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About The Athena press. (Athena, Umatilla County, Or.) 18??-1942 | View Entire Issue (June 25, 1909)
For Filling Sack. In filling sacks with grain, flour, ce ment, etc., it has been found impossible for one man to do the work. A second laborer is required to hold open the mouth of the bag while the other does the filling. The necessity of the ex tra laborer is eliminated in the sack Olling apparatus shown here, the in dention of a Washington man. This ipparatus was designed primarily to provide a device by which bags could be quickly and economically filled by ene man. A hopper is provided, to which a pulley is attached at one end. At the front are the frameg for sup porting the bags after the later have been fastened in position. The grain or other article to be placed In the fcdLJ HOLDS BAGS OPEN dm gs is shoveled Into the hopper, from which it drops by gravity Into the bags. As the grain descends the bags are ihaken at regular Intervals by an ar rangement attached to the pulley. The Jags ure In this way automatically lifted off the ground a trifle ut each turn of the pulley, allowing the grain :o settle, filling the hags to their ut aiost capacity. This does away with :he ordinary laborious method formerly employed by hand. It Is claimed that the bags can be filled in one-fourth the time heretofore required and by one unn. ' , Causes of Roup. When fowls crow at night, which is the fact when tho number quartered Is greater than the capacity of the house, they sweat. This sweating causes the feathers to rot at the base, giving them the very appearance of molting. This explains why so many flocks look ragged lu early summer. It Is a noted fact that the majority of cases where roup has become epi demic among fowls the hitter were crowded In tightly-built houses when the weather Is very cold and allowing the houses to remain closed all the next day. This creates n moisture which generates dampness, and the whole house feels very much like a vault. At night the house is more or less filled with dampness emanating from the fowls' breath, but If, on the following morning, tho windows are opened wide, this dampness will bo dispelled. This Is a great point in favor of the scratch ing Bhed plan of house. 11 ok Cholera. The Kansas experiment station has carried out an extensive series of ex periments along tho line of hog chol era and its prevention. The method of rendering hogs immune to tho dis ease was by vaccination. A virus was Introduced into the system which re acted upon possible contagion, thus protecting the animal against the dis ease for n period of several months, Tho experiment showed that through this process the successfully vaccinated hog la Immunized and can be kept with no risk of infection for a period long enough to fatten and prepare for market. Popnlnr Breed of Ponltry, Leghorns if compelled to roost in fold houses and pick a living from the Blush of a barnyard will not lay. Hut when warmly housed and prop erly fed they are the best of winter layers. The best bred leghorns are practical!? non-slr- ers and should -JLii not be eonnteil nn to rear their young. For those who are so situated that they can hatch md rear their pullets artificially or with hens of other breeds, and who rive their hens suitable care in winter, lite leghorn will prove a very protltable breed for the farm. I UK lJXlHOHlf. Wash Eicua tor Market, It would in a sense be better to waBh eggs sent to market than to send them lu a dirty condition. But washed eggs havo no keeping qualities. The water appears to dissolve the gela tinous substance which seals the pores of the shell, and air is thus admitted aud soon starts decomposition. The better way to treat dirty eggs is to take a woolen rag only slightly mois tened with water and gently rub off tb dirt Transplanting, As the time approaches for removing young plants from the flats in the house or from the hotbed outside, nn extra amount of airing must be given to harden them. Plants which have started Indoors or under glass are more or less tender and will not be able to thrive under the rigor of early spring planting without treatment. They must become hardened, or accli mated, to the new conditions. At least a week before transplanting remove the sash entirely from the hot bed during the day and allow abund ance of ventilation at night, except when heavy frost threatens. This will give the plants practically an outsido temperature for the greater part of the day and they will grow stronger and harder thereby. At this time also less watering should be given to check growth and make the plants more re sistant to the cold. All plants can en dure a lower degree of temperature un der dry than under moist conditions.- Most seedlings are transplanted di rect from the flat or hotbed to the open garden when they havo attained a height of from four to six inches or more. When facilities are at hand a better way is to first transplant them to a cold frame, which Is the same as a hotbed without the heat. In the cold frames they become accustomed to low er temperature and are still protected from frost of nights and on cold days. A still better way Is to transplant the young plants at the appearance of their second or third set of true leaves to two Inch flower pots. Disking Alfalfa. The work of disking alfalfa requires a little bit of skill. The disk must be set Just so it will cut the ground suf ficiently and do as little damage as possible. A little experience will en able any Intelligent man to do the very best work in the field. There are times and conditions when the spring tooth harrow may do all right, but goner ally nothing but a good sharp disk with enough big horses in front and a com petent man on the seat can do the work. I use only the smoothing har row In the early spring, but after each mowing I use a disk or spring tooth, whichever I think best, always finish ing with a spike tooth, so as to leave the field In the very best possible con dldon for the growing crop. It is a real pleasure to see the alfalfa start out anew and grow about one inch a day on an average. Denver Field and Farm. Foundered Horses. A. 8. Alexander, veternary surgeon, explodes the old Idea that a horse can become "chest-foundered."- He says that such cases are those suffering from chronic founder (larainltis), which affects the feet and not the chest. In old-standing cases of foot lameness the chest muscles may waste away in sympathy, and that fact has led to the "chest founder" Idea. Such a horse should be shod with wlde-webbed, flat bar shoes, put on over dressing of tar and oakum, and a thick leather sole. Then clip off the hair and blister the hoof heads (coronets) of forefeet with a mixture of one dram of blnlodlde of mercury and fwo ounces of cerate of canthaiides rubbed In for fifteen min utes. Wash blister off In forty-eight hours, then apply lard dally. Blister every three or four weeks. A Cow Yard Gateway, 0 A handy entrance luto the cow yard Is made by cutting the wires between posts and putting In two tall posts. Wire them together at top, put on fence wires and you can get through, but the cows cannot. F.leetro-Chemieal Fertilizers, By the aid of eloctro-cueinlcal pro duct Ion of manures containing atmos pheric nitrogen. Germany expects soon to largely decrease its Importations of saltpetre from Chill. Helpful Hints. Oil up the work harness. The neglected colt or calf will prove profitless. Cattle will never do well in the same pasture as sheep. Wood charcoal should always be kept in the hog pen. How are the farm Implements? Any of them need repairs? To improve live stock, requires in telligence aud thought. It Is a good plan to have the horses and cows clean up their mangers after each feed. There Is such a thing as overfeeding. Feed stock all the food they will as similate, but not more. Don't have a lot of manure lying lu the yards all summer. It will lose just about half of its value by fall. 'it is better to feed the cows fodder and hay after milking, as it keeps the dust down. Feed the grain before milking. IKm't plant poor, weak seed.com next spring. It Is time and money thrown away. There Is plenty of good, twn seed to be had. A BLOODLESS REVOLUTION. Movement for Turkish Constitution Started at Macedonia. No portion of the dominion of the Sultan of Turkey suffered more se verely under the despotic rule of Ab dul Hamid than the territory com monly known as Macedonia. It has been the center of disturbances in the empire for many years and its Chris tian inhabitants have been subjected to awful hardships and tortures. Yet it was at Monaster, in Macedonia, where the . movement started which forced the Sultan to proclaim a con stitution. The garrison there, which had been won over to the side of the Young Turkey party, mutinied because of a wrong inflicted on them by a gen eral who stood high in the Sultan's favor and shot the general. Abdul TIIE Sl'LTAJI OF TURKEY. Hamid raged and stormed and ordered regiments from Smyrna, Salonlca and other military posts to advance against the mutineers and exterminate them. The troops refused to move, for they, too, had become imbued with the prin ciples of the Young Turkey party. The Sultan sent trusted officials to see why his orders had not been obeyed. They were promptly shot. At this Juncture MaJ. Niazier, commanding- the garrison at Salonlca, sent a message to the Sultan: "I'roelalm a constitution at once or I will march on Constantinople at the head of 300,000 men." The Sul tan sought to temporize, but the time for that hndpassed. The garrison at Sa lonlca boldly proclaimed a constitution, and for the first time since Turkish rule had extended over Macedonia the name of the Sultan was Ignored in the religions services In every mosque in ITT r V fK$V' A MACEDONIAN SHEPHERD. that province, or eyulet. Thus seeing his power as temporal spiritual rtiler meltlug away, Abdul Hamid proclaimed a constitution, and the practically bloodless revolution was accomplished. The accompanying Illustration shows a Macedonian shepherd In his national costume, for whom and for those of which he is a type a new era now dawns. COST OF LIVING IN NEW YORK. Mora than Ono Can Ever Hope to Kara In Wanes. Economy Is nothing but poverty In New York, by contrast with the abnor mal demands that living Involves. Spending 5 cents for breakfast, going without luncheon, and paying a dollar for dinner is economy for a single man. A breakfast that costs SO cents and a dinner 00 cents Is poverty. The board-lug-house life is poverty; the lodging house llfo Is something worse ; and the ordinary life In a flat Is voluntary ser vitude, says a writer In Harper's Week ly. Sociologists claim that the lowest possible yearly expense for a working man with a wife and three children, embodying a normal standard of Hy ing, is $05'X The statement was "made recently by tho New York department of charities that the average laborer's family in Now York Is existing on about $700 a year. The minimum rate of rent on the east side for the barest decencies is $4 a month. Coal costs from 10 cents to 15 cents a pall, a fab ulous price when estimated by the ton. Yet bet wean this poverty and the "economy" of the small-salaried em ploye who is compelled to adjust his earnings to the demands of his occupa tion there is small difference. We live in New York by the cost, rather than value of things. An apple purchased on 5th avenue costs twice as much as the same apple bought on 14th street The dollar Bowery shirt costs twice as much on Broadway. This is the city where they "pay the price." The self-indulgent man who spends $300 a day has not saved his money out of his wages. The woman who could not manage her household for a season on less than $75,000 is not the daughter or tile wife of a wage-earner. Economical beginners really have no actual relation to the existing prob lem of living in New York. What does It cost to live in Now York? More than you can ever hope to earn in wages; and, so far as the chances of speculation are concerned, that infers the necessity of "pull." If you haven't a "pull," social or political or financial, your speculative chances are slight. Obviously this state of restless endurance is demoralizing. It undermines character. Presently you find yourself following the procession of people who are living beyond their means because they seem to be enjoy ing themselves at It. The only way to live within your in come In New York is to become blind to the extravagances and allurements that make this the metropolis, and to sacrifice the pleasures of temptation for the comforts of an honorable old age. THE ORIGIN OP LAKES. English Geologist Advances a High ly Novel Theory. The position of the earlier geologists, standing, as they appeared to do, on the solid foundations of the earth, once seemed to be Impregnable. But recent discoveries, notably that of radium, have unsettled many of the older be liefs and theories. And now a very eminent geologist has advanced a new and very Interesting theory regarding the origin of lakes and mountain tarns. Hitherto glacial action has been ac cepted as a sufficient explanation of the existence of these bodies of water, but the investigations carried on by Prof. Garwood of England tend to es tablish the probability that In many In stances the gradual solution of dolomite Is the cause. In Tals recent address be fore the Geologists' Association at Uni versity College, London, a carefully prepared, model of Lake Rltoon, Val Plora, near Alrolo, on a scale of about five inches to the mile, gave a very clear Illustration of the conditions sup porting Prof. Garwood's theory, and the opinion was expressed by those present that he had made out a good case. And what Is dolomite? the unscien tific reader may ask. Dolomite, named In honor of the French geologist Dolo mlcn, Is a calcium-magnesium carbonate thnt crystallizes in the hexagonal sys tem. It varies in color from white to reddish or greenish white, and, in some varieties, even reaches brown and black. Dolomite, both as a mineral and a rock, Is found in various parts of Europe and the United States. The crystallized varieties Include the pearl spar, which Is so called from its luster. The compact varieties are used as building stone. The houses of Parliament In London were built from a variety found at Bel iever Moor, and St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York City, is built from a variety found In Westchester County, N. Y. Calcined and slaked, dolomite yields a cement offering considerable resist ance to the action of water. The same mineral, when treated with sulphuric acid, yields calcium and magnesium sulphates and Is used in the manufac ture of Epsom salts. HOME ADDRESSES. Brltona Hare to Use a Lot of Words to Write Them. Have you ever observed, asked the man who crosses twice a year, how we have It on the British In the matter of addresses? For instance, a New Yorker will give his address in this compact fashion; Philip Robinson, 200 W. 81st street, N. Y. But your traveling Briton may have to inscribe himself somewhat after the following style : Mr. Herbert R. Eustace W. Plunket Ferguson, Q. C, G. C. M. G., 0. B., The Shrubbery, 8 Tankerville Terrace, Blenheim road, Mowbray street, Kensington, W., London, Eng. In olden times, before the system of numbers had been introduced at all and cities were still a maze of little streets, addresses were a very compli cated affair. I once saw an authentic specimen of a professional card of the year 1709. It was that of a celebrated French engraver. It ran like this: , Papillou, Engraver on Wood of the Society of Arts, Paris: Blevre street, near the place Maubert, Next door to the porte cochere on the right, In the long alley, Ou the second floor up the grand stair case. Harper's Weekly. The Trouble. .-r Lowe Coiuerdy Yes, Starman, the tragedian, is hopelessly mad. HI Tragedy-Overstudy? Lowe Comerdy No, his understudy. n made a bigger hit lu the part thaa Stariwm. Philadelphia Pres. Roy'e Wife of Aldlvalloeh. Roy's wife of Aldlvalloeh, Roy's wife of Aldlvalloeh,- Wat ye how She cheated me As I cam' o'er the braes of Balloch? She vow'd, she swore she wad be mine, She said she lo'ed me beet o' onle ; But, ah 1 the fickle, faithless quean, She's ta'en the carl, and left her John nle. Roy's wife of Aldlvalloeh, Roy's wife of Aldlvalloeh, . Wat ye how she cheated me - As I cam' o'er the braes of Balloch 1 Oh, she was a canty quean , An' weel could dance the Hieland wa) loch! How happy I, had she been mine. Or I been Roy of Aldivalloch I Her hair sae fair, her' e'en sae clear, Her wee bit mou' sae sweet and bon nle I To me she ever will be dear, Though she's forever left her Johnnie. Anon. Long Time Ago. Near the lake where droop'd the willow, Long time ago I Where the rock threw back the billow, Brighter than snow ; Dwelt a maid, belov'd and cherish'd By high and low; But with autumn's left she perished Long time ago I Rock and tree and flowing water, Long time ago! Bee and bird and blossom taught her Love's spell to know ! While to my fond words she listened, Murmuring low, Tenderly her dove-eves glistened Long time ago ! , Mingled where our hearts forever ! Long time ago ! Can I now forget her? never ! No, lost one, no ! ' To her grave these tears are given Ever to flow ; She's the star I miss'd from Heaven Long time ago ! George P. Morris. FOR CATCHING ANIMALS. Grappling Tonga Make Capture of Little Deasta Easy. Any person who has tried to catch a pig or other small animal In even a comparatively restricted space will appreciate the value of the animal catcher invented by an Oklahoman. By means of this device the capture of elusive little beasts is made compara tively easy, and It will no doubt be much In demand among farmers and butchers. The contrivance consists of a pair of grappling tongs with pivoted curved Jaws and foldable arms. One of these arms fits over a pole and a JAWS SEIZE THE LEO. rope is slipped through a ring at one end of the other arm, at the same time being slipped through a short chain at the intersection. In'uslng the catch er the operator seizes the animals leg with the Jaws of the Instrument and pulls the rope, which closes the Jaws tight The big advantage derived Is that the pursuer need not continually stoop and hurl himself at a fugitive to grasp its leg with his own hands, a proceeding maddening In Its frequent failures and loss of dignity. , HOSE REEL. Improved Hose Reel. The excellently constructed reel for garden hose shown In the Illustration below is the recent invention of an Oregon man. At best, long lengths of gar den hose are exceed ingly cumbersome to handle, but with the assistance of this ap paratus the problem becomes easy. It Is not necessary to un ravel all the hose be fore the supply of wa ter can be turned on. The end carrying the nozzle Is always free to operate, the water flowing un obstructed through the unusued hose encircling the reel. Moving the ap paratus backward or forward lengthens or shortens the line of hose but does not Interfere with the flow of fte wa ter, which is at all times unimpeded. In addition, a spigot Is arranged on the axle to regulate the flow of the wa ter. The axle Is Willow, the water traveling through the hose Into the axle and out of one end of the axle into the short length of hoae terminating In the nozzle. Difficult, Indeed Shortlelgh Tryln to be independent without capital Is as difficult as DeLong Well, as what? Shortlelgh As trying to learn the art of boxing from a book, THE WEEKLY ISTORIAN 1609 Henry Hudson sailed from Holland in search of the Northwest passage. 1774 The bill,, for closing the port of Boston received the royal assent. 1775 New York Colonial Legislature held its last session. 1799 The New York Legislature passed a law for the gradual abolition of slavery in that State. 1S04 A French cruiser blockaded the port of Charleston, S. C....A11 the territory ceded to the United States by the State of Georgia, north of the Mississippi territory and south of Tennessee, annexed to Mississippi by act of Congress. 1812 Congress passed an embargo law for ninety days .... Bada jos, an im portant barrier fortress in south western Spain, surrendered to the French under Marshal Soult. 1829 A large section of Augusta, Gtu, . destroyed by fire. , 1830 Survey made for laying out the city of Chicago. 1841 The foundations of the Mormon temple were laid at Nauvoo, 111. 1850 More than 400 persons perished in the wreck of the steamer Royal Ade laide off Margate, England. 1852 Tremont Temple, Boston, destroy ed by fire. 1854 First treaty between the United States and Japan signed.... A com bined force of Americans and Jtiin-, gllsh attacked and routed a Chinese . imperial army of 10,000 at Shanghai. 1855 Bronze equestrian statue of uen, Andrew Jackson unveiled in New1 Orleans. .. .Gore expedition left St,. Louis to explore the headwaters of the Powder River in Montana... The State prison at Nashville, Tenn, ' destroyed by fire.... The ' electrio telegraph between London and Bal aclava completed. ....,, 1801 South Carolina convention ratified the Confederate constitution. 1804 House of Representatives adopted resolutions declaring that France -would not be allowed to form a mon archy in Mexico. 18C8 Michigan voted against negro suf- . frage. 1870 A bill re-admitting Texas to rep resentation in Congress was ap proved. 1872 Earthquake at Antioch, resulting in the loss of 1,000 lives. 1S73 Nearly 500 lives lost in the wreck of the steamship Atlantic off the coast of Nova Scotia. 1875 Riots of striking coal miners In Pennsylvania. 1881 Decennial census of the Dominion of Canada showed the population to be 4,324,810. 1882 Steamer Golden Gate burned neat Memphis, with loss of twenty lives ....Jesse James, noted desperado, killed by the Ford brothers, at St Joseph, Mo. 1883 Ship of war Hawk burned at Port Discovery, Washington. 1884 House of Representatives passed a bill for the redemption of the silver trade dollar. . . .Rioters attacked and burned the ' court bouse in Cincin nati. 1888 Four thousand persons killed by earthquake at Yunnan, China. 1892 Mormon temple at Salt Lake City completed. 1894 President Cleveland vetoed the Bland silver bill. 1895 The Iowa Supreme Court sustain ed the construction of the mulct law of 1894. i.f 1900 Queen Victoria visited Ireland, landing at Queenstown. . . .The Ken tucky court of appeals declared Beck ham Governor. 1903 Statue to William E. Gladstone erected in Westminster Abbey. 1904 Chicago voted for municipal own ership of street railways. 1908 The Czar dissolved the Finnish diet for expressed sympathy with the Terrorists. .. .The Fifth Avenue Ho tel of New York closed its doors.. 4. General suspension of bituminous coal mining occurred pending settle ment of new scale.. PRAIRIE DOGS TO BE POISONED, Coated Wheat Is to Be Fed to Enemy of Farmers in the West- Poisoned wheat is to be used as bait to kill off the prairie dogs, the stockmen's enemy, that now infest Arizona and New Mexico and have become a menace to the forest ranges there. On ranch lands prai rie dogs have been destructive to wheat, grain, potatoes and sugar beets; while on grazing lands they destroy so much grass that the grazing capacity of the land is reduced to 75 per cent Last spring a successful campaign was waged against the prairie dog and this year It will be conducted on a larger scale. The poison is prepared by coating the wheat with a preparation -of strychnine, cyanide of potassium, anise oil and molasses. Births In America Decreasing;. According to figures compiled by the Census Bureau, the birth rate in- this country has fallen off, decidedly. In 1790 the average family in this country con sisted of 5.8 persons and in 1900 it was only 4.6 persons. The ratio of children to women since 1790 has been cut in half, the number being in 1900 one child to each woman over 16 years old, the same as the ratio in Great Britain at that time. . In France it was .8, and io Germany 1.1.