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About The Bend bulletin. (Bend, Or.) 1903-1931 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 30, 1912)
PAQB 4 TIIK I1KND nUM.KTIN, HKNI). W IWNNBIUV, OOTOHUlt, 80, IIMO. WHY TAFT OB ROOSEVELT? Prlcss of Food Product! Have 8osrd Undsr Thsm, Yot Thty Premiss Rs duetlons. According to tho bullctla ot tho fed eral bureau of labor the overage prlco of a dosen or more of the principal ar ticles of food has Increased 60 per cent In tbo last ten years. Tbo price of Hour hno Increased 30 per cent, lartl KV per ccut, steak 00 per ceuU hama CI per cent, cornmcal C3 per cent, rib roast 03 per cent, round steak 81 per cent, pork cbops W per cent, bacon 00 per cent and IrUta potatoes lit per cent. During these ten years of rising prices ttoosevelt and Taft were at the bead of the government Botb of tbtm want to bo at tbo bead of tbe govern ment again. Does nny sane tnan bellero that If these men In ten years did nothing to retard tbe rise of prices which are oppressing tho people thejr would do nhythlng In four years? Itathor. Judg Ins by the past, we should bo poylnjr. approximately 25 per cent more than ire do now. or TO per cent mon tnan we did ten years ago. JAPANESK 8KB 1NTKKIOR. Mortto Ida, Japanese consul at Portland, with an associate, was bore ii mV mthnrlnir Information rcla- tiro to this territory. From here he mutn Mm to Silver Lake. Prlnovtllo and Laldlsw. Tho data he gathers Is tabulated ana Kept at mo roruanu offlco for tho benefit of Japancso bust ness men and others. There are, says Mr. Ida, 1000 Japanese In Port land and about 3000 In Oregon. NOTICK. Dend. Ore.. Oct. 23. 1912. I hare sold my interest and good will In the Contra! Oregon Drokerage Co. to Ward II. Coble. I hare no further Interest In the Central Ore gon Drokerago Co. and am In no way responslblo for any of Its lia bilities. E. M. LARA. (Legal Advertisement) Mrs. Hterenaon makes a specialty of 23 cent dinners, families especially Invited Sundays. Ladies' rest room in connection. 33tf (Advertisement) DRY LAND FARMING (Continued from Page Three) seml-arld areas. In the eastern por tion of this area these are usually sectional, and la some Instances the silt particles In them aro so light that they lift more or less with the wind. In tho later-mountain region theso nreas are more pronounced. In some parts of the valley of tbe Columbia they covor wide areas, and tbo same (s more or less true of the Dig Datln country. In many Instances sandy soils maintain but little growth while yet untitled, hence oftentimes they have a barren aspect. In dry areas sandy loam soils are among the best, whether viewed irotn the standpoint ot production or from that ot Ullage. These sella en crust and compact less readily than other soils and they do not lose water so readily by evaporation. They mar be tilled at almost any season ot the yosr not locked with frost. They warm more Quickly In the spring, and are therefore more favorable to early growth. Their value, however, Is much Influenced by the degree of the clay which they possess. When too lacking In clay or silt particles, they become leachy. Silt Soils. Silt soils are composed of soil grains that have been deposited main ly through' the action of water. The particles of which they are composed are usually small and fine, much smallor and finer than the average and particle and larger than the particles of clay soils. They are of varying degrees of fineness, depend ent 09 tbe extent of the reduction of the sand particles which compose them, (n oome Instances they are possessed of much uniformity In tex ture, and tfilanar extend to a great depth. In other Instances they aro Intermixed with grnvol more or loss coarao and thoy aro not Infrequently undorlntd with a oubsoll ot coarso gravel which may como up near to tho surface In yet other Instances theso soils ftro so Impregnated with flno clay particles Mint thoy loso much ot their sllty character and as sume more tho character ot & clay soil. It nlknll la present theso soils may assumo a gumbo character. Truo silt tolls aro relatively rich In tho elomonts of plant food and aro very easily tilled, but they frequently loso moisture easily by loachlng, and thoy are much llablo to wash. Sllty soils, sometimes called allu vial soils, are found to a much great er extent In the valleys that Una tho streams than elsowhoro. Theso tai lors In western areas aro usually relatively largo, honce tho area em braced as silt Is qulto considerable. LTheso soils are also found In areas of consiuernuie siso tnai wore ni ono tlmo tho beds ot ancient lakes. Tho relative value Of sltt soils de pends largely on their composition. Truo alii soils that aro also deep aud uniform In their composition aro usuallr very rich. This may also bo true of soils that are Ices uniform In composition and texture. As a rulo they aro also easily tilled, nut they, In very many Instances, allow water to pass down through them so easily that crops grown on thorn In dry areas In the absence ot Irrigating waters are much liable to be Injured by drought. The author has found it much mora difficult to grow good crops on these soils In dry years than on the average bench tand soli. When these soils were underlaid by gravel, evon some considorablo distance be low tho surface, the loss ot motsturo waa Increased. When the gravel camo up qulto close to the surface good crops could not be obtained, even In seasons that were reasonably moist, In the absence of Irrigation. When the gravels were mixed with silt, the results were much less harm ful. Just as the gravol subsoils on bench lands that come up near the surface are much less harmful when they are mixed with a goodly sprink ling of clay. Tbe summor tempera ture Is also considerably higher In those river basins thsn on the bench es and the rainfall Is usuallr some what less. These conditions add to the difficulty of getting good crops from such soils In the absence of Irri gation. Volcanic Ash Soils. Volcanic ash soils, as tho name Implies, aro composed of very tine particles resembling ashes In their fineness and In the ease with which they may bo dissolved and carried away by the action of the water. They owe their exlateneo to tho action ot volcanoes In eruption In primeval centuries. The particles which com pose them aro very fine, finer than the particles found In silt soils. These more than any other soils found In the west, aro flocculated In character, which means that the exceedingly fine particles which composo them are gathered together Into llttlo flocks, as It were, through the action of lime, which tends to bind thorn to gether. Were It not for this binding process, plants would bo unable to live In the soil. Organic matter also helps these soils by keeping asunder thg particles of the same. These soils cover considerable areas of tho fsr western states, espec ially of tbe Inter-mountala regions. They are found not only In tbo val leys, but also on the higher eleva tions. In many Instances they are found without Intermixture and ot much depth. In other Instances they are more or less mixed with the sub stances which tend much to modify their character. Volcanic ash soils are exceedingly high In the elements of plant food, especially In the mineral elements ot tbe same. They have great wearing power, and as a result under fair treatment will grow many successive crops without showing any Indication ot a waning fertility. They are also easily tilled. They do not bake readily In the sense In which hard clay soils take, but they do incrust 3 on tho surtneo more or leas after rain, as nearly all soils do that aro low lu organlo matter. This Is tho great lack ot volcnulc ash soils, nml It furnishes ono explanation ot tho ease with which thoy are gullied and carried away by tho action of water. Tho adaption ot theso soils to n grout vnrloty ot production when suffici ently supplied with wntor Is simply marvelous, Gumbo Holt. Gumbo soils aro soils that nro pos sessed of enough ot tho elements of alkali to mako them adhesive, and yat theso olemonts aro not sufficiently adhesive to mako tillage Impracti cable, although It may bo and Is usually dtfllcutt. Theso soils may con tain much clay. They usually do, but they may also contain somo sand. Thoy aro so adhesive that whon dry It Is exceedingly difficult to plow them. They turn up In groat chunks which It Is impossible to pulvorUo until thoy aro softened by rain, which acts on them much aa It does on un slaked lime. It worked whon wot thoy adhere to tho Implomonts ot tit lago to such nu extent as to uiako tillage virtually Impracticable In order to till them, advantago must bo takon of thoso periods whon mots turo Is present In that dogroo which makes tlllago practicable, and whon tt Is not present In that degree which will result In tho baking of tho land aftor It has been worked. This nar rows very considerably the season ot tho yoar during which gumbo lands may be successfully titled. Tho h'ghways In areas whoro gumbo soils prevail are almost Impassible In time ot wot weather. Owing to the ad hesive character ot these soils when wet It Is almost Impossible to drive a vehicle along tho h'ghways becauso of the accumulation ot plastlo soil which adheres to tho wheels. dumbo soils are not generally present In extensive areas la tho dry west. Thoy are more commonly met with In river basins and In depress ions on the higher lands, oftentimes thoy aro found In spots of more or less slt In areas where the soil Is easy of tillage. That they are found to a greater extent In river basins thsn In other areas Is fortunato, since It makes It Impossible to run Irrigating wators ovor them In many Instances In a way that will render great aorvlce In their tlllige. Hut on other land such sld Is, ot course. Impossible. Gumbo soils are rich. They are genorally speaking unusually rich, hence their power to wear Is un usually good. It brought Into a proper mechanical condition, they produce enormous crops when the conditions are nil favorable. Rut frequently tho conditions aro not favorablo. The moisture In tho spring may retard tillage at the right season. The Isck ot moisture In tho autumn may render tlllsge Imposslhlo. It may also hinder the sprouting of grain sown at that sea son. Under nearly all circumstances the fine pulverisation ot the land Is difficult. Experlonco In handling theso lands has shown that when they are Judi ciously worked and cropped thoy be come more tractable, so to speak. Especially Is this true when coarso farmyard manure Is burled in th"e soils or when green crops grown on them have been plowed under. When the necessity js Imperative for work ing these soils, the am should be to grow on them alfalfa as fsr aa this may be practicable. In most sea sons this crop succeeds well on them, but In dry seasons It wilt, of course, grow less well. Tbe roots ot the al falfa tend much to Improve the physical condition of these soils when they are broken up. Alkali Soils. Alkali soils are soils In which tbo solution ot certain soluble salts Is so, strong that plants that may germi nate on them cannot take up the moisture In the soil, Insomuch that though they abould germinate they soon perish through lack of mois ture. It (s of two kinds, known as white and black alkali respectively. Whlto alkali Is largely due to an accumulation of common salt, glau- bor salt and epsom salt. These give INITIATIVE FREIGHT RATE BILL. TRW CONCERNS EVEUV RESIDENT OP OREGON. Tfcei Initiative freight rate bill. No. 3S8, vote yes, on the ballot Is a non-partisan, people's measure. It la la tke Interest of the producer, tho manufacturer, tbe consumer, and fair to tho carrlor. The principle and method of rate making provided by tbe bill Is endorsed b y t h e Interstate commerce comsatotioM, the foremost expert rate making tribunal ot the world. Tksr ssrtctment and enforcement of the bill will stimulate all Industrial and commercial development In Oregon, reduce the price of transportation to the consumer, who ultimately pay all freight bills. The bill will not cancel a single commodity rate which Is less than the rates, fixed by the bllL It doos not take any authority from the railroad commissioner in the making of minimum rates, nor does It open a way for tho railroads to advance special or commodity rates, or any class rates. The need of passing and enforcing the provisions ot this bill are soen In the following conditions and reasons: ONLY l CENTS OP EVERY DOLLAR SPENT BY TUB OREGON CONSUMER FOR MANUFACTURED COMMODITIES IS FOR OREGON MADE 00008. 95 cents of every dollar so spent goes out of the stste for goods manufactured In other states. Under this system which U caused bf tho present freight tariffs the wealth of the state Is being needtessly depleted. Under tbe stimulus or inanufactnrlng Illinois Increased In the 1010 decade over 800,000 Inhabitants which is practically 100,000 more than tba entire population of Oregon. Illinois towns under 10,000 Inhabitants manufactured f 4 to jl manufacture! for the whole state of Oregon. CO cents will buy BOO miles of fl-st class freight transportation under the Illinois rate schedule, and only 100 (alios. under the Oregon rate schsdule. The Oregon dollar Is worth only 20 cents as compared with the Illinois dollar. The leading railroads of Illinois earn about $3,000 net per mile of road; Nebraska roads earn about $1,500 net r alia, while some of the Oregon roads earn $8,000 net per mile of road. From 1108 to 1910 tbe O. R. & N. Co. paid $109 per share on stock of par vatue ot $100, returning to the stockholder tbo-full value of the stoik and $9 to boot per share. In 1908 this road paid 79 per coot on its tack. la lflO It paid 15 per cent 03 Its common stock qd IT per cent on Its preferred stock, TKe Sauthern Pacific Company is capitalized at over 508 millions ot dollars. Its only tangible property Is 11.8 miles of railroad' In California worth probably lata than $350,000. Its earning right Is on the 11.8 miles of to, or about $12,000 yearly. And; yet this company is paying dividends yearly In excess of $17(000,000, aa together with Interest on Its bonds, about $31,000,000 yearly. Every dollar so paid In excess of Its earn ing rlHU on tbe 11.8 miles of road Is filched from the people, therefore obbery; The people are the power. It li for you to say whether you will longer1 tolerate these "coudltions. A vote yea for the initiative freight bill Is a vote for better transportation charges and the upbuilding and bless ing to the whole state of Oregon. The bill does not favor any one; It does not discriminate against any one, Tftlalsa state gieasure and cannot affect interstate' business, U rcM want to build up yoar community, vote tor tfcts bill and'sectfre a aejaara deal 1a freight rates. QR8QQN EQUITABLE RATE LEAGUE, wi .! By E. A. WELCH. X36 -s-tatiJ... Secretary, (Paid Advertisement.) It the whlto color which character ises It. It Is a mixture ot tho sul phatos nnd chlorides of soda and magnesia. Tho most harmful effect from tho presence ot whlto nlknll Is that It retards or outlroly prevents germination In tho seeds. Bomo crops, howovor, will stand ns much as ono-tonth ot ono per cent ot whlto alknll. lllnck alknll Is duo to the pros enco ot enrbnnato ot sodn along with tho aforemontlonod salts. II dissol ves tho vegotntilo tnnttor In the soil und gives tt this dark color. It tonds to consolidate tho soil In proportion as It Is presont. In some Instances, bocnuso ot the previous nnturo of the soil, tho black appearance may not como to tho surfaco and yot there may be much enrbonato of soda In tho subsoil.. When It Is present In any considorablo quantity, tho soils which contain It nro practically tin tillable during tho dry portions ot the yoar. Ono-tonth ot ono per cent ot black alkali will prevent tho growth of useful plants. Neverthe less In smalt amounts tho alkalies nro qulto helpful In promoting vogota tlon. Plants will bo much stimula ted In their growth becauio of thotr presence. It Is whon they are pres ent In excess that thoy becomo In jurious. Thoy aro maro Injurious In seasons which have fairly good spring rains followed by n shortage In tho summor rainfall. The salts are thus brought Into tho root tone by tho execsstvo evaporation which follows. nnd tho plants then fall becauso of drought. Unwise or oxcesslvo Irri gation brings the alkali to the sur face, and to tho extont In aoiuo In stances ot rendering land unfruitful which previously may have producod good crops. Alkali Is most liable to accumulate whore tho tand Is depres sed and where tho dralnago la not good. In humid areas the excess of these salts Is washed out from time to time, so thst In theso their pres ence is not usually harmful. Both classes of alkali tend to destroy tho soil texture. They destroy Its granu lar condition, causing It to become Impervious to wator. Thoy lead to a plasticity ot condition when It Is wot. and they cause It to become cloddy when dry. Fortunately alkali salts do not us ually covor largo areas. More fre quently they occur In spots and espe cially where water collects In low ground at certain seasons ot the year. In some Instances, however, considerable bodies of land occur that are more or less Impregnated with alkali. Such soils aro very un dcslrabto for tlllsge. llccauso of the difficulty found In tilling theso soils their vsluo Is very low for agricultural uses at the pres ent tlmo. whatover tho future may reveal. Becauso of this such lands should not be choson for agricultural uses until more Is known as to how they may bo handled. Thoy aro us ually exceedingly rich. Tho groat obstacle to tholr tltlngo nro. first, tho difficulty found In handling thorn, nnd, second, tho burning of tho wood or crop that may bo sown on them, The removal of alkali when present In excess Is suldom an easy proposi tion and In some Instances It Is not practicable'. Tho first step In re moving It Is to supply thorough and coinploto dralnago elthor through tho agency of opon or of tllo drains. In somo Instances black alkali In solu tion will not ontor llio latter. In such Instances It should be chnngod to whlto. This In done by adding considorablo quantities ot gypsum ; that Is, of sulphalo of llmo, whloh becomes carbonate of llmo, Whon thus changod, tho alkali may bo washed down and out In tbo dralnago water whloh Is thus carried oft In tho drains. Tho second step Is Id work Into the soil from 10 to 10 tons per aero of ttrawy horse manure In the summor or early fall, In areas whore much fir tho precipitation comes In the winter, or In the spring when It comes subsequently to that time. It tonds to prevent evaporation from coming to the surface, makos tbe soil more open and porous, and corres pondingly reduces the tendoncy to puddling and baking, It also aids In supplying tho young plants with plant food when tho alkali soil alone would not do It. The third step Is to grow such plants ss will aid In re moving tho alkali and will at the same tlmo glvo a profitable return. Sugar boots will absorb more ot tho salts probably than any olhor crop, but tt may not be easy to secure s stand of the young plants. Among tho small gtatna oata have the high est adaptation for such soils. Sweet clover msy also be used In removing alkali from thoso soils. Production an an Index of Soils. It a soil Is to produce well In dry areas It must be possessed of certsln physical and chemical characteris tics. The formor Include: (1) much depth of soil and subsoil; (3) much uniformity In the character ot tho soil grains In both soil sod sub soil; (3) much power to absorb and hold moisture, and (4) that blending of sand and clay elements which favors essy tlllsge. The latter In clude. (1) the large Inherent atorago of tho elements of plant food; (3) tbo elements ot plant food held In proper balance, and (3) tho absenco In excess ot such elements as may lead to what la termed an alkali con dition ot the soil. In tho absence ot physical examination much may be determined by the character ot the vegetation found growing on the soil. Such vegetation Includes: (1) the growth of sagobrush In ono or the othor of Its forms; (2) greasewood and rabbit brush In varying degrees of vigor and plontlfulness; (3) sparse vegetation, and (4) tho proionco or various grasses, Hneobrush Is essentially n product of mt-nr!d soils In dry areas. It Is of several types which cannot lu dwelt upon In a work of this uaturo, It would seem correct to say, how ever, that tho character ot tlin sago brush Is a measure ot the fortuity of soiul-arld soils, Where the brush Is abundant and or largo growth, thu ability or tho noil to produce well under proper conditions of tillage need not be questioned. This moans that where sagobrush Is plentiful aud of vigorous growth, the ability of the soil to produco abundantly need not bo nuusltonod under correct method of llllngn. Tho soil constituents and tho precipitation that will produco large and abundant sagebrush will also produco large crops of grain uu dor proper conditions of tillage. Plants populsrly known as "grease wood" aud "rabbit brush" grow on certain western soils, Theso Indloate that alkali sails are present In that dagreo that will Interfere with abun dant production, Such soils may bo tilled with a certain decree of suc cess, but not with that degree ot sue coss that Is to be looked for from th tillage ot soils that aro covered with an abundant growth of sagobrush of relatively large slue lu tbe shrill). in other areas, especially thoso that are very sandy lu texture, tin vecdalton msy bo very sparse. The sagebrush that may be growing on llieia Is dwarfish and the planta are relatively distant. Such growth does not necessarily Indicate any absence of tl.i luentlal elcmert s ( fertility In the soil, but rather lln r!ionce of moisture. In those areas the pro duction ot grass Is sparse In Its char scter, and good crops cannot usually be grown In the absence ot Irrigation. rho iraM'ja which nature produces on th Nnch lands of ,h wrst nrn one ot tho surest Indications of the possible production thst may b looked for from the Judicious tlllsit of the lends thst produce thoso greas es. Where the native grasses form a sod that Is reasonably dense on the untitled prairie, the presence of a sufficient rainfall for the production of good crops In a normal season need not be questioned. Where, however, tho production of these grasses Is cparse and limited, a light rainfall relatively Is to looked for. The precise character or the grasses will vary with tho soils snd the amount of the precipitation, but It may In safely assumed that a free growth ot grasses cannot be maintained In the alienee ot at least a reasonable amount ot precipitation, regardless ot the charactor ot the soil. It may Iks taken for granted, therefore, that where the growth of native grasses Is normally good, grains may bo grown there with at least fair success under proper rnothods ot tlllago. OREGON INVESTMENT COMPANY . 1111 1 BgesmeEBiHBgg a ga BsaBSgST-r ! mUmamoBaBaaaasasiau-rw ttt iv t If You Want Good Residence Lots Business Sites Irrigated Land LARGE OR SMALL TRACTS, 320Acre Homesteads ' AND RELINQUISHMENTS, investigate what we have to offer. We have the best on the market, at the best prices and terms. JThis firm also make a specialty of Fire Insur ance, Indemnity Bonds and Plate Glass, Show Case and Mirror lrisurari.ee. Our companies are the best in the United Skates, and pay their losses prompdy. flWe are the oldest established real estate firm in Bend, and have a first class record for fairness and efficiency. If you have something to sell, or wish to buy, let us help you. Oreg. Investment Co. - HLMBsNISWOSofcn W. t. VANDBVERT Wall Street, Bend, Oregon