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About Estacada progress. (Estacada, Or.) 1908-1916 | View Entire Issue (July 1, 1915)
CROPPING SYSTEMS FOR DAIRY FARMS EUROPEAN TOWNS ALL BAVE MARKETS Silage, 100 tons a t $4............ 400.00 Hay, 20 tons a t $12 ............... 240.00 Total D isbursem ents ......$1750.00 Receipts ..... $2685.00 D isbursem ents ............................ $2110.00 Provide Selling Stalls Where Expenses, Incomes and Prof Labor income ..................... $ 035.00 Country Growers Meet its Figured on Basis of R eturns per cow: Customers Direct 40-Acre Farm, Etc. Cost of feed, 10,080 lbs. grain ..........................$151.20 System is Bred into Growers Who Investigation Shows Unit Too Small 75 tons silage ................... 300.00 n u te Held Sam e Booths in Fam ily for llest Labor Returns, Expenses 12 tons hay .................................... 144.00 to r Several G enerations. Being Proportionally G reater than on L arger Units. $495.20 Oregon A gricultural College, Cor vallis, ju n e 28.— "P ractically every Cost of feed per cow .............. $41.27 By R. G. Fowler, town has its public m arket, ’ Profit per cow ................................$63.93 European In College D airy Sem inar. says Dr. H ector -Vlacpnerson, of the Oregon A gricultural College. “Town seem s to indicate th at the unit anu country m eet in the m arket Conditions in the W illam ette Val of This 40 acres w ith the owner doing all square, where the city dweller ueals ley are different from those in most the work, is too sm all, as the buildings uirectly w ith the grow er of his m eats, sections of the country w here facts and equipm ent cost practically the and figures as to the size of farm s sam e lo r the 80 or 120 acre farm , fru its anu vegetables. The m antel and num ber of stock kept, have been and other things being equal the ratio habit is born and bred in every in worked out. but as nearly as I can of profit should be g reater on the 80 habitant of both town and country, is a habit w ith the force of gen era figure 40 acres in this section is the 120 acre farm . Three horses can it tions behind it. proper unit for one man to work. I or work 80 acres alm ost as easily as they "B ut it is a habit which has never am thinking of intensive farm ing and can 40 and would have few er idle been widely acquired in Am erica. Our m aking every foot of the land pro days, thereby cutting down the cost rapid developm ent, the early rise of duce som ething. Upon this unit 1 of m aintenances. com m encal agriculture, m arvel am going to place 12 dairy cows w ith Corn, grain, clover and pastu re ously rapid grow th of our the cities, and young stock to m atch, am ounting to should constitute the rotation and in 20 head of stock altogether. The sur such proportion th a t they m ay be all the dem and of our city populations plus would be sold each year so th at utilized on the farm . The question for a much g rea te r variety of products than the surrounding country could only selected stock would be kept. of versus perm anent p as produce, have all conspired to m ake This num ber with 3 horses and 4 ture cultivated comes in here. The num ber of the building up a f a public m arket brood sows would constitute the work cows kept depends largely upon the ing stock of the farm . difficult. Our housewives, even in of feed fo r the sum m er country towns, draw upon F or the cropping system , this 40 m provision and where perm anent pastures the whole world practically fo r th eir food supply, acre trac t may be divided into two are onths available this problem is solved sections, one in which the main ro to some extent. But this kind of land ih is gives the retail dealer his foot hold. The telephone system and the tation is carried out and another usually w orth half or n. ire of the delivery wagon, w asteful as they are, sm aller section for a system of soil is value of cultivated land on the m ar entrench him in his position. ing on a small scale, and hog pas ket and it takes about two acres to “Hence th a t it has been alm ost ture. The main rotation is one con support th a t the balance is impossible it is, sisting of grain fo r feeding purposes, in favor a of cow the so cultivated to m aintain a public clover, pasture and corn. By taking This, with the silo and a small pasture. m arket except in such of the older am ount 32 acres of the 40 and dividing it into of soiling crops should bring the cows A m erican cities as early adopted the 4 fields of 8 acres each, the crops and through the sum m er in fine condition E uropean institution. Many of thes approxim ate yields would be as fol as cities have the m arketing habit well as keep up the milk flow. older lows: firmly fixed as the cities of the Old More cows can be kept under this as W orld. O ats or barley, 450 bushels, hay 20 system than in any other as it is m ore tons, silage 100 tons. A system of “ T hat there are certain advantages pasturing clover in the spring may be dependable. in the public m arket no one would E ighty to one hundred and tw enty deny. used, thus saving the main pasture acres It gives the individual farm er is the m ost practical size of and holding off the hay harvest until farm for the average farm er in the every opportunity to build up a repu June rains are over. If the corn crop in such m arkets as those of W illam ette Valley—above this it tation. was short the preceding year, the evolves B altim ore, Boston, and New Orleans, the nuestion of efficiency in first cutting of clover may be placed are stands which have been occupied in the silo for sum m er feeding and in m anagem ent. by the sam e fam ilies for two gener this way aid greatly in supplying ations. They have th eir specialties, feed for the anim als. Two silos would and have built up reputations which CARE OF THE WORK HORSE be necessary and would have to be are assets, ju st as is the good-will of quite small on this 40 acres. The re an old established business. Thus, a Horses a t work on the farm should m ainder of the farm would be di be given the best of care, and the prem ium is placed upon excellence, vided as follows: and enterprise, which is much not be too severe or con energy Buildings and grounds 3 acres; hog work should be desired. M oreover investiga for too long tim e w ithout giv to pasture, soiling crops (corn, peas, g a r tinued tions of many of these old public ing the horse a rest and change of m arkets have den, etc.,) 5 acres. shown th at, even al diet, according to the Animal H us From the 4 brood sows 20 hogs bandry staff a t the Oregon A gricul lowing for th eir tim e, m any of the could be turned olf annually. These tural College. Collars should be ex stall-holders are doing much better hogs have the run of the com and amined frequently to see th at they than they could by selling th eir pro grain fields a fte r the crops are off, conform to the local retailers. to changes in the size of the ducts and provision for other pastu re can neck as fa ot only does the farm er g et bet changes to muscles, and ter “ N prices be made by sowing rape or turnips the ham es t should his products, but the be kept perfectly city consum for with the spring grain or ju st before adjusted to the collar. er gets the produce fresh The m ane from the farm the last cultivation of com. a t much more should be kept from under the collar reasonable prices and Some grain will have to be pur and than he could buy the shoulders should be w ashed chased for feed in the form of by a t meal tim es, preferably w ith a little them from the retailer in the absence products, but with the economic use of a local m arket. of the crops grown, chopping all feed, salt in the w ater. O ats is the stand “The difference in price to the con etc., an immense saving may be ef ard grain w here available, and mixed sum er is best illustrated by the re fected. The am ount of pasture to be clover and tim othy is one of the best sults attained through the establish held in the sum m er will depend large hays. A little hay m ay be given a t m ents of m arkets as a result of the ly on the operator. The tilth of the noon, all the anim als will eat up clean recent advance in the cost of living. soil and the state of cultivation would ly over night, and none in the m orn Many cities have attem pted to relieve have to lie considered, but if this is in ing. W ater should be given three the situation by the establishm ent of good shape and with the aid of the tim es a day before feeding, and it public m arkets on conditions especial silos and sm all soiling system , the should be clean enough for the ow ner ly attractiv e to the farm er, and under cows should go through the sum m er to drink. the pressure of high prices are trying in excellent condition. to cultivate a m arketing habit am ong On this 40 acre unit with 12 cows th eir citizens.” BUILDING THE SILO the following returns could be expect ed: (These cows should m ake 350 The principles of m aking a silo are SPRAY FOR SPOTTED pounds of b utter fat.) described by Professor G. R. Hyslop, ('redit: CUCUMBER BEETLES B utter fat. 4200 Ibs at 30c $1260.00 crop specialist of the Agronomy de Stock sold, 8 head avg. $35 280.00 partm ent of the Oregon A griculutral POISON DUST FOR VERY SMALL Hogs, 20 head a t $14 280.00 College as follows: “The best type PLANTS AND LIQUID SPRAY Silage, 100 tons at $4.00 400.00 of silo is the cylindrical silo w ith a FOR OLDER ONES BEST Grain, 450 bushel at 50c 225.00 continuous door; one th at is equipped w ith a roof and one th at is also Hay, 20 tons at $12 .............. 240.00 First Infestation of Pest Ended and equipped w ith a chute. The walls Second Beginning, to Continue Un Gross receipts .... $2685.00 and bottom m ust be air-tig h t if the til Late Summer. silage is to keep. Air-spaces cause the silage to spoil. The silage fre Debit: Oregon A gricultural College, Cor quently settles as much as two, three vallis, June 28.— The twelve-spotted Interest on 40 acres at $160 at "> $ 860.00 or four feet. A nother essential is cucum ber beetle is a serious pest of Depreciation on $5000 a t 8 It.. 400.00 th at it m ust be adapted to the am ount beans, cucumber, squash, potatoes, the Taxes ...................................... 65.00 th at m ust be fed each day. In order silks of com , ornam ental plants, etc. Feed, 2 tons hog feed $ 60.00 to get the very best feed we ought to The first generation of beetles are 450 bu. grain . 225.00 285.00 feed off two or three inches each day." present during April, May and early I June. They feed on young p lants ju st pusning through the ground. The new brood of beetles appear in late June ana are present until late sum m er. ih ey rmule the foliage of beans, squash, etc., leaving only a gauze n et work of the leaf surface; they eat off tne silks of corn, preventing the ears irom setting kernels; they feed on the ripening fru it of peaches and prunes anu ruin the blossoms of dahlias and sim ilar flowers. V ery good success has attended pre lim inary experim ental work w ith sprays this year. While we would em phasize the fact th a t these re sults are not conclusive, and suggest, particularly in tne case of beans and very tender foliage, th at only a few plants be sprayed a t first and careful observations m ade for a day or two as to the effect of the application on the foliage, we feel w arranted in recom m ending the following tre a t m ents: F or sm all plants prepare a dust spray consisting of sulphur eight p arts, powdered arsenate of lead one p art; mix thoroughly and dust on the plants in the early m orning when the uew is on. A very convenient way to apply this m aterial when a dust gun is not available is through a coarse salt sack or cheese cloth bag. For older plants and vines use a liquid spray as follows: powdered arsenate of lead one ounce; cheap syrup or glucose one q u art; w ater three gallons. Spray on the plants on a bright day when a slight breeze is blowing. An occasional plant should be left unsprayed. Sometimes the beetles refuse sprayed foliage, lh en w here no unsprayed foliage is available on which they m ay congre gate, they will often work down ju st a t the surface of the soil and cut off the plant much as a cutw orm would do. FROM WEEK LING TO RANGER By the tim e our chicks are a week old the startin g m ash food which has been used can be be substituted by a heavier m ash. It is a good plan to take two or three days to gradually wean the chicks from the startin g food onto the grow ing m ash consist ing of 3 lbs. w heat bran; I lb. m iddlings or good shorts; 1 lb. corn m eal with a pinch of salt when mixing. This m ash is mixed m oist to a crum bly consistency w ith sour skim milk or b utter milk, if possible, or w ater. Feed once a day for the m orning feed, about w hat will be cleaned up in an hour. A t 11 A. M. and 4 P. M. the grain m ixture (equal p arts cracked w heat and cracked corn) is scattered; enough to keep the chicks busy an hour. An im portant point in the last feeding is th at the chicks be sure to g et a full crop of grain before bed-time. All through the grow ing period the chicks should have unrestricted access to charcoal, cracked bone, green food of some kind and a good grade of beef scrap. When possible to do so, furnish skim milk or b u tter m ilk to drink. Keep a constant lookout for lice on the chicks and m ites in the coops. When the chicks are 5 o r 6 weeks old they should be large enough to be weaned and will do w ithout the hen if properly feathered and the w eather is favorable. As soon as this period is reached, move the birds into m ore roomy q uarters; preferably into grow ing colony houses on free range. E x trem e care should now be taken not to crowd too m any chicks into one house. A g reat m any prom ising birds are ruined by over crowding.— C. C. Lamb, O. A. C. Extension Poultrym an. TEACHER» IN SUMMER SCHOOL About 200 teachers of Oregon and other states are taking the sum m er school work a t the Oregon A gricul tu ral College. Among them are two young men th at came all the way from M issouri and A rkansas to take work in teaching m anual a rts w ith P rofessor F rank Shepherd, whose work they w ere acquainted with. Many courses are taken, w ith a very strong demand for instruction in teaching m anual a rts in ru ral schools.