For Filling Sack.
In filling sacks with grain, flour, ce
ment, etc., it has been found impossible
for one man to do the work. A second
laborer is required to hold open the
mouth of the bag while the other does
the filling. The necessity of the ex
tra laborer is eliminated in the sack
Olling apparatus shown here, the in
dention of a Washington man. This
ipparatus was designed primarily to
provide a device by which bags could
be quickly and economically filled by
ene man. A hopper is provided, to
which a pulley is attached at one end.
At the front are the frameg for sup
porting the bags after the later have
been fastened in position. The grain
or other article to be placed In the
fcdLJ
HOLDS BAGS OPEN
dm gs is shoveled Into the hopper, from
which it drops by gravity Into the bags.
As the grain descends the bags are
ihaken at regular Intervals by an ar
rangement attached to the pulley. The
Jags ure In this way automatically
lifted off the ground a trifle ut each
turn of the pulley, allowing the grain
:o settle, filling the hags to their ut
aiost capacity. This does away with
:he ordinary laborious method formerly
employed by hand. It Is claimed that
the bags can be filled in one-fourth the
time heretofore required and by one
unn. ' ,
Causes of Roup.
When fowls crow at night, which is
the fact when tho number quartered Is
greater than the capacity of the house,
they sweat. This sweating causes the
feathers to rot at the base, giving them
the very appearance of molting. This
explains why so many flocks look
ragged lu early summer.
It Is a noted fact that the majority
of cases where roup has become epi
demic among fowls the hitter were
crowded In tightly-built houses when
the weather Is very cold and allowing
the houses to remain closed all the next
day. This creates n moisture which
generates dampness, and the whole
house feels very much like a vault. At
night the house is more or less filled
with dampness emanating from the
fowls' breath, but If, on the following
morning, tho windows are opened wide,
this dampness will bo dispelled. This
Is a great point in favor of the scratch
ing Bhed plan of house.
11 ok Cholera.
The Kansas experiment station has
carried out an extensive series of ex
periments along tho line of hog chol
era and its prevention. The method
of rendering hogs immune to tho dis
ease was by vaccination. A virus was
Introduced into the system which re
acted upon possible contagion, thus
protecting the animal against the dis
ease for n period of several months,
Tho experiment showed that through
this process the successfully vaccinated
hog la Immunized and can be kept with
no risk of infection for a period long
enough to fatten and prepare for market.
Popnlnr Breed of Ponltry,
Leghorns if compelled to roost in
fold houses and pick a living from
the Blush of a barnyard will not lay.
Hut when warmly
housed and prop
erly fed they are
the best of winter
layers. The best
bred leghorns are
practical!? non-slr-
ers and should
-JLii not be eonnteil nn
to rear their
young. For those
who are so situated that they can hatch
md rear their pullets artificially or
with hens of other breeds, and who
rive their hens suitable care in winter,
lite leghorn will prove a very protltable
breed for the farm.
I UK lJXlHOHlf.
Wash Eicua tor Market,
It would in a sense be better to
waBh eggs sent to market than to send
them lu a dirty condition. But washed
eggs havo no keeping qualities. The
water appears to dissolve the gela
tinous substance which seals the pores
of the shell, and air is thus admitted
aud soon starts decomposition. The
better way to treat dirty eggs is to
take a woolen rag only slightly mois
tened with water and gently rub off
tb dirt
Transplanting,
As the time approaches for removing
young plants from the flats in the
house or from the hotbed outside, nn
extra amount of airing must be given
to harden them. Plants which have
started Indoors or under glass are
more or less tender and will not be
able to thrive under the rigor of early
spring planting without treatment.
They must become hardened, or accli
mated, to the new conditions.
At least a week before transplanting
remove the sash entirely from the hot
bed during the day and allow abund
ance of ventilation at night, except
when heavy frost threatens. This will
give the plants practically an outsido
temperature for the greater part of the
day and they will grow stronger and
harder thereby. At this time also less
watering should be given to check
growth and make the plants more re
sistant to the cold. All plants can en
dure a lower degree of temperature un
der dry than under moist conditions.-
Most seedlings are transplanted di
rect from the flat or hotbed to the open
garden when they havo attained a
height of from four to six inches or
more. When facilities are at hand a
better way is to first transplant them
to a cold frame, which Is the same as
a hotbed without the heat. In the cold
frames they become accustomed to low
er temperature and are still protected
from frost of nights and on cold days.
A still better way Is to transplant the
young plants at the appearance of
their second or third set of true leaves
to two Inch flower pots.
Disking Alfalfa.
The work of disking alfalfa requires
a little bit of skill. The disk must be
set Just so it will cut the ground suf
ficiently and do as little damage as
possible. A little experience will en
able any Intelligent man to do the very
best work in the field. There are times
and conditions when the spring tooth
harrow may do all right, but goner
ally nothing but a good sharp disk with
enough big horses in front and a com
petent man on the seat can do the
work. I use only the smoothing har
row In the early spring, but after each
mowing I use a disk or spring tooth,
whichever I think best, always finish
ing with a spike tooth, so as to leave
the field In the very best possible con
dldon for the growing crop. It is a
real pleasure to see the alfalfa start
out anew and grow about one inch a
day on an average. Denver Field and
Farm.
Foundered Horses.
A. 8. Alexander, veternary surgeon,
explodes the old Idea that a horse can
become "chest-foundered."- He says
that such cases are those suffering
from chronic founder (larainltis),
which affects the feet and not the chest.
In old-standing cases of foot lameness
the chest muscles may waste away in
sympathy, and that fact has led to
the "chest founder" Idea. Such a horse
should be shod with wlde-webbed, flat
bar shoes, put on over dressing of tar
and oakum, and a thick leather sole.
Then clip off the hair and blister the
hoof heads (coronets) of forefeet with
a mixture of one dram of blnlodlde of
mercury and fwo ounces of cerate of
canthaiides rubbed In for fifteen min
utes. Wash blister off In forty-eight
hours, then apply lard dally. Blister
every three or four weeks.
A Cow Yard Gateway,
0
A handy entrance luto the cow yard
Is made by cutting the wires between
posts and putting In two tall posts.
Wire them together at top, put on
fence wires and you can get through,
but the cows cannot.
F.leetro-Chemieal Fertilizers,
By the aid of eloctro-cueinlcal pro
duct Ion of manures containing atmos
pheric nitrogen. Germany expects soon
to largely decrease its Importations of
saltpetre from Chill.
Helpful Hints.
Oil up the work harness.
The neglected colt or calf will prove
profitless.
Cattle will never do well in the same
pasture as sheep.
Wood charcoal should always be
kept in the hog pen.
How are the farm Implements? Any
of them need repairs?
To improve live stock, requires in
telligence aud thought.
It Is a good plan to have the horses
and cows clean up their mangers after
each feed.
There Is such a thing as overfeeding.
Feed stock all the food they will as
similate, but not more.
Don't have a lot of manure lying
lu the yards all summer. It will lose
just about half of its value by fall.
'it is better to feed the cows fodder
and hay after milking, as it keeps
the dust down. Feed the grain before
milking.
IKm't plant poor, weak seed.com
next spring. It Is time and money
thrown away. There Is plenty of good,
twn seed to be had.
A BLOODLESS REVOLUTION.
Movement for Turkish Constitution
Started at Macedonia.
No portion of the dominion of the
Sultan of Turkey suffered more se
verely under the despotic rule of Ab
dul Hamid than the territory com
monly known as Macedonia. It has
been the center of disturbances in the
empire for many years and its Chris
tian inhabitants have been subjected
to awful hardships and tortures. Yet
it was at Monaster, in Macedonia,
where the . movement started which
forced the Sultan to proclaim a con
stitution. The garrison there, which
had been won over to the side of the
Young Turkey party, mutinied because
of a wrong inflicted on them by a gen
eral who stood high in the Sultan's
favor and shot the general. Abdul
TIIE Sl'LTAJI OF TURKEY.
Hamid raged and stormed and ordered
regiments from Smyrna, Salonlca and
other military posts to advance against
the mutineers and exterminate them.
The troops refused to move, for they,
too, had become imbued with the prin
ciples of the Young Turkey party. The
Sultan sent trusted officials to see why
his orders had not been obeyed. They
were promptly shot. At this Juncture
MaJ. Niazier, commanding- the garrison
at Salonlca, sent a message to the
Sultan: "I'roelalm a constitution at
once or I will march on Constantinople
at the head of 300,000 men." The Sul
tan sought to temporize, but the time
for that hndpassed. The garrison at Sa
lonlca boldly proclaimed a constitution,
and for the first time since Turkish
rule had extended over Macedonia the
name of the Sultan was Ignored in the
religions services In every mosque in
ITT r
V fK$V'
A MACEDONIAN SHEPHERD.
that province, or eyulet. Thus seeing
his power as temporal spiritual rtiler
meltlug away, Abdul Hamid proclaimed
a constitution, and the practically
bloodless revolution was accomplished.
The accompanying Illustration shows
a Macedonian shepherd In his national
costume, for whom and for those of
which he is a type a new era now
dawns.
COST OF LIVING IN NEW YORK.
Mora than Ono Can Ever Hope to
Kara In Wanes.
Economy Is nothing but poverty In
New York, by contrast with the abnor
mal demands that living Involves.
Spending 5 cents for breakfast, going
without luncheon, and paying a dollar
for dinner is economy for a single man.
A breakfast that costs SO cents and a
dinner 00 cents Is poverty. The board-lug-house
life is poverty; the lodging
house llfo Is something worse ; and the
ordinary life In a flat Is voluntary ser
vitude, says a writer In Harper's Week
ly. Sociologists claim that the lowest
possible yearly expense for a working
man with a wife and three children,
embodying a normal standard of Hy
ing, is $05'X The statement was "made
recently by tho New York department
of charities that the average laborer's
family in Now York Is existing on
about $700 a year. The minimum rate
of rent on the east side for the barest
decencies is $4 a month. Coal costs
from 10 cents to 15 cents a pall, a fab
ulous price when estimated by the ton.
Yet bet wean this poverty and the
"economy" of the small-salaried em
ploye who is compelled to adjust his
earnings to the demands of his occupa
tion there is small difference. We live
in New York by the cost, rather than
value of things. An apple purchased
on 5th avenue costs twice as much as
the same apple bought on 14th street
The dollar Bowery shirt costs twice as
much on Broadway. This is the city
where they "pay the price."
The self-indulgent man who spends
$300 a day has not saved his money
out of his wages. The woman who
could not manage her household for a
season on less than $75,000 is not the
daughter or tile wife of a wage-earner.
Economical beginners really have
no actual relation to the existing prob
lem of living in New York.
What does It cost to live in Now
York? More than you can ever hope to
earn in wages; and, so far as the
chances of speculation are concerned,
that infers the necessity of "pull." If
you haven't a "pull," social or political
or financial, your speculative chances
are slight. Obviously this state of
restless endurance is demoralizing. It
undermines character. Presently you
find yourself following the procession
of people who are living beyond their
means because they seem to be enjoy
ing themselves at It.
The only way to live within your in
come In New York is to become blind
to the extravagances and allurements
that make this the metropolis, and to
sacrifice the pleasures of temptation
for the comforts of an honorable old
age.
THE ORIGIN OP LAKES.
English Geologist Advances a High
ly Novel Theory.
The position of the earlier geologists,
standing, as they appeared to do, on
the solid foundations of the earth, once
seemed to be Impregnable. But recent
discoveries, notably that of radium,
have unsettled many of the older be
liefs and theories. And now a very
eminent geologist has advanced a new
and very Interesting theory regarding
the origin of lakes and mountain tarns.
Hitherto glacial action has been ac
cepted as a sufficient explanation of
the existence of these bodies of water,
but the investigations carried on by
Prof. Garwood of England tend to es
tablish the probability that In many In
stances the gradual solution of dolomite
Is the cause. In Tals recent address be
fore the Geologists' Association at Uni
versity College, London, a carefully
prepared, model of Lake Rltoon, Val
Plora, near Alrolo, on a scale of about
five inches to the mile, gave a very
clear Illustration of the conditions sup
porting Prof. Garwood's theory, and the
opinion was expressed by those present
that he had made out a good case.
And what Is dolomite? the unscien
tific reader may ask. Dolomite, named
In honor of the French geologist Dolo
mlcn, Is a calcium-magnesium carbonate
thnt crystallizes in the hexagonal sys
tem. It varies in color from white to
reddish or greenish white, and, in some
varieties, even reaches brown and black.
Dolomite, both as a mineral and a
rock, Is found in various parts of
Europe and the United States. The
crystallized varieties Include the pearl
spar, which Is so called from its luster.
The compact varieties are used as
building stone.
The houses of Parliament In London
were built from a variety found at Bel
iever Moor, and St. Patrick's Cathedral,
New York City, is built from a variety
found In Westchester County, N. Y.
Calcined and slaked, dolomite yields
a cement offering considerable resist
ance to the action of water. The same
mineral, when treated with sulphuric
acid, yields calcium and magnesium
sulphates and Is used in the manufac
ture of Epsom salts.
HOME ADDRESSES.
Brltona Hare to Use a Lot of Words
to Write Them.
Have you ever observed, asked the
man who crosses twice a year, how we
have It on the British In the matter
of addresses? For instance, a New
Yorker will give his address in this
compact fashion;
Philip Robinson,
200 W. 81st street, N. Y.
But your traveling Briton may have
to inscribe himself somewhat after the
following style :
Mr. Herbert R. Eustace W. Plunket
Ferguson, Q. C, G. C. M. G., 0. B.,
The Shrubbery,
8 Tankerville Terrace,
Blenheim road, Mowbray street,
Kensington, W., London, Eng.
In olden times, before the system
of numbers had been introduced at all
and cities were still a maze of little
streets, addresses were a very compli
cated affair. I once saw an authentic
specimen of a professional card of the
year 1709. It was that of a celebrated
French engraver. It ran like this: ,
Papillou,
Engraver on Wood of the Society of
Arts,
Paris: Blevre street, near the place
Maubert,
Next door to the porte cochere on the
right,
In the long alley,
Ou the second floor up the grand stair
case. Harper's Weekly.
The Trouble. .-r
Lowe Coiuerdy Yes, Starman, the
tragedian, is hopelessly mad.
HI Tragedy-Overstudy?
Lowe Comerdy No, his understudy.
n made a bigger hit lu the part thaa
Stariwm. Philadelphia Pres.
Roy'e Wife of Aldlvalloeh.
Roy's wife of Aldlvalloeh,
Roy's wife of Aldlvalloeh,-
Wat ye how She cheated me
As I cam' o'er the braes of Balloch?
She vow'd, she swore she wad be mine,
She said she lo'ed me beet o' onle ;
But, ah 1 the fickle, faithless quean,
She's ta'en the carl, and left her John
nle.
Roy's wife of Aldlvalloeh,
Roy's wife of Aldlvalloeh, .
Wat ye how she cheated me -
As I cam' o'er the braes of Balloch 1
Oh, she was a canty quean ,
An' weel could dance the Hieland wa)
loch!
How happy I, had she been mine.
Or I been Roy of Aldivalloch I
Her hair sae fair, her' e'en sae clear,
Her wee bit mou' sae sweet and bon
nle I
To me she ever will be dear,
Though she's forever left her Johnnie.
Anon.
Long Time Ago.
Near the lake where droop'd the willow,
Long time ago I
Where the rock threw back the billow,
Brighter than snow ;
Dwelt a maid, belov'd and cherish'd
By high and low;
But with autumn's left she perished
Long time ago I
Rock and tree and flowing water,
Long time ago!
Bee and bird and blossom taught her
Love's spell to know !
While to my fond words she listened,
Murmuring low,
Tenderly her dove-eves glistened
Long time ago ! ,
Mingled where our hearts forever !
Long time ago !
Can I now forget her? never !
No, lost one, no ! '
To her grave these tears are given
Ever to flow ;
She's the star I miss'd from Heaven
Long time ago !
George P. Morris.
FOR CATCHING ANIMALS.
Grappling Tonga Make Capture of
Little Deasta Easy.
Any person who has tried to catch
a pig or other small animal In even
a comparatively restricted space will
appreciate the value of the animal
catcher invented by an Oklahoman. By
means of this device the capture of
elusive little beasts is made compara
tively easy, and It will no doubt be
much In demand among farmers and
butchers. The contrivance consists of
a pair of grappling tongs with pivoted
curved Jaws and foldable arms. One
of these arms fits over a pole and a
JAWS SEIZE THE LEO.
rope is slipped through a ring at one
end of the other arm, at the same time
being slipped through a short chain
at the intersection. In'uslng the catch
er the operator seizes the animals leg
with the Jaws of the Instrument and
pulls the rope, which closes the Jaws
tight The big advantage derived Is
that the pursuer need not continually
stoop and hurl himself at a fugitive
to grasp its leg with his own hands, a
proceeding maddening In Its frequent
failures and loss of dignity. ,
HOSE REEL.
Improved Hose Reel.
The excellently constructed reel for
garden hose shown In the Illustration
below is the recent invention of an
Oregon man. At best,
long lengths of gar
den hose are exceed
ingly cumbersome to
handle, but with the
assistance of this ap
paratus the problem
becomes easy. It Is
not necessary to un
ravel all the hose be
fore the supply of wa
ter can be turned on.
The end carrying the nozzle Is always
free to operate, the water flowing un
obstructed through the unusued hose
encircling the reel. Moving the ap
paratus backward or forward lengthens
or shortens the line of hose but does
not Interfere with the flow of fte wa
ter, which is at all times unimpeded.
In addition, a spigot Is arranged on the
axle to regulate the flow of the wa
ter. The axle Is Willow, the water
traveling through the hose Into the axle
and out of one end of the axle into
the short length of hoae terminating
In the nozzle.
Difficult, Indeed
Shortlelgh Tryln to be independent
without capital Is as difficult as
DeLong Well, as what?
Shortlelgh As trying to learn the
art of boxing from a book,
THE WEEKLY
ISTORIAN
1609 Henry Hudson sailed from Holland
in search of the Northwest passage.
1774 The bill,, for closing the port of
Boston received the royal assent.
1775 New York Colonial Legislature
held its last session.
1799 The New York Legislature passed
a law for the gradual abolition of
slavery in that State.
1S04 A French cruiser blockaded the
port of Charleston, S. C....A11 the
territory ceded to the United States
by the State of Georgia, north of the
Mississippi territory and south of
Tennessee, annexed to Mississippi by
act of Congress.
1812 Congress passed an embargo law
for ninety days .... Bada jos, an im
portant barrier fortress in south
western Spain, surrendered to the
French under Marshal Soult.
1829 A large section of Augusta, Gtu, .
destroyed by fire. ,
1830 Survey made for laying out the
city of Chicago.
1841 The foundations of the Mormon
temple were laid at Nauvoo, 111.
1850 More than 400 persons perished in
the wreck of the steamer Royal Ade
laide off Margate, England.
1852 Tremont Temple, Boston, destroy
ed by fire.
1854 First treaty between the United
States and Japan signed.... A com
bined force of Americans and Jtiin-,
gllsh attacked and routed a Chinese .
imperial army of 10,000 at Shanghai.
1855 Bronze equestrian statue of uen,
Andrew Jackson unveiled in New1
Orleans. .. .Gore expedition left St,.
Louis to explore the headwaters of
the Powder River in Montana...
The State prison at Nashville, Tenn, '
destroyed by fire.... The ' electrio
telegraph between London and Bal
aclava completed. ....,,
1801 South Carolina convention ratified
the Confederate constitution.
1804 House of Representatives adopted
resolutions declaring that France -would
not be allowed to form a mon
archy in Mexico.
18C8 Michigan voted against negro suf- .
frage.
1870 A bill re-admitting Texas to rep
resentation in Congress was ap
proved. 1872 Earthquake at Antioch, resulting
in the loss of 1,000 lives.
1S73 Nearly 500 lives lost in the wreck
of the steamship Atlantic off the
coast of Nova Scotia.
1875 Riots of striking coal miners In
Pennsylvania.
1881 Decennial census of the Dominion
of Canada showed the population to
be 4,324,810.
1882 Steamer Golden Gate burned neat
Memphis, with loss of twenty lives
....Jesse James, noted desperado,
killed by the Ford brothers, at St
Joseph, Mo.
1883 Ship of war Hawk burned at Port
Discovery, Washington.
1884 House of Representatives passed a
bill for the redemption of the silver
trade dollar. . . .Rioters attacked and
burned the ' court bouse in Cincin
nati. 1888 Four thousand persons killed by
earthquake at Yunnan, China.
1892 Mormon temple at Salt Lake City
completed.
1894 President Cleveland vetoed the
Bland silver bill.
1895 The Iowa Supreme Court sustain
ed the construction of the mulct law
of 1894. i.f
1900 Queen Victoria visited Ireland,
landing at Queenstown. . . .The Ken
tucky court of appeals declared Beck
ham Governor.
1903 Statue to William E. Gladstone
erected in Westminster Abbey.
1904 Chicago voted for municipal own
ership of street railways.
1908 The Czar dissolved the Finnish
diet for expressed sympathy with the
Terrorists. .. .The Fifth Avenue Ho
tel of New York closed its doors.. 4.
General suspension of bituminous
coal mining occurred pending settle
ment of new scale..
PRAIRIE DOGS TO BE POISONED,
Coated Wheat Is to Be Fed to Enemy
of Farmers in the West-
Poisoned wheat is to be used as bait to
kill off the prairie dogs, the stockmen's
enemy, that now infest Arizona and New
Mexico and have become a menace to the
forest ranges there. On ranch lands prai
rie dogs have been destructive to wheat,
grain, potatoes and sugar beets; while
on grazing lands they destroy so much
grass that the grazing capacity of the
land is reduced to 75 per cent Last
spring a successful campaign was waged
against the prairie dog and this year It
will be conducted on a larger scale. The
poison is prepared by coating the wheat
with a preparation -of strychnine, cyanide
of potassium, anise oil and molasses.
Births In America Decreasing;.
According to figures compiled by the
Census Bureau, the birth rate in- this
country has fallen off, decidedly. In 1790
the average family in this country con
sisted of 5.8 persons and in 1900 it was
only 4.6 persons. The ratio of children
to women since 1790 has been cut in
half, the number being in 1900 one child
to each woman over 16 years old, the
same as the ratio in Great Britain at
that time. . In France it was .8, and io
Germany 1.1.