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About The Bend bulletin. (Bend, Or.) 1903-1931 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 16, 1904)
PRESIDENT'S JESSAGE Text of Paper Delivered to 58th Congress. CAUTIONS AGAINST EXTRAVAGANCE Irrigation, Forests, Public Lands, Alaska and Our Island Possessions Re ceive Due Consideration. Tho followinu Ik the text of the most Fnpoof I'rotiik'tlt Ho Mvelt to Uio 68th T the Senst and House of llepreecnlatlvec The Nation continue to enjoy noteworthy prosperity. Such prosperll) I, of couree, pri marily Out to the high Individual average of our eltlxenshlp. taken together with our greol ' natural rcenurrro. but n Important Motor therein U th working of our long-continued governmental pollrle. Th peef' have em phatically expressed their approval of the Prin. etplr underlying thece pollcte. and their desire that these nelnclote bo kent lubetan tlally unchanged, although, of coure. applied In a pregTesaive nplrlt to meet changing con dltieSM. Th enlargement of seep of th function Of ih .National oovernmenl requited ey our developmsnt a a nation Involve, of courec. Increase of Mr, and IN period of pro pretty through which th country l -alnc Justine expenditure fur permanent Improve ments far greater than Caution Against ou.ld.1b "M? .J" .. . hard time, lutlle. l.xlntvagancc, ,, mni forte, public building and Improved waterways arc Investment which should be made akw w have tho money, but abun)ant revenue and a huge eurplu alnay Invite extravagance, and constant car should be taken to guard again, uancceooarr Increase of in ordinary t xpense of government, to cost of doing Government bualncaa ihould N tegu latrd with Ih same rigid scrutiny a lb cost of doing a private buetrtei. In th vast and complicated rartbanlim of our modern eh lilted life. the dominant not la th note of Industrialism, and tho relation of capital and labor. Capital and Labor, and eoceclally of or- ganlxrd capital and or ganlted labor, ts each etner and to the public at rare com second In tra.sctane only to th Intimate Qoeetlons of family life. Our peeolUr form of government, with Ita ebnrp dlvMen of authority between tho Nation and the several elate, haa ben on th who far more advantageous to our development than a more strongly cntralld govern ment. tint It I undoubtedly responsible for muh of the difficulty of meeting with ade quate leelelatlon th new problems presented by th total rhanc In Induelrlal condition on the continent during th last half cen tury. In actual practice It ha proved ex ceedingly difficult, and In many case Im possible, to get unanimity of wise action among th various atatea on the ubjcla Krem th very natur of the cat, thl le especially true of th lawa affecting Ih employment of capital In huge ma. With rrard to lator. th problem I no le Important, but It la atmpler. A lone a th Mat retain the primary control of tho poMco power, th rlrcumelanc must be altogether extreme which require Interfer ene by th federal authorities, whether In lha way of safeguarding the right of labor or In th way of teeing that wrong le not dene by unruly pereona who ihleM them eelve lhlnd the name of labor If there I reelitanc to the Kederal court. Interfer ence wllh the mall, or Interatat commerce. or moleatatlon of Fnteral property, or If the tat authorllle In aom crlili which they are unable to fac call for help, then th Federal Government may interrere. but though ueh Interference may be caueed by a condition of thing arlilng out of trou ble connected with ome queitlon of lalior. tho Interference Iteelf (Imply take the form of restoring order without regard to the queitlon which havo cauaed the breach of orrder for to keep order I a primary duty and In a lima of dlaordrr and violence all other queitlon lnk Into abeyance until order haa been restored There I no objection to employe of th Government forming or belonging te union, but tho Oovemment can neither discrim inate fer nor discriminate agalnit nonunion man who are In Ita employment, or who aeek te b employed under It Moreover. It I a very grave Impropriety for Qovernmenl employe to band themMlve together for the purpo of extertlnc Improperly high eat arle from the Government. Kepeelally I thl true of tho within the claidBed rv le. Th letter-carrier, both municipal and rural, are a a whol an excellent body of public acrvanta. They ahould b amply paid Hut their aymtnt mut b obtained by ar guing their claim Union of Govcmmcot Employe. fairly and honorably bafor th Congre. and not by banding together for th de feat of tho Con- pennin who refu to give promlte which they cannot In conclnc give. Th Admin istration haa already taken alep to prevent and punlab abue of thl nature, but It will b wIm for th Congre to upplement thl notion by legtilatlon. When w com to deal with great corpo ration, tba nd for th Government to act directly la far greater than In th raa of labor, becau great corporation can become Ufb only by engaging In Interatat com merce, and Interstate Corvorationa. commerce. I peculiar ly th field of th General Government. It la an absurdity to expect to eliminate the abuse In great cor poration by Mate action. It I difficult to be patient with an argument that such mat ter should be left to th slate, becaua mere than en slat pursue in policy or creating en easy term corporations which ar never operated wjthin that stale at all. but In other atatea who lawa they Ignore Tfc National Government alone can deal ad equately with these great corporation. Te try te deal with tliein In an Intemperate, destructive, or demagogic spirit would. In all probability, mean that nothing whatever would b aeeomplUhed. and, with absolute certainty, that If anything war accomplished It weuld be of a harmful nature. Th Amer ican people need to continue to show th very qualltlea that they have shown that Is, moderation, good sen, th earnest de sire to avoid doing any damage, and yet th quiet determination to proceed, step by atep, without halt and without hurry. In eliminat ing or at least In mlnlrnlxlng whatever of mlsehler or of evil tn.re la to interstate com merce In the conduct of great corporation. They are acting In no spirit of hostility to wealth, either Individual or corporate. They are not against the rich man any more than against th poor man. On the contrary, they are friendly alike toward rich man and toward poor man, provided only that each acta In a spirit of Justice and decency toward hi fallow. Great corporation are netes ary, and only men of great and singular mental power can manage auch corporation successfully, and such men must have great rewards. Jlut these corporation should b managed with due retard to th Interest nf the public a a whole. Where thl can be done under the present law It mut be done Where tlieee laws come short, other ihould be enacted to supplement them. Yet we must never forget the determining factor In every kind of work, of head or hand, must be the man' own good sense, courage and kindliness. More Important than any legislation I the gradual growth of a feeling of responsibility and forbearance among capitalists and wageworktri alike; a feeling of respect on the part of each man for the right of others; a feeling of broad community of Interest, not merely of capital ist among themselves, and of wageworkers .mnne themselves, but of capitalist and wageworkir In their relations to each other, and of both In their relntlon to their fel - l,W, Willi Mlltl tl.HIlt tdall ,1. lllA t.ll.lt lllll. t tic There nre tunny tniitnln of Inilintry, many labor lender, who realise this. ,.,'ir, ..,,, ' innf i. ,,,, ,'.' ,-", The Department of Awrli-ulture hns mown Into nn educational Initllutltm Ytllh n f m- tilty nf StHH) specialist making teeenrch llilit nil the science uf production. The IVngr approptlates, directly nmt Indirectly. IMtxi.. ItHHl nnmuilly to carry Agriculture, mi this work II reach every elate and territory In th I'nlnn and the Islands of the sen lately com under our flag t'n operation li had wllh the stale experiment tntlonm and with ninny other Instllullun nnd lndl Munis, The wnrld I carefully searched for new varieties of grains, frulls. grass; egelalles, tree and shrub, suit nble to nrlous localities In our country, nnd marked henettt to our producer ha re sulted The artltllte of our age In line of re search have reached the tillers of th soil and Inspired them with ambition to know more of the principle that govern the farces of Nnture wllh which they have lt den I Nearly half nf the people of this country devote their energlee to growing things from the noil, t'nlll a recetit del Utile lias heH done te prepar these millions for their llf work. In most line of human activity col-leae-tralned men are the leader Th J farmer had mi opportunity for special train ing until th Congee made provision for It tt) year ago. lrurlng thee tears pregreea has been made and leather hav been pre- I have repealnlly called attention In the Ing our export trade therein I call the at parcd. Over 5tM students ar In attendance' confusion which evlsts In Government forest tentloH of th Onngres In Ih deeliablllly at our Mint Agricultural colleaes. Th Ked- I matter lcaus the work Is scattered among of mirrylHg out thee suisesllniis. ernl Government expend ilO.tUNI.OOil annu- three Independent organisation. Th t'nlleil Alaska, like all our territorial acquisition, ally toward thl education nnd for research ' Htnlee Is the only one of the great nations ' niM m reeoorceful beyoml Ih ewela III Washington and In Ih several stale ami In which the forest work of the Government ' n,,M, f ihew who made the Purrhas II territories. The !eparlment of Agriculture i j concentrated under on department. I in. become th home of many hanly In hat given facilities for pnt-s?raduat work ' 'n rmieonance with the plainest dictates of duslllnu ami thrifty in n-, jumss men usfini ine mei epifs enr. preparing mem lor auvanceu tin i '" -" rrenaemeni is naif from every taunt of work In th department and In the tal ' "' "lew Mrly In mention It I tn prove Institutions. that II should t terminated at one As I We sell abroad about leXsS.niU.fH10 worth of have n-pMlrllv recummendrd, all the forest plants and their product every year "tren- work of the Government should b concen uoua erTorl nre tielnc made to Import from I trnteil In the Department of Agriculture, foreign countries such gain a ar suitable where the larger part of that work la already to our varying localities, eleven ear tn!0". whr practically all of th trained we bought three-fourth of our rice: by help, lug the rlcearowere on the Gulf coast to cure seed from th Orlnt suited to their conditions, ami by giving them adequate protection, they now supply home demand and export to th Island of th Caribbean Hea and to other rice. growing countries. Wheat and other craln kav been Import ed from light-rainfall rounlrle to our land In tho West and, rViuthweit that have not grown crop because nf light precipitation, resulting in an extensive addition tu our cropping area and our home-making terrl tnry that can not be Irlgated. Ten million bushel of flrel-rlaM macaroni wheal were grown from these experimental Importation last year Fruit suitable to our soils and climate are being Import.! from all th countries of th Old World th flg from Turkey, the almond from Mp In. the date from Algeria, the mange) from India We are helping our fruitgrowers to get their crop Into tturopean markets by studying methods of preservation through refrigera tion, packing and handling, which have hn quite s)ceeful V ar helping our hop growers by Important varieties that ripen earlier ami later than the kind they have been raletnc, thereby lengthening th har vesting season Th cotton crop of th country I threatened with root rot. Ih boll worm, and th boll weevil Our pathologists will OshI Immune varieties that will reetei the root ),, and th boll worm can b dealt with, but Ih boll weevil Is a serious menace tn th cotton crop It I a Central American Insect that ha become acclimated In Teles and ha don great damag A scientist of th Department of Agriculture haa found th weevil at home In Guatemala being kept in check by an ant, which ha been brought to our cotton Held for ob servation. It Is hoped that It mT serve a good purpose Th Insect friends and nmle nf the farm er are getting attention Th ensmy of the Wan Joe seal was found near the Greet Wall of China, and I now clinlng up all our orchards Th flg-fertlllilnc Insect Im ported from Turkey has helped to establish an Industry In California that amounts tl from SO ta 100 ton of dried ag annually and I extending aver the Pacific Coast A parasitic Ay from Heuth Africa I keeping In subjection the black scale, the worst pe of the orange and lemon Industry In Cali fornia. During th 5H year that have elapsed since the passag of th reclamation act rapid progress ha been made In th sur veys and examinations of th opportunities for reclamation In th I states and thre territories of the arid West. Construction ha already been b Irrlgallon. gun on th largest and most Important of Ih Irrigation work, ami plans ar being com pletes for work which will utilise the funds now available. Tn operations ar being carried oa by th Heclamitlon Hrvlc. a corps of ng1aer selected through competl tlv clv-rvlc examination. Thl corps Include experienced consulting and con structing engineers a well a various ex perts In mechanical and (egal matter, and I composed largely of men who have spent most of their live In practical affair con lee ted with Irrigation The larger problems have been solved, and It now- remains to execute with eare. economy, anil thorough ness the work which has been laid out. All ImiMirtant details are being carefully con sidered by board of consulting engineer, selected for their thorough knowledge ami practical eiperlene. Bach project taken up on the ground by competent men and viewed from the atandpolnt of th creation of prosperous home, ami of promptly refund ing to the Treasury the cost of construction Th reclamation act ha been found ta b remarkably complete and effective, and so broad In It provisions that a wide rang of undertaking ha been possible umlsr It At th mma time, economy I guaranteed by in ract mat lumis must ultimately be re turned to b used over again. It I th cardinal principle of the forest- reserve policy of thl Administration that lb rrva nr for I uresis, us. Whatever Inter fere wllh th us of their resources Is to be avoided by every Pt)l mean. liut I bee resource mutt be uses! In eueh a way a to mak them permanent. The forest policy f Ih Government is Just now a subject of vivid public Interest throughout the Weet and to the psapl of the I'nlteil Htt In general The for re serves thmelva are of extreme valu to Ih prnt km wall as to th fulur welfare of all th Western public-land slat. They powerfully a Sect the us and disposal of th public land. They ar of spatial Im portance becau they preserve th water supply and th supply of limber for domestic purpose ami no promote settlement undet lb reclamalloej act Indeed, they are . ssnllal to th welfare of every on ef the great Internet of the Wt forest reserve ar created for two prin cipal purpose. Th first Is to preserve th wutsr supply Thl I thlr most Important use. The principal user of th water thus preserved are Irrigation rancher and set tlers, elite and town to whom their mu nicipal water suppllaa are of th vary first Importance, users ami furnishers uf water power, and th user of water for domestl, manufacturing, mining, and other purpose. All the are directly dependent upon the forest reserves. Th second reason for which forest re serves ar created la to preserve the tlmbir supply for various classes of wood users. Among th mora ImiMirtant of these ar Mi ller under th reclamation act and oilier act, for whom a cheap and accessible sup ply of timber for domestic uses Is absolutely necessary; mlnr nnd prospectors, who or In erlou danger of losing their timber sup ply by lira or through export by lumber com panies when timber land adjacent tn their mine pa Into private ownership, lumber men, transportation companies, builder, and commercial Interests In general. Although th wisdom of creating forest re serves I nearly everywhere heartily recog nized, yet In a few localities there have been r-.lundrtandlng and complaint. Th fol lowing tatemsnt I therefor desirable! The forest-reserve policy can be successful only when It hae the full support of the peo ple of the West, It cannot safely and should not In any case, be Imposed upon them agalnit their will. Hut neither can we ac cept th view of thai whose only Interest Jln th foresl I temncrnry. who nr anxious I t.t lj.ll wltnt lltAV tin, a .,l . . It. ,1 .IM.t ll.ltl. to tenu what they hive n.it e..wit nnd then . ,,.,' .....i ...j ,(',i,' ,.'i, r.-.t, i, i.i, niv.i innve away, leaving iliiolatlmt In hind them fin Ihn riilitinrv It Is Bipriwhrn hii.1 mIumvs the Interest or th pmnaneiit settler and ' larv nf the Treasury on III Hilt uf t th permanent buln man. the man with a ' 'l. "Ml ! accuitipitiiylng leller nf th taw In the cumin which Hiuet be van- I "ectetnty nf Mini, ret-nmnieiiilllig nil pprii lilerml, nnd which must decide. prlnKon for n cnmrnleeluii In study Hie In- Th making of forest reserve vrlthlH rail- ' ilustrlnl nnd t'omiuerclnl cniidlllnhs III Ihn road nnd vvagnn-rond land grant limits will I t'lilneee Hniidre mid tu remrt aa In Ilia iip lietenfler, ns for Hi past thre year, b mi ' pnrtunllle fur ami the ubslai-lrs tu the en innnnileil a In prvvent Ih leeue, under Ih I largemeiil nf markets In China fur Ih tew art of June I, 1M7, nf line fur exrhHHg nr I prialuel and limnilfilclures uf th I'nllnl lieu xleetlnii iiisually called scrlpi In all , its Arllnn n nut Inkeii lliereim itur ense where forest reserve within area lug Ih last mmIhii I rordlally urge that covered by land urant appear In b een- th reiMHtiHieililatlnH receive at your hands Hal tn the prtwiperlly nf settlers, miners, or th rnnsldernllnn which II Impurtane and ethers, the Government land wllhln Mch I timeline merit" prHeil fnrest reserve will, ns in the recent I In hi annual meeeaa of l(Ml lie again wil, b wlthdrnwn from sale nr entry iHd-' calleil attention tn this rerninmeiidnllttii, Ing the completion of such negotiations with iiitlng II, and elated furlheri the owner of the Nnd grants a will prevent "I now lenev, llils vecimimendallnn, as th th creation of mi. called evrlp , Iminirtanr of Ih stibjecl ha steadily ginwn It wn formerly the custom tn make forest reserve without nrst gelling ilerlHlle and detailed Information a to Ih character of land and tlmlier wllhln their boundaries Thl method nf action often resulted In badly chosen Imundarle and consequent injustice tn settler and other Therefor thl Ad. ministration adopted ih preeent mthrt of nrst wiiiutrawing th land from itlsposal. followed by careful culmination on Ih gmunu ami in preparation or detnlreil map aotn prmlnnt trad renter of that em end descriptions, befm any fort reserve ulie. under llnvernment ronirol and man I I creeled , - - I'-i-nniH'n ,mi common sense 1 n reiT 01 m itovernment ar employe.1. Where rhlettr Is Waehlnstnn Ihsrs I- rm prehenelve first-hand knowledge of th prob lems of the reserves ncqulreil on the ground, where all problems relating to growth from the soil are already gathered and where all the science auxiliary tn fureetry ar at hand for prompt ami etTertlv m operation These reasons ar decisive in themselves, bin It ahould be added that th area! oraanllatloas I of rltliens who Interests are arTected by Ih ""'! reservee. Urn as the .National Live- stork Association, th Nation I Wools-rowers' ,ssciaiion. in American Mining t'ongree. the National Irritation Cnnsrees, and Ih National Hoard of Trade, have uniformly, emphatically, ami most of them repeatedly, expressed themselve In feior of placing all Government for! work In th Depart ment ef Agriculture because of the peculiar adaptation ef that Department far It It Is true, atsa, that the foresl services of nearly all the great nations of th world ar under th respective steperijnenls f agricul ture, white In but I"-j nt th smaller na tion and In en colony are they under the department of the Interior Thl I th result of long ami varied esfeerlenc and It B& e.allu u.l.k ,1. . -.:.'.'."'. "V" '"" '"i""eis it goosi .am.meyat.ne. in our own cae. The creation nf a fnri service In Ihe le. iwiisusi or 1..1..11.,. -in ...,. ... lieiuirtssl rullM Important rult First A better handling ef all forwst week, because It will k under a single head, anil becauee th vast and Indispensable etperl ence of the DessaMment tn ell matters per taining to th foresl reeerves. to fureetry In . . .. . ...,. rensral. and to other forms of pcMucllon fUm he soil, will b. e.llr nnd rapidly ae- . . ...... w.tJi .i?.. "". i. SiLeST., . ii".' "!.' - .J'.Jh.m"" ",,.,,rJ,,,L ?! .. " Vh' "T: to the peopl. of Ih Weet than ha. been Ik case hitherto Third Within a compantllvely short lime th reeerves will become self-supporting This le Important, because continually ami rapid-I- Increasing appropriation will be nee eery far th proper ear of thl exceedingly Important Interest t th Nation, ami they can and should b erTset by return from lb National forests tinder similar circum stances the forest possessions of other great nations form an Important source of revenue to their governments, Hvery administrative officer concerned I convinced of the necessity for the proposed consolidation nf forest work In th Depart ment f Agriculture, and t myself have urged It mere than one In former message Again I commend It to th early and favorable con sideration of the Congree. Th Interests of th Nation at larg and of th Weet In par ticular hav suffered greatly becaue of th delay. I call lb attention ef tn Car sgala la Ik report and reooeasaedllax of lb mission en th Public Public letnds, Mads, forwarded by m to th second ses sion of th preeent rengreee Th Commission has prosecuted Its Investigations actively dur ing th past season, ami a second report I now In an advanced stage ef preparation The progress of Ike Indians toward eltllls Hon. though not rspM. U perhap all that enuld b hoped for. In view of the elrrum stances. Within th past year many tribe have shewn. In a degree greater than ever before, an appreciation Indians. ef the nes-eeelty of work. ThU changed at tltud I In part du la the policy recently pursued of reducing Ike amount of subsist bm la Ihe Indians, and thus forcing them. through akeer neeeee-lty. te work for a liven hood. The policy, though severe. Is a useful one, but It Is to be exercised only with judg ment and with a full uad-rtlsndlag of the condition which exist in sarti community for which It ! Intended On or near Ihe Indue reservations! I here Is usually very lllll d maad fer labor, and If the Indian at t earn their living and when work cannot b furnbdwd from outexd (which la always prof srakle) then It must b furnished by th Gov ernnvsnt Practical Instruction of Jhta kind would In a few eaia rult In the forming of habit of regular Industry, which wnuM render Ihe Indian a producer and would effect great reduction In lb oaet of w main tenance. In th Poetorhc DBnrtmnt Ihe servlc has Increneet in emclency, and conditions a to rvnue and expndltur continu eat lefnclory. The Inrreae nf rvnue during th year waa tt.3ok.IHI la, or ) per rent, th total receipts amounting to lllt.1J. OSI.tl. The expenditures wr llAt.Jea. . Ilu7l). an lnrs)s of about ft pr rent ovr th previous year, being thus ,?. IH 3 In exoee nf th current revenue Includes! In the eipeadllur wa a total appropri ation of II3.UM.H.TTU far Ihe continuation and extension of Ihe rural free-delivery service, which was an Increase of fl.trUZ. 37.94 0r the amount expended for this purpo In th Postal Mcrvlce. preceding flee I year Ijtrg a thl xpndl tur ha been Ih beneficent result attained In extending Hie free distribution of malls to the resident nf rural districts have Justified the wisdom of Hie outlay Htatls tic brought down to October I, IbUI, show thai on that dale Ihsre were ST. I at rural route established, serving approximately U'.uou.MO of people In rural districts re mole from puslolMces, and that there were pending at that lime 3Sa petitions for Ihe establishment of new rural routes. I'nquea llonubly some part of the general Increase In receipt la due lo the Increased postal fn cllltls which the rural service haa afforded The revenue have nlso been aided greatly by amendment In the classification nf mall matter, and Hie curtailment nf abuses of the second-class mailing privilege The aver age Increase In the volume of mall matter for Hi period beginning with 11)02 and end ing June, lUUS tihut portion for 1103 being estimated), I 10 17 per rent, a compared with SS -ill per cent for Hie period Immedi ately preceding, and 1.1 VI tar the four-year period Immediately preceding that. The growing Importance of Hi Orient a a field for American export drew from my predecessor, President McKlntey, nn urgent request for lis special Oriental Markets, consideration by the Congress. In hi mes sage of 1898 he stated: "In thli relation, a showing the peculiar volume and value of our trade with China and Ih peculiarly favorable condition! III Hi tvirttirtl tours uf Irad", I refer In the ,.-....-.. .--..-. ... .. , . ..... .- cmiiiunii nii"i niniieeseii in ne rpeaarr m tile llntlsn (if llcliresellthtlV r llV Hie HelT ' since it was nrst ui miiteti tu you, ami mi lime should b loet In studying fur uurselve the resource of this gieal Held fur American trade and enterprise The Impnrlanc of eeeurlng proper In formation and data wllh n view In th enlargement of our trad with Aeta le UHdl i mlnlVhetl tlur Consular representatives IH . chin have strongly urgml a place for per manant display of AmerlraH roilurlB In ! agemenl, as an effective means t advene- ' Alaskn, American P I I I I s III AUskn owns in a permanent character hav been built The exlsnl of It wealth In minerals, timber, fisheries, and agriculture, whll great, I probably Hot lomprehentted yet In any Just measure by our pasipl. We do know, howver, that from a very emal beginning Us products have grown until they are a steady and material contribution to Ih wealth of the Nation Owing to the Immensity nf Alaska and Its location In th far north. It Is n ctlitlcult mailer tn provide many thing easnill to It growth and to th happiness and ram fort of It people by private enterprise aloete It should, therefore, receive reasonable aid from th Government Th Government ha already done excellent work for Alaska In laving cable and bulldlng'telegtaph line Thl work ha been dun In th most ecu mimical and etn.-letil way by th Mlmsl Corp of Ih Army In some reeisecie 11 has outgrown Its pres ent laws, while In others those laws has hH found la be Inadequate In order to obtain Information upon which I could rely I caused an orwcMI nf the Department nf Justice, in whose Judgment I have con Hdsnee, I visit Alaska during the past Hum mer fer Ih puryms nf ascertaining how government Is administered there ami what leglelallon is ailualiy needed at preeent A statement of the condition found tn eilet, together with some recommendation ami the reason therefor. In which I strongly con cur, will b found In the annual report of ' lO Hl..l... -'' -T IH,.I th Altornoy-tienerai in some instances I I feel that the legtelallon suggeeied Is Imperatively needed that I am moved briefly , . ,,i,.jm n,, Aiturnet llea.ist'. i.. . '" eenpnases in Aiiornei -nenersi s pt- ' l". ........ inner in real or A. a n new stands many purely administrative powers and duties. Including by far Ih im portent, devolve upon Ihe IHairlrl Judgee or upon lb Clerk of the (Metric! Court acting under ine aireiii.n or in ,,,,. ,, ,h.,M ,h. .h,,t4 ,M(r.l,r f,M nder ihe direction of the Judges, while the ee pnwwrs and du I ,wm .,,- ps. M,r iw,,, h, .,n,f,g sf .., k ...,.,... .. loewe Thankgl.lsig day srl.msilsM. siel i """ H-ilremen and nni.rte. pub I ellev. It essential In good g..vn- ,, lh. Von. rf ,. p,.,,,,, JlHt, and clerks of ihelr courts of th admlnls Iratlve ar etecullie function that I hey new exercise and rest I hew upon the Governor This would not b an Innovation, It would simply conform lh government ef Alaska la fundamental prtnetiuos, making the Gssv rnorehfp a real Instead af n merely namlnal ortlce. and leaving Ihe Judge fr I glv Ihelr enure attention la Ihelr Judicial dull and at lh ssh. time removing hm from a great deal of lh eirif that now em barre Ihe Judicial nlTere In Alaska Alaska should have a Delegate In the Con grees Where poeelhle. Ihe Congree should aid In Ihe construction af needed wagan roads. Additional llghlhau shaubl be pro vided In mt Judgment. It Is especially lm portent lo aid In eueh manner as seems Juei and feasll.ls In lh construction of a trunk line nf railway to connect the Gulf of Alaska with th Yukon lllver through American ter ritory ThU would b most bnnrll lo the development ef th resource of ihe territory and lo lh comfort and welfare of Its people Halmoa hatrherl should b established In many different el reams, so as lo secure Ihe preservation of this valuable food geh Mai m-n fisheries and canneries should be pro hlhlled on certain of lh rivers where Ihe mas of those Indians dwell who live almoel xrluelvely an Ash Th needs ef the people are- The abelllUn of Ihe present fee system whereby Ihe native Is degraded. Imposed upon, and taught Ihe Injustice af law The establishment of hospitals at central points, so thai eonlaglou disease that are brought lo them continually by Incoming whiles may be btcallieil ami not allowed lo become epidemic, to spread death ami desti tution over great areas The development ef Ihe educational system In Ihe form of practical training In such Industries aa will assure the Indian self support under the changed eondlllons In which they will hav la live The duties of th office ef th Governor should be eilended la Include th supervi sion ef Indian affairs, with nerary assist ant In dlffsrenl districts He should be provided with th man ami the tower to protect and advise the native people, to fur -nleh medical treatment In lime ef epidem ic, ami lo extend material relief In periods of famine and extreme destitution The Alaskan halls should be given Ihe right lo acuulr. hold, and dispose of trau. erly upon lh same condition as alien other Inhabitants, and Ihe privilege of cltieenshlp should be given to Hawaii and Port., '", ""J ." ' in,.,, lo meet certain dell- '" ' Mile requirement In Hawaii, Congreee should giv ih Governor jow.r l remove it tn orrinai appoinie.1 under blm The harbor of Honolulu should b dredged The Marina Hospital nwrvlc should b empow ered to study leproy n th Islands ask special consideration for Ihe report ami re. ommeMdatloaa of the Governor of Porto lllro In treating of our foreign policy and af Ihe aiiiiupe inai nils great nation should as sume In the world at large. It Is absulut.lv necessary la consider Ihe Army nnd the Nuvy, ami (lie Congress, through which Hi thought uf Hi Nation surrign runry. nrma Its xpreeoi, should kt. blu. Idly In mind Hi fundamental fact that It Is i,innwiiia m treat our loreign policy, wheth er this policy takes snap In the effort tu sorur Justice for other or Justlr for our elves, save ai conditioned upon Hi alllluil w are willing to lake Inward our Army, and especially toward our Navy It s not merely unwise, It Is contemptible, for a Nation, as for an Individual, lo us High-sounding Ungual- to proclaim lis purposes, or to lake position which ar ridiculous If unsupported by potential force, and then tn refuse to provide Hill force If Ihsre Is no Intention of providing and of keeping Hi foicn nec essary lo buck up a strong altitude, then It I far belter not in assume surh an anltiiilc Tho steady aim of this Nullun, aa of nil nllghunect nations, should b in strive to bring ever nearer Hie day when there shull prevail throughout I hi. world the pear uf Justice There are kind of peace which are highly undesirable, which are In Hie long run a destructive ai any war Tyrants and oppressor have many limes mail a wilder ness and called It peace. Many time peo ple who were slothful or timid or sl'orl Ighted, who hod been enervated by case or by luxury, or misled by false teachings, have hrunk In unmanly fashion from doing duly that wi item and that needed self-eacrlnce and have sought to hide fram'.hsie nu,o minds thtlr shortcomings, nir (nobi mo- ' which exist for their expansion ( llllfltlltl tOlIf llf trnit,'. 1 THtt Tht . nil Pence uf lyraiiliuil terror. Hie Peace nf -. r .... -- . ven riw", inn peace, m injusn Hies should be shunned ns we shun Unright eous war. We nre In every way endeavntlng In help mi, wllh conllal good will, every movement which will lend In Arbitration Trrollr, bring in Into ninr friendly relation wllh Hi tet uf mankind In pursuance uf llile, policy I shall shortly lay before Ilia Hen ale treaties of arhllrntlnii wllh all power which aie willing In outer Into Hies treaties wlllr Us, It Is mil mseia at (Ills psrlinl uf Hi world' dsveliipmenl In agree l ar lilltal all mallets, but (her nre many mutter nf possible difference between us and other nations willed can le thus arbl littted Furthermore, al III request of Ihe Inlei parliamentary Union, an eminent ldy rimoseil nf practical heennd Hague elalesweri from all .. . countries. I h a V , ( unfrrriicc. ,,,, , i,wrs In Join wllh Hits llaveiri ment In n second Hague conference, al which It la hoped that the woik already so happily begun al Th llagu may b carried om step further toward complelloei Thl car ries nut the dull evpreeeed by lh first llagu Cunferenr llealf Th strong arm of lh Government In en fur. Ing respect fur He Just rights In Inter national mailers Is lh Muy of th I'nlted males I most earnestly recommend thai there h ho hall III Ihe 'lh Navy, work of upbuilding Hi American Navy There Is no more patriotic duty before us a a people lhan to keep lh Navy adequate In Ihe needs of thl lounlry'e poejtl.m W have umtsrlNhst l build lh Isthmian Canal W hav undertaken to seoure for ourselte our Just share In Ihe trad of the iirlenl Wa ..aie mi-lei taken in peotsot our rlllsens from Improper treatment In foreign lands Wa continue steedlly In Insist on Ihe appll.allon of th Monro liuririn In lh Western llemlephere I'Hlees our altitude In these and all similar matter I to b a mer hoaelful eham we ion not alfi.rd lo aban don our naval programme thir tolc Is hiw polsnt for pence, and I so potent because wa ar not afraid of war Hut our protestation upon behalf of peace would hell her re.eiv nr deeerve Ihe ellghteei alleatlon If we were Impotent to mane l hem good Within lh last three year th I'nlle-t Mtate has set nn esampl In disarmament wher disarmament wa proper y y law our Army Is fltsd at a maximum of IBH.HW) ami a mini The Army, mum of au trial men, When Ihsre was Its -eurreclloH In the Philippines we kepi lh Army at lh mailmum peace rem In lh Philippines, and now our Army has bn reduces lo ihe minimum al which II le mis etbl la keep II wllh dus regard In Its em clency Th gun now mounted require Ja, raw men. If Ihe cosst fortldf allotis at o b adequately manned lleiatlvely I the Na tion, II Is not now so larg as lh lc fore of New Tetk mt Chicago relatively In Ihe poteuUllon of either city We newt mr eUtrer. Ihere are not enough lo peforni Ihe regular Army work ll I very Important that Ihe oMcers of ihe A.rny should be ee customed lo handle Ihelr men in maaeee, as II Is alee Imperlenl Iksl lh National Guard ef lh sovsral Male should be ar ruetomed la actual neld maneuvering, ee peclallr In eonoerlloo with Ihe legiilale for this raon w ar to b rongraiwiated upn Ih eutr ef lh Hotel saauvrr Man umi Put fell, maneuvers In whl.h a larg er number of roiubsrs and NeHujial Guard look part lhan wa vr befose eemtre.t loasther in lime of poor No other -l.il-Ised Nation has. rslallsely lo lis p.puiail.n, such a diminutive Army a ur aad while ihe Army le ea email we ere not l 1 ei i used if fail lo keep it al a viy high grade af proMtlenry II must b m.-seanny prarilod. Ihe standard fur ihe enlisted men sh.wtd b kepi vary high, while al ihe earn urn lh service shook b mads as all., live a poselbl. and lb standard for Ihe onVee should be kept 'even higher whb h, as retards ihe upper ranks, ran best be ti'-ne by Introducing sows system uf eetecli.n ami .ejection Into Ihe ptosnelloo We should k ablo, in ih event af sum sudden emerg ency, la rati Into lie aokt on fl riot Army oia, which should We. s a whale, al least th setoal ef any body af iroap of Ilka number belonging to any other nation In lh I'MllPMH Island Ihere has been during the past year a onlluoati"U of lh steady progress which has obtained ever staie tear Hoops deSnltely got lh Upsr ham! ef lh Insurgents The Phlllirpen peo ple, or, lo speah Hsoi Ttie Philippines, areoralaly. lb many lelba. and even rsrss, sundered from an another Wore or less ehar .y. who go lo mak up Ih people of Ih Phlltptwa Islands, contain many ele meats af good, and some element whlih w hav a right In ht eland for ptogte At peosenl they ar utterly lacapabl of eilel Ing In Indspendaneo at all or of bundles' up a civilisation of ihslr eon t nrmly be llev Iksl we eon help ihem I rise hlghsr and higher In lh seals uf , lililsal-.u and of capacity for slf-govrnmnr. and I most earnestly hap thai In lh end they will be able to stand. If not entirely alone, yet In some such relation lo the I ailed Mtate aa Cuba now stand. Thl end I net yet In sight, and It may b lndllnllsy iest nd If our peopl ar foolish enough I turn Ihe attention af Ihe Klllplno away from Ihe problems ef sehlevlng moral and material prosperity, of working fer a stable, ordsrly, ami Just government, ami Inward foolish ami dangerous Intrigues far a cowpl.ts Inde psosdene fer whlsh Ihey nre a e lulally unfit. tin th other hand, our people must keep steadily before Ihelr ml wis th fail lhal the JuetlBcalloti fur our (lay In lh Philippine must ultimately reel eklegy Uhn th good ve are able lo da In lh Islands I do not overlook Ihe fart lhal In Ihe development ef our Interests In the Perlhe trrean ami aleng Its luasls, lbs Pklllpplaes have played ami will play an Important part, and lhal our Intereets have been eorved In more lhan on way by lh ppee..n of lh Island Hut our chief reason for continuing lo hold ihsm must be lhal we ought in good felih la try In da our shnr uf lb world work, and Ihl particular piece of work ha been Imposed upon us by th result of lh war wllh rlpeln, Th problem presented lo ue In th Philip pine Island I akin to. but not exactly like, Ihe problem presented lu lh other great Ivlllied (lower whli h hav possessions In lh Orient There ar point of rmblnce In our work lo Ihe work which I being dun by ih ilrlilsh In India and Hgypl. by Hi live, by railing Itisiu lor nf pear, rrencn in Algiers, ny ine i.utcn m Java, by th Husalans In Turkeetan, by lha Japanese In Pormoen, but More dletlmlly than any of these power we are endeavoring tn develop Ihe natlvea themselve ea lhal Ihey shall ink an ever Increasing ehar In Ihelr ewn government, and a far as Is prudent w are already admitting their repreeeulail.es ta a governmental equality wllh our own. Meanwhile our own people should remem ber thai Ihere I nerd for Hi highest Hands aril of conduct among (he American! sent lo Hi Philippine Islands, not only among ihe Puh I lo servants but among th private In dividuals who go tu Ihem It because I feel thli so deeply Dial la Hie administra tion uf these Island I have positively re fused in permit any dlscrlmltialoii whatso ever fur political reasons, and have Insisted Dial In choosing lha publle ssrvanl consid eration should be paid solely in Hi worth of Ihe men chosen and to ihe need nf lha Islands There Is no higher body of men In our public service than w have In Hie Philippine Islands under (lovsrnor Wright and hli associates. Mo far lis possible these men should b given a frr hand, nnd Ihelr suggestions should receive Hie dearly backs lug hath af Hie Itxecullve and of Id Con Kress. There I need of a vigilant and ills Interested support of our public servants In th Plililpptn by good clllicns here In the I'nlted males, (very measure taken concerning lh Island should be laken primarily wild a view In Ihelr advantuge. We ihould certainly give them lower tariff rat oil their exports tn Hie Hulled Hlateil If this Is nut dune It will be a wrung lo extend our idlpplng law In Idem, I earnsitly dope for Hie Immediate enactment Into law of Id legislation now pending to encourage American capital lu aeek Investment In Hi llnd In railroads, In factories, In plantations, and In lumbsr Ing and mining. TIIICOUOIIB IIOOHUVUITr. iw IS Mm 'WJMrM j0(ywfm i . .. . j- .Wtt I JJm ,Tiime3H(W- HP - ii.".- OH !- . "" V ..