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About The gazette-times. (Heppner, Or.) 1912-1925 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 27, 1914)
HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION TimberFiumes THAT the v-Bhaped timber flume is a more efficient typo than the box or square-sided form is one of the eonclusions reached by the Department or Agriculture in a bulletin just issued on flumes and fluming. The V-shaped wooden flume requires less water and, on the average, less repairs than the either type, is better adapted to act as a slide on steep grades, and offers fewer ehancos for jams. Concerning a third type, the "sectional" metal flume, eemi-circular in form, the prediction is made that it will come into wide use. Such a flume is strong and light, and can be quickly taken apart and trans ported from one place to another to be set up again. When building flumes a ao.xl plan says the department, is to erect a small sawmill at or near the upper mil of the flume location to saw out the lumber needed for construction. Suci niatetiul can be floated down the flume as fast as the latter is built and used for fur ther extension. For handling railroad eross-ties, cants. poles, cordwood and the like, a flume with the sides of the V 30 inches in height is large enough. For handling logs, piling, long timber or brailel sawed lumber a height of from 40 to 60 inches is recommended. The best angle for the V is put at 90 degrees. Proposed flume lines ought to be sur veyed as carefully as a line for a log- ging railroad, to ensure evenness of grade. Grades should be kept below 15 per cent wherever possible, and the best results are obtained with graded be tween 2 and 10 per cent. Abrupt curvatures in a flume should be avoided, for they are likely to cause jams. Curves should rarely be permitted to exceed 20 degrees. It may be neees eary to blast out rocks and boulders, or projecting points of bluffs, or to trestle, or even tunnel, to eliminate abrupt turves or maintain an , even grade. Telephones are reeommendod as ad juncts to the operation of a flume. By their use a serious break or jam can be roportcd immediately to the head of the flume to prevent further shipment of material. A telephone also makes it possible to notify the men at the upper end of the flume just what material to ship and when to ship it. A flume recently built on Rochat Creek, near St. Joe, Idaho, is cited as a good example of modern V-shaped flume eonstruction. This flume, which is unusually large and built to handle keavy logs and long timbers, is said to mm Oat of Oar Houfet Look at the Above House You can build it Yourself! Simply "follow our plans." They are simple and easy anybody can do it. No building exponse necessary just your time and a hammer. Here 's the way we furnish tho lum ber, trim, finish, doors, windows, paint, stain, nails, hardware, plaster or in terior wall board all numbered to fit the plans. ' Follow tho plans you can't to wrong. Tho result an economically built home, per manent, substantial and attractive. NOT a portable boose. Satisfaction guaranteed. Tour own ideas carried out, if preferred. Flans for any sised house famished. Send for illustrated catalogue. It shows nomas you can build easily, quickly and economical ly. Write today. READY BUILT HOUSE COMPANY 990 Broadway, Portland, Ore, have cost approximately 8,000 per mile for the five miles of its length, includ ing tne eost or constructing a wagon road and telephone equipment. Other flumes are cited costing from $2,000 to 7,auu a mile. JTJNTPER WOOD TO REPLACE CEDAR FOB PENCILS. II FTER a long series of experiments, f conducted with the co-operation of four large manufacturers, the For est Service of the Department of Agri culture has reached the decision that juniper is the most available substitute for red cedar for use in pencil making. In pursuance of this, arrangements are now being made, by some of the larg est companies, for lumber rights in the juniper lands in New Mexico and other places. The present output of pencils in this country amounts to 1,000,000 daily, while it requires 7,000,000 cubic feet of wood a year to allow for this production. The Forest Service and the manufacturers have been worried for some time over the lumber stiuation, as the supply of cedar is diminishing rapidly. Hard woods could be used but for the fact that few pencil users ever carry sharp knives. SHADE TREES FOR THE FARM. SHADE trees about a farm home add much to the beauty ,s comfort and sale value of the place. Better have a few cotton woods than no trees, but it is not necessary to depend on the cot- tonwoods and the inferior Carolina poplar. Why not plant some of the slower growing but more permanent species and have the pleasure of watch ing them develop! Many trees from the following list are adapted to irrigated land up to 5000 feet elevation. A num ber of these planted about the buildingB and along the drives, setting them in groups rather than in rows, will give character to the farm home and will overcome the cheerless aspect so com mon in some places. American and. cork elms, linden, burr oak and pin oak, soft maple, Norway maple, green ash, white ash, black ash, honey and black locusts, European white birch, Russian olive, mountain ash, black walnut, Rocky Mountain red cedar, Colorado blue spruce. Nearly three million young trees are being set out this spring on the na tional forests of northern Idaho and Montana. On the St. Joe national for est in Idaho three thousand acres will be planted. The State of Fennsylvania celebrates two arbor days each year one for spring planting and one for tho fall in April and October respectively. On the Deerlodge national forest in Montana one lookout station has the record of reporting accurately, by dis tance and direction, a fire that was sixty miles away. Peach Tree Borer REGARDING this pest of peach grow ers over the country, George M. List, of the Colorado Agricultural College, has the following to say: "The larvae live between the bark and wood a little below the surface of the ground in a mass of gum and woody material. It is a soft whitish caterpil lar with a reddish-brown head. The egg from which this hatches is laid on the trunk of the tree at or near the surface of the ground by a handsome day-flying moth. The larvae after hatching eat through into the inner bark and sapwood or trunk or large roots, upon whieh they feed, causing a gummy exudation. They feed in this way for about a year, often almost girdling a large root of the tree. When the larvae are full grown they construct cocoons of the gummy exuda tion, their casting and silk, about an inch below the surface of the ground, where about three or four weeks later they change to moths. Although there is but one generation in a season, the moths are present most of the summer. The larvae reach maturity it different times, thus keeping up almost a con stant supply of adults. Tho most satisfactory method of con trol has been to go over the trees and dig out all the larvae once in the spring and again in early fall. Their presence is easily detected by tEe gummy exuda tion on the crown and large roots. Malt Rainier is the Pure Malt Tonic For Mothers Who Require Additional Nourishment and Strength. ASS YOUR PHY3ICIAN For Sale by All Druggists
