HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION
9
Some Hints On Tires For The Farmer
Proper Inflation Add to Their Life, While Lack of Pressure In
creases Blow-Out Danger.
By L. GBEENWALD.
THESE are to many different factors
having an influence on the usage
of tires that no rule for inflation
can be adopted which will be exactly
suitable to all conditions. Style of ear
construction, the weight and its distri
bution, power, road conditions, speed,
the expert or careless driver, effect of
climate and numerous other things all
have important connections with the
strains to which the tires will be sub
jected. Consequently, a fixed role for
inflation would, in view of these things,
produce different results.
The schedules of inflation recom
mended by the tire companies-provide a
basis from which to work. Ordinarily
the tires on front wheels should be in
flated from 15 to 18 pounds per inch of
tire section and the rear tires from 15
to 20 pounds per inch of tire section.
For example: Four-inch tires on front
wheels from 60 to 72 pounds, and the
rear from 60 to 80- pounds. The varia
tion in these pressures naturally depends
upon the things before mentioned, prin
cipally the weight of the ear. For in
stance, tires on a car weighing 1,800
pounds do not require as much air pres
sure as the tires on a ear weighing 2,500
pounds. The tires ride hard when
pumped op to a high pressure and used
en light cars, but with the same pres
sure ride comfortably on a heavy car.
In determining the correct size of tire
and the proper inflation, it is impor
tant to know the weight of the car and
its distribution on the front and rear
wheels. To determine this run front
half of ear on platform scales and make
note of the weight Then place only
the rear half of car on scales, recording
this weight also. The weight carried
by each tire will be one-half of either"
of the respective amounts.
Weight II Important.
Resiliency is primarily governed by
the construction and quality of the
tires, but is largely influenced by the
inflation and weight carried. A four
inch tire inflated to 70 pounds pressure
and carrying a weight of 800 pounds
will naturally ride easier than the same
site tire with the same inflation carry
ing a weight of 700 pounds. The heavier
weight causes some deflection of the
tire on the ground and increases the
action, adding to the comfort of the
ride. As the deflection or flattening of
the tire is increased either bjr weight
or reducing the air pressure, most of the
vibration is absorbed by the tires and
not by the springs of the car. The dan
ger is in going to an extreme, and a
great many ear owners, in this way,
sacrifice tire effieieney and maximum
mileage.
If you find the tires ride hard when
inflated to 80 pounds pressure, it is safe
to reduce the pressure to 75 pounds or
70 pounds, providing this does not per
mit the tires to bulge or flatten under
the weight of the car.
Don't Onega at Inflation.
Don't make the mistake of guessing
at the inflation from appearances; use
a tire pressure gauge at least once every
week. The tires sometimes appear to
round np pretty well, but when tested
with a gauge yon may find the pres
sure is entirely too low to secure best
results.
A great many tires are damaged in a
number of ways from riding soft. This
particularly is true during the summer
season. Tire users seem to be under the
impression that there is danger of blow
outs, due to expansion. There is some
expansion, but as a matter of fact it
is not in proportion to the increase in
temperature. For example: If the tem
perature of the air in a tire increases
from 60 degrees to 80 degrees, it does
not mean that the air pressure per
square inch increases from 60 to 80
pounds. With the change in tempera
ture mentioned, it actually results in
an increase of three pounds pressure
per square inch, L e., if the temperature
of the air in a tire increases from 60
degrees to 80 degrees the air pressure
increases from 60 to 63 pounds.
Heat Injures Bnbber.
On a hot day it will be observed that
driving a tire soft for some distance
over a brick pavement will heat it con
siderably more than the tire upon the
opposite wheel, inflated to a higher
pressure. This is caused naturally by
the increased bending in the side walls
of the soft tire and the increased road
friction due to deflection; the excessive
bending and heating is detrimental in
many respects. The deflection and wave
in front of the tires requires more
power from the engine. The kneading
action results in separating of the rub
ber cover from the body and the several
plies of fabric in the body do not take
bumps and strains of traction uniform
ly and have a tendency to work loose.
Chafing then occurs and ultimately a
blowout
Pinched inner tubes are usually
caused by the tires being under pres
sure and not fitting snugly to the rims.
The adhesion of a tube to the ease
and deterioration of the rubber may be
caused by a lack of lubrication, but as
a usual thing may be traced to exces
sive hebting from riding the tire soft.
Beinflate the tires occasionally, as
the inner tubes are slightly permeable.
When the rubber is heated to 80 de
grees or more 15 per cent to 20 per cent
of the pressure is lost It is not ad
visable to. Inflate tires with the ex
haust from the engine, as oil and cer
tain gases are destructive to the rub
ber. This does not have reference to
pumps operated by power from the en
gine. Air is the best for inflation.
Occasionally deflate the tires and fill
with fresh supply of air.
Congress Of Farm Women Succeeds
QROBABLY no organization in recent
Y years has met with the success and
encouragement that has been the lot of
"The International Congress of Farm
Women." Its objects and ideals are of
the highest, and the ends that it hopes
to attain are worthy of all effort and
support necessary to .carry them to a
complete realization. The congress was
born of the needs of better social and
economical conditions in rural homes.
It is the ultimate hope of those direct
ing the work of the congress to make
the work of the woman on the farm,
in her every day labor, just as pleasant
as is the work of the woman in the
city who has every modern convenience
at hand. Generally speaking, there is
no good reason why this hope cannot
be attained. The most modern machin
ery for the easy accomplishment of the
man's work on the farm is to be seen
everywhere, but in few places indeed is
it found that the woman has much of
modern and labor saving equipment for
the performance of her part of the
work. The following paragraphs will
tell briefly what the congress is and
what it hopes to do:
It is an organization composed of
women who have caught the vision of
an ideal life on the farm. Women who
know the hardships, which in the past
have been endured, and who are will
ing to put their shoulders to the wheel
and lift some of the loneliness out of
life and make the sun shine brightly
over what has heretofore been a dreary
horizon.
Organized at Colorado Springs.
The American division of this farm
women's movement was organized at
Colorado Springs in October, 1911, co
ordinate with the Dry Farming Con
gress. It is now affiliated with many
other national congresses, making one
great international union, in which
twenty-eight nations are represented;
and it is destined to become one of the
greatest institutions for good the world
has ever known.
As an organization it is not political;
nor is it religious, except to extend a
helping hand to the women of all na
tions, no matter what race, religion or
color.
Its motto is not to reach up or reach
down, but to BEACH OUT.
Its members are inviting the national
and state government to recognize the
needs of the farm women, who have
ever been the balanee wheel of civilization.
They are pointing ont the dangers of
the rapid growth of the cities, with a
corresponding decrease of the rural
dwellers.
They are preaching a doctrine of
thrift and the kingship of labor, point
ing ont the road to happiness through
the paths of useful employment. Thus
encouraging the "back to the farm
movement"
Virtue and Worth.
They are carrying on unbiased ex
periments with modern inventions, cal
culated to save labor in farm homes,
trying to help farm women discriminate
between the utterly useless and really
useful.
They are watching the development
of the consolidated schools urging the
teaching of domestic science and prac
tical housekeeping.
The congress stands for the oneness
of humanity, the co-operation of hand
and brain.
It deals only with that which has vir
tue and worth, that which can give
freedom and truth to its members, and
will add to the welfare of the whole
human race.
The congress lives that the farm
women of the world may live more. It
speaks to give encouragement, inspira
tion and joy. It studies to keep in touch
with progress and pass the good things
along. It works in order to be of serv
ice to humanity.
Every thought, word and action in
behalf of the organization is to enrich,
ennoble and beautify the lives of
women in rural communities.
The American division of the con
gress urges the eo-operation of all inde
pendent local organizations and indi
viduals that are interested in social eco
nomic advancement in rural commun
ities in the United States, Canada and
Mexico. All such are nrged to com
municate with Mrs. Belle Van Dorn
Harbert, president International Con
gress of Farm Women, Manzanola,
Colo., or the secretary, Mrs. Mary
Pierce Van Zile, dean of women, K. 8.
A. College, Manhattan, Kan.
Merchants, Attention!
There Is Money in Tour Old Freight Bills.
Let the Trans-Continental Traffic Association Find It for Ton.
If ron ire a merchant who pays railroad or expreil charges we can
greatly benefit ron and roar business as a member of thla Association. It
is the aim of THE TRANS-CONTINENTAL TRAFFIC ASSOCIATION to
embody all of the shippers and receivers of freight within the States of
Oregon and Washington into one strong shippers' association.
We are a permanent Institution for the benefit of the merchants, with
general office maintained at Portland. This association is prepared at
any time to handle and girt expert service and information on freight rout
ing, tariff rate and classification, overcharge, lose and damage claims.
Interstate Commerce eomplainta and rate litigation, in fact, to protect and
assist the shipper from every standpoint of his transportation.
We have proved that an association of this kind carries strength and
commands respect of the railroads, especially in the filing of claims for
overcharges, etc It is a well-known fact that auditing companies, operating
en a percentage of the amonnts recovered as overcharges, have little respect
or standing with the railroads, and that a larger percentage of the claims
filed by them with the carriers are declined dne to lack of necessary evi
dence and knowledge required to present claims of merit in the proper man
ner so as to reach the higher authority over the regular clerical help of the
railroads.
To any shipper or receiver of freight the services of this association are
invaluable and no operating business can afford to be without it.
We earnestly urge every merchant to take advantage of our SPECIAL
INTRODUCTORY OFFER. Our regular membership fee Is Ten Dollars.
For thirty days we will deduct this fee from the overcharges found in your
freight bills and return to you 60 per eent of the balance, thus, without
any cash outlay, you are made a member of one of the strongest and most
efficient traffic organization! in the West. .
Write Us Today
The Trans-Continental Traffic
Association
411-412-413-414-415 Panama Building
Portland, Oregon.
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