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About The gazette-times. (Heppner, Or.) 1912-1925 | View Entire Issue (May 7, 1914)
HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION 9 Some Hints On Tires For The Farmer Proper Inflation Add to Their Life, While Lack of Pressure In creases Blow-Out Danger. By L. GBEENWALD. THESE are to many different factors having an influence on the usage of tires that no rule for inflation can be adopted which will be exactly suitable to all conditions. Style of ear construction, the weight and its distri bution, power, road conditions, speed, the expert or careless driver, effect of climate and numerous other things all have important connections with the strains to which the tires will be sub jected. Consequently, a fixed role for inflation would, in view of these things, produce different results. The schedules of inflation recom mended by the tire companies-provide a basis from which to work. Ordinarily the tires on front wheels should be in flated from 15 to 18 pounds per inch of tire section and the rear tires from 15 to 20 pounds per inch of tire section. For example: Four-inch tires on front wheels from 60 to 72 pounds, and the rear from 60 to 80- pounds. The varia tion in these pressures naturally depends upon the things before mentioned, prin cipally the weight of the ear. For in stance, tires on a car weighing 1,800 pounds do not require as much air pres sure as the tires on a ear weighing 2,500 pounds. The tires ride hard when pumped op to a high pressure and used en light cars, but with the same pres sure ride comfortably on a heavy car. In determining the correct size of tire and the proper inflation, it is impor tant to know the weight of the car and its distribution on the front and rear wheels. To determine this run front half of ear on platform scales and make note of the weight Then place only the rear half of car on scales, recording this weight also. The weight carried by each tire will be one-half of either" of the respective amounts. Weight II Important. Resiliency is primarily governed by the construction and quality of the tires, but is largely influenced by the inflation and weight carried. A four inch tire inflated to 70 pounds pressure and carrying a weight of 800 pounds will naturally ride easier than the same site tire with the same inflation carry ing a weight of 700 pounds. The heavier weight causes some deflection of the tire on the ground and increases the action, adding to the comfort of the ride. As the deflection or flattening of the tire is increased either bjr weight or reducing the air pressure, most of the vibration is absorbed by the tires and not by the springs of the car. The dan ger is in going to an extreme, and a great many ear owners, in this way, sacrifice tire effieieney and maximum mileage. If you find the tires ride hard when inflated to 80 pounds pressure, it is safe to reduce the pressure to 75 pounds or 70 pounds, providing this does not per mit the tires to bulge or flatten under the weight of the car. Don't Onega at Inflation. Don't make the mistake of guessing at the inflation from appearances; use a tire pressure gauge at least once every week. The tires sometimes appear to round np pretty well, but when tested with a gauge yon may find the pres sure is entirely too low to secure best results. A great many tires are damaged in a number of ways from riding soft. This particularly is true during the summer season. Tire users seem to be under the impression that there is danger of blow outs, due to expansion. There is some expansion, but as a matter of fact it is not in proportion to the increase in temperature. For example: If the tem perature of the air in a tire increases from 60 degrees to 80 degrees, it does not mean that the air pressure per square inch increases from 60 to 80 pounds. With the change in tempera ture mentioned, it actually results in an increase of three pounds pressure per square inch, L e., if the temperature of the air in a tire increases from 60 degrees to 80 degrees the air pressure increases from 60 to 63 pounds. Heat Injures Bnbber. On a hot day it will be observed that driving a tire soft for some distance over a brick pavement will heat it con siderably more than the tire upon the opposite wheel, inflated to a higher pressure. This is caused naturally by the increased bending in the side walls of the soft tire and the increased road friction due to deflection; the excessive bending and heating is detrimental in many respects. The deflection and wave in front of the tires requires more power from the engine. The kneading action results in separating of the rub ber cover from the body and the several plies of fabric in the body do not take bumps and strains of traction uniform ly and have a tendency to work loose. Chafing then occurs and ultimately a blowout Pinched inner tubes are usually caused by the tires being under pres sure and not fitting snugly to the rims. The adhesion of a tube to the ease and deterioration of the rubber may be caused by a lack of lubrication, but as a usual thing may be traced to exces sive hebting from riding the tire soft. Beinflate the tires occasionally, as the inner tubes are slightly permeable. When the rubber is heated to 80 de grees or more 15 per cent to 20 per cent of the pressure is lost It is not ad visable to. Inflate tires with the ex haust from the engine, as oil and cer tain gases are destructive to the rub ber. This does not have reference to pumps operated by power from the en gine. Air is the best for inflation. Occasionally deflate the tires and fill with fresh supply of air. Congress Of Farm Women Succeeds QROBABLY no organization in recent Y years has met with the success and encouragement that has been the lot of "The International Congress of Farm Women." Its objects and ideals are of the highest, and the ends that it hopes to attain are worthy of all effort and support necessary to .carry them to a complete realization. The congress was born of the needs of better social and economical conditions in rural homes. It is the ultimate hope of those direct ing the work of the congress to make the work of the woman on the farm, in her every day labor, just as pleasant as is the work of the woman in the city who has every modern convenience at hand. Generally speaking, there is no good reason why this hope cannot be attained. The most modern machin ery for the easy accomplishment of the man's work on the farm is to be seen everywhere, but in few places indeed is it found that the woman has much of modern and labor saving equipment for the performance of her part of the work. The following paragraphs will tell briefly what the congress is and what it hopes to do: It is an organization composed of women who have caught the vision of an ideal life on the farm. Women who know the hardships, which in the past have been endured, and who are will ing to put their shoulders to the wheel and lift some of the loneliness out of life and make the sun shine brightly over what has heretofore been a dreary horizon. Organized at Colorado Springs. The American division of this farm women's movement was organized at Colorado Springs in October, 1911, co ordinate with the Dry Farming Con gress. It is now affiliated with many other national congresses, making one great international union, in which twenty-eight nations are represented; and it is destined to become one of the greatest institutions for good the world has ever known. As an organization it is not political; nor is it religious, except to extend a helping hand to the women of all na tions, no matter what race, religion or color. Its motto is not to reach up or reach down, but to BEACH OUT. Its members are inviting the national and state government to recognize the needs of the farm women, who have ever been the balanee wheel of civilization. They are pointing ont the dangers of the rapid growth of the cities, with a corresponding decrease of the rural dwellers. They are preaching a doctrine of thrift and the kingship of labor, point ing ont the road to happiness through the paths of useful employment. Thus encouraging the "back to the farm movement" Virtue and Worth. They are carrying on unbiased ex periments with modern inventions, cal culated to save labor in farm homes, trying to help farm women discriminate between the utterly useless and really useful. They are watching the development of the consolidated schools urging the teaching of domestic science and prac tical housekeeping. The congress stands for the oneness of humanity, the co-operation of hand and brain. It deals only with that which has vir tue and worth, that which can give freedom and truth to its members, and will add to the welfare of the whole human race. The congress lives that the farm women of the world may live more. It speaks to give encouragement, inspira tion and joy. It studies to keep in touch with progress and pass the good things along. It works in order to be of serv ice to humanity. Every thought, word and action in behalf of the organization is to enrich, ennoble and beautify the lives of women in rural communities. The American division of the con gress urges the eo-operation of all inde pendent local organizations and indi viduals that are interested in social eco nomic advancement in rural commun ities in the United States, Canada and Mexico. All such are nrged to com municate with Mrs. Belle Van Dorn Harbert, president International Con gress of Farm Women, Manzanola, Colo., or the secretary, Mrs. Mary Pierce Van Zile, dean of women, K. 8. A. College, Manhattan, Kan. Merchants, Attention! There Is Money in Tour Old Freight Bills. Let the Trans-Continental Traffic Association Find It for Ton. If ron ire a merchant who pays railroad or expreil charges we can greatly benefit ron and roar business as a member of thla Association. It is the aim of THE TRANS-CONTINENTAL TRAFFIC ASSOCIATION to embody all of the shippers and receivers of freight within the States of Oregon and Washington into one strong shippers' association. We are a permanent Institution for the benefit of the merchants, with general office maintained at Portland. This association is prepared at any time to handle and girt expert service and information on freight rout ing, tariff rate and classification, overcharge, lose and damage claims. Interstate Commerce eomplainta and rate litigation, in fact, to protect and assist the shipper from every standpoint of his transportation. We have proved that an association of this kind carries strength and commands respect of the railroads, especially in the filing of claims for overcharges, etc It is a well-known fact that auditing companies, operating en a percentage of the amonnts recovered as overcharges, have little respect or standing with the railroads, and that a larger percentage of the claims filed by them with the carriers are declined dne to lack of necessary evi dence and knowledge required to present claims of merit in the proper man ner so as to reach the higher authority over the regular clerical help of the railroads. To any shipper or receiver of freight the services of this association are invaluable and no operating business can afford to be without it. We earnestly urge every merchant to take advantage of our SPECIAL INTRODUCTORY OFFER. Our regular membership fee Is Ten Dollars. For thirty days we will deduct this fee from the overcharges found in your freight bills and return to you 60 per eent of the balance, thus, without any cash outlay, you are made a member of one of the strongest and most efficient traffic organization! in the West. . Write Us Today The Trans-Continental Traffic Association 411-412-413-414-415 Panama Building Portland, Oregon. A TELEPHONE BOOTH AT TOUB ELBOW The Kracker Telephone Muffler For "Complete Confidential Conversations" PRICE $3.50 HOW OFTEN HAVE YOU WISHED FOB ABSOLUTE PRIVACY AT YOTJB PHONE? At last we have an ingenious device that happily combines effective ness and convenience to thwart the "disinterested" eavesdropper. Of course, a miniature, booth or hood also affords confidential con versations, but it takes up considerable room is usually hot and stuffy when in use and yon are obliged to go to the booth. Which is to say nothing of the disparity in cost. The Hracker Telephone Muffler costs $3.50, occupies a few inches of space on the mouthpiece of phone and is at your elbow whenever yon need It It is instantly attached or detached. Non-corrosive and thoroughly sanitary. HOW IT IS DONE When you speak into the Kracker Muffler, the sound waves, together with the air expelled from the lungs, go forward, and are then carried through a spiral coil of aluminum. If your dealer can't supply you, we'll ship order, charges prepaid, upon receipt of price, (3.50. FOB SALE BT Commerce Utility Corporation 111 to 415 Panama Bldg., Portland, Oregon.
