.00 to $20.00. Drawbacks and Remedies. The two principal .drawbacks to the sheep industry in the farm states are dogs and stomach worms. The dog nuisance can be obviated to a great extent by placing dog-proof fences around the pastures. The United States Forest Service has had excellent results in protecting sheep from coyotes and wolves by building fences constructed in the following manner: A barbed wire is first stapled to the posts right on the sur face of the ground. Three inches above this is placed a panel of close woven wire, 36 inches high, and above this two strands of ordinary barbed wire. Care should be taken to see that there are no openings be tween the ground and the lowest barbed wire. An inclosuro made In this manner, into which sheep may be turned at night, is inexpensive, and dogs will not get through it. MoRt of the damage by dogs is done at night. The presence of stomach worms is a very serious drawback. The young lambs become infested with them by eating grass to which the worms have attached themselves, the eggs being deposited by the mature sheep. It is therefore desirable to keep the c. lambs on land on which the mature sheep have not run, and if possible in cases of bad infestations to keep the lambs away from the mature sheep as much as possible. In the farm states, the farmers will find it to their best advantage to regard the wool from the sheep as a by-product, and direct their principal attention to the production of lambs, and mutton for the tablo. YOU WANT THE BEST SPRAYER You wul to lave unv temper, trouhU and tieea. 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