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About The gazette-times. (Heppner, Or.) 1912-1925 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 8, 1914)
HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION Poultry and Dairy Products at Exposition What "Small Produce" Means to the Modern Farmer, Appliances and Methods to Be Shown In Agricultural Palace at Panama Pacific Fair, the Farm as a Manufacturing Plant. (By Charles W. Stevenson.) TAKIXG the farm as a manufactur ing unit tho value of the small produce rises into large national importance. It is not many years since J. Ogden Armour startled tho country by a series of articles in the Saturday Evening Tost on tho use of the re frigerator car and its value to the farm ers of the country. The growth of great cities while presenting problems of serious political import furnishes a vast market for the farmer. The in crease of transportation lines and the facilities for marketing produce have added materially to the farmer's an nual income. The well-managed farm lias become in truth, a factory. Inven tion and machinery have become neces aary adjuncts, and the telephone fur nished a daily price list. But as in the case with every ad vancing industry in a country densely populated, having direct and abundant railroad connections, the larger markets fontrol prices. That this has been of immense advantage to the farmer the present high scale of prices of milk, butter, poultry and eggs testify. St Louis, Chicago and New York prices on turkeys, as an illustration, during the holiday season, now control the table of the town-dweller throughout the whole Mississippi Valley. And where, twenty years ago, the market in the adjacent town controlled the price, per dozen of spring broilers, today the price is qnoted, per pound, at an ad vance of 300 to 400 per cent, where, formerly, the fanner ten miles from a country town could not market the milk of his cows Bave by the laborious process of churning it into butter by primitive methods, now by means of the cream separator, the extracted .values can be sold at stable market prices at the front gate. So that it has become profitably practical to pay at tention to these by-products of the arm. Two Results. From these changes two results are apparent. Small factories are continu ally springing up to consume the dairy products of smaller growing farm areas; and country towns and small railroad stations have become shipping points for all kinds of farm products, especially poultry aBff eggs. Not- only this, but the farm has become a fac tory for converting the raw material into the finished product, or advancing it part way toward completion for con sumption. And again, reverting to the farm as a unit, the farm industry can no longer ignore these sources of in come. Nor can the farmer refuse to keep abreast of the prices which pre vail; and while the world's crop con trols the price of cereals, domestic con sumption and trade must always afford a minimum of domination in the sev eral countries in the matter of small produce, albeit affected by the density of population and the growth of great eities. The law of supply and demand has more freedom of action and gives greater benefit. It follows that a group of the ex hibits in the coming Panama Pacific International Exposition devoted to a showing of "Appliances and Methods Used in Agricultural Industries" of the character enumerated, must prove of decided advantage and great service to the farmers of the world. And it is to be mentioned that the farmers of the What Are You Going To Do? Tour future depends upon your training. Let us train you for a suc cessful business career. Over 2,000 students trained by us are holding lucrative positions. BUSINESS COLLEGE. I. M. Walker, President. PORTLAND, OREGOtf. Write us. No trouble to (never. United States may learn much from the display of European states, while South American countries have even a larger source of information in tho progress of both. Magnitude Shown, A few figures on dairy products and the production of poultry and eggs in the United States, available from the thirteenth census, shows the magnitude of these industries. In 1909 the pro duction of poultry, inclusive of chick ens, guinea fowls, turkeys, geese, ducks, pigeons and peafowls, amounted to $48S,46S,354; the value of fowls raised during the year reaching $202,506,272, an increase of 47.9 per cent over the total value for ten years earlier. The production of eggs for the same year (1909) was 1,591,311,371 dozen. For this year this was a production of 5.31 fowls per capita and 17.3 dozen eggs per capita. Again, the dairy industry for the United States, year 1909, reveals the following: Cows kept for milk on farms, number 20,625,432 Cows kept for milk not on farms, number 1,170,338 Total 21,795,770 Milk produced on farms, gaUons 5,813,699,474 Butter made on farms, num ber of pounds 994,650,610 Butter made in fatcories, pounds 624,764,653 ..1,619,415,263 Total Cheese made on farms, pounds , 9,405,864 Cheese made in factories, pounds : 311,126,317 It becomes imperative therefore that the progressive farmer acquaint himself not only with the appliances applicable to the individual farm, but with those larger systems which are employed in the local factories now being planted adjacent to the farms. He has double interest in this class of displays, first in the machinery he can install on his own farm, and second in the best kind to install in the factory in which he may become a stockholder. These are economic and political problems connected with this gronp of farm industries that are worthy of mention. The tendency of these small products of the farm must be to reduce its acreage, a condition which should be hailed as a civic boom. Not only does the intensive farming of the individual acre enlarge its production, but the in crease of the country home adds stabil ity to a nation's political life. The spread of this form of investigation and knowledge has a far-reaching effect and adds a force and value to the depart ment of agriculture at an exposition that is above material benefits and commercial profit rami as a Factory. ' Nevertheless, it intensifies the farm er's consideration of the farm as a unit, a factory, if you will, to be oper ated in the light of the best business methods. Just how far the individual farmer may go in devoting land, time and capital to these phases of produc tion will employ his highest business acumen and must be dependent upon not only the productive conditions of his individual acreage, but his relation to the immediate and remote markets. But it seems certain that, with cur- Total 320,532,181 Condensed milk produeod, pounds . 494,795,544 International Displays. Remembering that the Panama-Pacific is an International Exposition, and that the European nations by govern mental or individual participation are to be present, the educative importance of these displays must rise in the pub lic regard. Our international agricul tural exchanges must continue under the natural laws of production in the great staples, but this class of farm industries in Countries like Germany, France, Holland and England must have much to tell the farmers of the United States and the rest of the world. The industries are classified as follows: OEOTJP 118, Appliances and Methods Used In Agri cultural Industries. Class 567 Types of agricultural fac tories connected with farming; dairies; creameries; cheese factories, etc. Class 568 Oil mills; margarine fac tories; grain elevators and appliances. Class 569 Workshops for the prepara tion of textile fibres. Class 570 Equipment for tho breeding of birds and for the artificial hatch ing, raising or fattening of poultry. Poultry foods. Methods of and ap pliances for packing and transporting. Class 571 Market gardening. Build ings and appliances for growing, gathering, packing and marketing vegetables. Processes and equipment employed in tho forced culture of vegetables and plants, with specimens of products. What in the United States is an ever increasing domestic trade in the older countries mentioned .enters into the for eign exchange, Holland, for example, selling its chief foreign shipments to its neighbors. Farmer Ownership. Taking Class 567, comprising dairies, creameries and cheese factories, the im portance to the individual farmer lies in the fact that the tendency of the time is towards stock company owner ship of all of these among tho farmers themselves. In the State of Iowa the farmers principally own the creameries. And it is almost certain with the ex tension of the agricultural credit sys tem, as operated, in Germany, to the farmers of the United States, the own ership of these local factories by the farmers themselves will increase. rent prices, no farmer can refuse to include some portion of this kind of production in his scheme of making bia own enterprise bring the best returns. Nor does it seem that the growth of individual dairy, poultry and vegetable farms will destroy this. In a sense it is a utilization of waste, in unoccupied and unproductive lands, waste in shat tered grain, waste in the value of fod der and roughness and the marketable portion of the major crop. Yet, while this is true, failure to take advantage of modern machinery connected with these farm industries must render them a burden rather than a benefit. Appliances and methods as shown in this group at tho Panama-Pacific In ternational Exposition must return es pecial benefit to every farmer who will attend. Manifestly, the exchange of ideas between the countries must re sult in greater reflective study through out the world. The manufacturers who exhibit in this section will receive in return the commercial rewards of merit, the only basis of lasting trade. The application of electrical motors to farm machinery is constantly saving labor and liberalizing life upon the farm. A recent writer calls attention to the pos sibility of returning the loom to the home through the distribution of eloe trical power, thus solving many of the sweatshop and mill problems of the day. 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