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About The Maupin times. (Maupin, Or.) 1914-1930 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 11, 1916)
BIG DAM BURSTS; riflY LOSE LIVES Thirty-Foot Water Wall Carries Destruction Near San Diego. DAMAGE ESTIMATED AT $1,000,000 Area Two Miles Wide Devastated Bodies Washed to Sea Many Marooned Without Food. San Diego, Cal. At least 50 persons . were believed to have been killed late Thursday when the lower dam of the San Diego water system in the Otay valley, south of here, broke under the heavy pressure of the flood waters. A wall of water 30 feet high was re leased. ' Sweeping down the valley the great flood of water carried people, live stock and valuable farm property to de struction. Scores of residents are missing. Houses on 25 ranches were swept away. The first news of the disaster reached here late Saturday. There had been no communication with the district since the disaster occurred, as wires were aown ana roaas were impassable. At least 25 Japanese men, women and children were reported to be among those lost. An area 15 miles long and two miles wide is devastated. Rescuers were unable to reach the scene of the disaster, as all bridges were washed out and the swollen streams were so treacherous that it was impossible to launch boats to go to the rescue. Several bodies have been seen float' ing in the flood waters, according to reports received here. The coroner confirms etimatess that place the loss of life in the flood at 60. He said that many of the bodies had been washed out to sea. The breaking of the dam released 11,000,000,000 gallons of water, which rushed down through the thickly popu lated and narrow Otay valley. The property loss will amount to at least $1,000,000. Because of the fact that they were isolated by the break ing or the dam, which shut off any means of reaching other communities, hundreds of families in the vicinity are facing a food famine. Louis D. Brandeis, Boston lawyer, Named for Supreme Court Bench Washington, D. C President Wil son Saturday sent to the Benate the nomination of Louis D. Brandeis, law- yer, of Boston, to be associate justice of the Supreme court in succession to the late Justice Lamar. The nomina- tion was a complete surprise in official circles. Mr. Brandeis' name had not been mentioned publicly in connection with the place. Mr. Brandeis has been in the public eye for some years as a prolific writer on economic topicB and for his connec- tion with labor and trust legislation. He attained some prominence six years ago as attorney for the interests which sought the removal from office of Secretary Ballinger in the noted Pinchot Ballinger controversy. He was conusel later on for the shippers who opposed the general increases in freight rates before the Interstate commerce commission, and during the same period he was at the forefront of those who were demanding an investi gation of the financial affairs of the Mew Haven railroads. Mr. Brandeis represented the Ore gon Industrial Welfare commission last year in the case of O'Hara vs. Stettler, in the United States Supreme court, giving the oral argument and preparing one of the briefs. The case is still pending in the court. Several years ago Judge Brandeis appeared be fore the Supreme court in the same capacity in the interest of the Oregon . 10-hour law. In this case he appeared as counsel for Illinois and Ohio well. He was, in 1910, chairman of the board of arbitration which settled the New York garment workers strike. War Is "Only Beginning." - London "I think that for us the war is only beginning," said David Lloyd George, in an interview, "but am absolutely confident of victory, be cause, although we all have made mis takes in the past, England and her allies are now taking counsel together and will be stronger, because they are united. By next spring we shall have for the first time more munitions than the enemy, and our superiority in men is unquestioned. Besides this, Ger many's financial position is growing worse daily." Booty Given to Bulgaria. Berlin, via London Emperor Wil liam has presented to the Bulgarians all war materials captured by German troops in Serbia, according to an in terview with the former Bulgarian minister to Italy, M. Rizow, printed in the DusBeldorf General Anzeiger, Mr. Rizow said the booty comprised more than 30 cannon, numerous ma chine guns, tens of thousands of rifles, quantities of ammunition, 127 baggage and hospital wagons and sanitary ma terial valued in all at "probably 80, 000,000 to 40,000,000 marks." Titanic Claim Settled. , New York Attorneys for the White Star line announced Saturday that agreements had been reached , with more than 200 claimants whereby about $600,000 will be paid in claims arising out of the Titanic disaster. The largest amount to be paid as a death claim will be $50,000, which probably will be received by Mrs. Irene W Harris, widow of Henry B. Harris, the theatrical producer, Mr. Harris1 claim was originally for $1,000,000. COW PER ACRE IN WILLAMETTE VALLEY? (Assuming that a cow will produce S00 pounds ' fat per year, what acreage ia required in my community Willamette valley to grow a bal anced ration for her? Paper by M. S. Shrock. be fore State Dairymen'! Association Conference, January 7. 1916.) Some years ago in the Willamette valley there was a good deal of talk about a cow to the acre. Dairymen and farm papers conceded that the Willamette valley ought some day to support a cow per acre. I am not go ing to talk on the minimum acreage required, because I do not think that the problem. I am going to talk about the most economical and con venient acreage, because there is such thing as extravagance in over-inten sity. I believe it is policy for the av erage dairy man in the Willamette valley to buy some of his concentrates. doubt if it is the best method to at tempt to produce all of his feed on the farm. This will be true as long as the big farmers in Eastern Oregon are content to continue robbing their farms of soil fertility and transferring that value to us. I believe it is policy on the average farm to grow some cash crops along with the dairy prod ucts. By investigation we find that the better herds in the Willamette valley we got records last year from six herds scattered around through four or five counties, comprising one hundred and thirty cows the average feed was 4761 pounds of hay, 2647 pounds of llage, 6554 pounds of green feed (or 9200 pounds of succulent feed), 1365 pounds of grain, and on the average they were pastured a little less than four months. The average price was $3.60 per month. These cows pro duced the average 307 pounds of fat. If they fed hay for eight months, it would amount to twenty pounds per day, and green feed for ten months would still amount to thirty pounds per day; grain feed, five and two thirds pounds. Granting that the average farm in the Willamette valley that has been fairly well kept will yield two and one half, tons to the acre, of green feed twelve tons per acre, and fifty bushels of oats, or its equal in weight in any other grain, from thoBe yieldB it requires nearly two acres, or .92 acres, to grow the feed per cow, provided one-third of the concentrates are bought, aa I believe on the aver age they are. If all the grain is bought, it only requires 1.37 acres. My idea of the average dairy farm in the Willamette valley would not be to try to keep as many cows as possi ble per acre, but to get a fairly good sized herd and grow some cash crops. Take an eighty-acre farm and divide it into four divisions. One will grow the hay for twenty cows, and probably bull and a few head of calves or heifers one division f twenty acres. Another twenty-acre division in a second crop of clover will furnish pas ture for most of the summer. Another twenty acres will grow the green feed and silage, and vegetables for the f am- ly, and six or eight acres of potatoes for market if the dairy farm is so sit uated that he can market potatoes successfully. If you are too far from the market to ship potatoes, that ad ditional acreage can be put to corn. It is well to put it to some cultivated crop for the Bake of the rotation. Grow corn and feed it to the hogs, which go well with cows. Another division can be put to grain, and will supply grain to the herd and for the horses on the farm and six or eight acres for market. Starting with one cow for every four acres, in the course of four or five years there will be no trouble at all in increasing the yield to twice these amounts keeping a cow for every two acres, and still produce a cash crop besides. We have asked the dairy men this question : In your es timation, how much have - you been able to increase your yields as the re sult of the growing of leguminous crops and the application of manure? Out of the six who were asked this question, two said they had increased their yields fifty per cent, two said they had increased their yields of hay and grain fifty per Cent, and increased their yield of green feed one hundred per cent,, and one had increased bis yields two hundred per cent, and an other four hundred per cent. It is a fact there is no place where the soil responds to the use of manure as it does in the Willamette valley, no place where so much depends on the man. Averaging up increases, .these six rec ords would be an increase of one hun dred and forty per cent, so I feel the dairy men in the Willamette valley are able to do what these bix have done. That fully agrees with my other state ment that the yield can be doubled. I believe it is policy to try to run a dairy to a little more full capacity than we have been doing in the past. A great many men in the Willamette valley are keeping six or seven cows when they ought to keep twenty. It takes almost as much time and equip ment for six or seven as it does for twenty. You have to have the equip ment, do so much looking after the cows, haul the cream to market. But I also believe there is extravagance in over-intensity, as when a man tries to keep a cow per acre. , May Enlarge University.' University of Oregon, Eugene The State University may be still further enlarged by the early addition of two more professional schools. . The board of regents has taken under considera tion the foundation of a school of op tometry. The North Pacific College of Dentistry at Portland has petitioned for affiliation. The departments of architecture and journalism have been raised to schools, in addition to which the University now conducts schools of commerce, education, law, medicine and music. 4,000,000 Fry in Danger. Astoria During the recent storm and cold spell 150 feet of the flume which carries the water to the Klats- kanie River hatchery was smashed by falling trees, shutting off the water supply to the troughs in which 4,000, 000 Chinook Salmon fry are kept. The troughs also froze over and it was only by working all night in making repairs and removing the ice that the em pioyes of the plant were able to save the fish from destruction. The work was completed, however, in time to prevent any loss of fry. NEWS ITEMS , Of General Interest About Oregon Membership of Eugene Cannery Association Makes Rapid Growth Eugene The volume of the canned goods business of the Eugene Fruit Growers' association, an organization in which 541 Lane county farmers are stockholders, increased 25 per cent during the past year, according to an announcement made in the annual , re port of the manager, J. O. Holt, read at a meeting held in the Eugene cham ber of commerce. More extensive operations of the cannery are owned by the association are planned for -1916, when depart ments for the manufacture of jams and preserves, in both glass and tin, will be added. Mr. Holt reported that there had been Borne decrease in . the volume of green fruit shipments on account of a short apple crop during the past year, and that the dried fruit output had been about the same as for the 1914 season. In detail the report shows that the total amount of fruit and vegetables handled in all departments was 2,360, 000 pounds, an increase of 10 per cent. The varieties of products canned num bered 37. The cannery this year has handled a number of orders for the War depart ment, some of the Lane county prod ucts being shipped to the Mexican border. Rabies Is Investigated. Klamath Falls Field Agent E. T. Averhill, of the United States Biolog ical Survey, who was sent into Kamath county to investigate the rabies epi demic situation here, has returned from the Bly country. He declared the two head of. cattle that died of rabies on the Givens ranch on Sprague river were brought in from Harney county last fall, but that some of the number had grown on the ranch, and had therefore been bitten there. Mr. Averhill Baia: While 1 was at Bly, Clarence Taylor, living near by, killed a coyote which Bhowed symptoms of rabies strongly. I sent the brain to Dr. Roberg for examina tion. 1 also sent in the brain of a cow which had been allowed to die of peculiar symptoms resembling rabies." Pay No Delegate Expense. Salem No provision now exists in the election laws for the payment of expenses of delegates to the National conventions, according to an opinion given by Attorney General Brown. This opinion was in reply to an inquiry by I. S. Smith, senator from Coos county, and sponser for the repealing measure passed by the last legislature, Under this opinion Secretary of State Olcott announced that he would not audit any claims for delegates' expen ses which might be made. While the new law does not specifl cally repeal the section of the 1911 laws relating to the payment of dele gates' expenses, it obliterates it from consideration by implication, the attor ney general holds. Cold Kills Range Cattle. Baker Cattle in the interior are suffering from the cold, and several deaths have been reported. W. H Orhcer, lzee, Grant county, lOBt sev eral calves and others were badly froz en in the ears and noses. In the vi cinity of Ironsides, Malheur county, several cattle also are reported lost, while the ranges near Durkee have suffered. . In other parts of Grant and Malheur counties the snow is bo deep that roads have been abandoned and travelers are compelled to go through the fields. Several cattle are reported snowbound in Eagle Valley, Baker county, and hope of saving them has been given up. . Malheur Corn Tract Big. Ontario Malheur county is doing its share in tugging the corn belt into the Northwest and stretching it across Oregon) Estimates by County Agri culturist W. W. Howard and the corn committee of the county grange place last year's acreage planted to corn in the Malheur and Willow Creek valleys at 3000 acreB, with an average yield 40 bushels. Exhibits from this crop were displayed at the State fair, the Manufacturers and Land Products show, the Panama-Pacific exposition and the corn show at Walla Walla. Blind Slough Camp Busy. Astoria After a shutdown of ap- proximately one and a half years the Larkin Green Logging company' camp at Blind Slough is preparing to resume operations this Bpring. Six sets of timber fellers and about 20 buckers already are at work. Ab soon as the weather conditions are favorable, the company will begin dumping about 300,000 feet of logs in to the water daily. A short time ago the company's railroad was extended into a tract of about 100,000,000 feet of timber. Blue Law Injunction Dies. Hillsboro Circuit Judge Bagley has dissolved the temporary injunction re straining enforcement of the Sunday closing law. Upon the announcement of the opinion of the United States District court, which automatically dissolved the restraining order, coun sel for the affected dealers sought and procured a continuance pending ap peal of the Brunswick-Balke-Collender company case to the United States Su preme court. Further continuance is denied in the opinion given this week. Tax Ad Rate Put Up to Counties, Salem It is the duty of the various county courts to fix the rate to be paid newspapers for publishing delinqent tax lists, Attorney General Brown ruled in response to an inquiry from E. B. Tongue, district attorney of Washington county. The attorney general also held that newpapers that have been designated by County courts as official organs cannot be compelled to publish the lists, unless a specific agreement to do so has been made by them. NORTHWEST MARKET REPORTS; GENERAL CROP CONDITIONS Portland Wheat Bluestem, $1.15: fortyfold, $1.09; club, $1.07; red Fife, $1.04; red Russian, $1.04. Millfeed Spot prices: Bran, $23.60 per ton; shorts, $25.60; rolled barley, $3132. y Corn Whole, $37 per ton; cracked, $38. Vegetables Artichokes, $1.251.60 per dozen; tomatoes, California, $1.50 .76 crate; cabbage, $1.602 per cwt. ; garlic, 15c pound; peppers, 20 30c; eggplant, 1517c; sprouts, 8 9c; horseradish, , 10c; cauliflower, $2.25 dozen; celery, $4.75 5. crate; beans, 10 13 Jc pound; cucumbers, $1.752 dozen. Green Fruits Pears, $11.50 box; grapes, $4 5 barrel; cranberries, $12.50. . Potatoes Oregon, $1.65(3)1.75 sack; Yakimas, $1.651.75; sweets, $2.75 3 cwt. Onions Oregon buying price, $2 f. b. shipping point. Apples Spitzenbergs, extra fancy, $2.25; fancy, $2; choice, $1.251.50; Jonathans, extra fancy, $1.60; fancy, $1.25; choice, $1; Yellow Newtowns, extra fancy, $2; fancy, $1.75; choice, $11.25; Baldwins, extra fancy, $i.ou; fancy, $1.Z5; choice, $1; rus sets,' orchard run, $1, eggs Buying prices: uregon ranch, premium, 33c dozen; No. 1, 30c; No. 2, 27c; No. 3, 20c. Jobbing prices: Oregon ranch, candled, 36c dozen. Poultry Hens, small, 14c; large, 15c; small springs, 1415c; turkeys, live, 20c; turkeys, dressed, choice, 26c; ducks, 1216c; geese, 1213c. Butter Cubes, extras, 31c pound; firsts, 29c; seconds, 27c; prints and cartons, 3c extra; butterfat, No, 1, 32c; No. 2, 29c. Veal Fancy, 12Jc pound. Pork Fancy, 9c pound. Hops 1915 crop, 1012c pound. Wool Eastern Oregon, 1825c pound; valley, 2526c; fall lambs wool, 26c; mohair, Oregon, 28c. Cascara bark Old and new, 8i4c pound. Cattle Choice steers, $7.257.75; good, $6.757; medium, $6.606.75; choice cows, $5.606 medium, $4.75 (oi5.25 heifers, $46.40 bulls, $2.50 (a)4.60: stars. $3(0)5.25. Hogs Light, $6.757.40; heavy, $5.766.40. Sheep Wethers, $67.75; ewes, $4.256.56; lambs, $78.26. Reaction in Wheat Market Feared. The recent swift upward movement in the wheat markets of the United States is causing grain men at Port iaid to proceed with caution. They are asking whether or not the top has been reached. Sooner or later the high limit is going to be attained and the turning point will come without warn ing. It IB true that prices are 30 cents cheaper in the local market than they were one year ago, but it is just about a year ago that the crest of the 1914-15 market was reached, and slump disastrous to many set in, While there may or may not be a per manent check to the rise, a reaction, at any rate, is looked for, and for that reason there has pot been the keenness to buy this week that was witnessed in the preceding week. It is also this uncertainty that is causing millers to refrain from advancing flour prices at this time. Country wheat bids were unchanged but at the local exchange offers were raised from i to 1 cents. Coarse grains were about steady. Bradstreets estimates the world b visible wheat increase at 960,000 bush els, the corn increase at 1,172,000 bushels, and the oats increase at 979, 000 bushels. The European visible wheat supply is 79,840,000 bushels, an increase of 3,456,000 bushels for the week; a year ago it was 72, 30), 000 buBhels, a de crease of 4,400,000 bushels. Boom in Hop Trade. A buying movement of unusually large proportions has struck tbe Pacific Coast hop market. In the three states trading has become extremely active and prices are on a firmer basis than any time this year. A large part of the buying appears to be for export account. There are also indications of urgent short covering. That some of the purchases represent new business with Eastern brewers is also certain. Hop men are at" a loss to explain the sudden boom in trade. It may be partly in consequence of the clearing off of pooled hops from the market, but it is more than likely that the de mand for association hops is an effect rather than a cause of the flurry. A place abroad for a large quantity of American hops has evidently been found. Whether the stocking up is in anticipation of a small foreign crop or is to avoid the import duty that Eng land is likely to impose is not clear. At any rate, the buying haB become urgent and supplies in the hands of Coast growers are sharply reduced, Oregon holdings in first hands, outside the association, are now estimated at 10,500 bales. Grant to Use Stock Tax. Baker For the first time since the state law was passed allowing counties to tax stock from other counties sum mering within their own boundaries, Grant county is taking advantage of the new law and has employed George H. Cattanach and J. M. Blank to gather data from the forestry office, to enable it to collect the amounts due. It is thought that the entire sum will run well into the thousands. Collec tions will be made from Baker, Har ney, Morrow, Gilliam, Crook, Uma tilla, Wheeler and Malheur. Fruit Men Await Government Report. North Yakima Members of the Yakima Valley Fruit Growers' associ ation adopted at a meeting here a reso lution recommending that the question of affiliation with the North Pacific Fruit Distributors be deferred until after government experts have sub mitted a report on a new system of fruit marketing. The report now is being formulated as the result of re cent conferences with fruit growers in various parts of the state. The trus tees of the Yakima Valley association are expected to act on the resolution, ALL 'WORTH SAMPLING VARIETY OF DUMPLINGS TO SUIT ALL TASTES. May Be Made the Chief Part of Meal or Only a Course of the Menu at May Be Desired for the Meal. Chicken Dumplings. Mix and slfi three level teaspoon! uls of baking pow der and one-halt a level teaspoonful of salt with two cups of flour. Add suf ficient milk to make a soft dough. Roll lightly on a floured board and cut into small biscuits. Place on a greased pie plate In a steamer and cook 20 min utes. Do not move or uncover the steamer while the dumplings are cook ing. Do not start to make the dum plings until the chicken is tender. It can wait, but not the dumplings. Soft Dumplings. One cupful of fine ly chopped beef suet, one generous pint of flour; one teaspoonful of black pepper, 1 teaspoonfuls of salt. Mix well together and add enough cold wa ter to make as thick as biscuit dough. Roll out and cut with a biscuit cut ter or knife, drop into boiling water and cook tor one-half hour, drain and serve hot. -Serve with roast meat, oi the dumplings may be slightly browned in the oven after boiling. They are also good added to a meat stew. Liver Dumplings. Chop one-half pound of liver and one-fourth pound of bacon, uncooked, as fine as possible. Beat two eggs lightly and add one fourth cupful of butter to them. Then add the meat, the seasonings of chopped parsley, white herbs, salt and pepper, and 1 cupfuls of bread crumbs, adding more bread crumbs it necessary. This will depend on the softness or dryness of the crumbs and on the size of the eggs. The mixture should be just stiff enough to make a paste which can be formed Into balls. Divide into portions, roll smoothly In the hands and poach in boiling water before boiling, cooking about fifteen minutes. Potato Dumplings. Grate four cold boiled potatoes and add to them one cupful of stale bread crumbs soaked in a little milk, just enough to moisten, also one cupful of bread crumbs crisped In a little butter or drippings. Add two eggs, two tablespoonfuls of flour and seasoning of salt, pepper and nutmeg. Form into medium-sized balls and steam or boll 20 minutes. Turn on to a serving dish and sprinkle with the remaining fried bread crumbs. Drip Dumplings. Three eggs, one- half cupful of milk, two tablespoonfuls of butter, one cupful of flour, one-half teaspoonful of salt, one-Blxteenth tea spoonful of pepper and a grating of nutmeg. Break the whites of the eggs into a cup and add enough milk to fill the cup. Mix with the butter and flour in a spider and stir as it bolls until it leaves the spider clean. When cool, stir In the yolks well and season to taste. Drop from a teaspoon into boiling soup Ave minutes before serv ing. Cornmeal Dumplings. Scald four cupfuls of cornmeal with a sufficient quantity of hot liquid in which ham has been boiled, add a dash of salt, stir together well, make Into balls and dip into the ham liquor when it Is very hot. Boil for twenty or twenty-five minutes, occasionally stirring to keep from Bticking to the kettle. Turkish Loaf Candy. Toast one-fourth pound shelled almonds (blanched) and one-half pound shelled walnuts in the oven un til a delicate brown. Cut one-eighth pound figs and one-eighth pound can died pineapple into strips. Work these ingredients together with one-fourth pound seeded raising, into the fondant, which has been flavored with vanilla. Shape into a loaf and cover on all sides with melted chocolate. When hard and ready for use, cut in slices, -Mother's Magazine. Prunes and Chestnuts. Soak three-fourths pound of prunes over night in just enough water to cover; then stew until tender. Shell and blanch one pound chestnuts and cook In boiling, salted water until ten der. Drain, then add them to the prunes; add one slice ot lemon and slowly cook both until the prunes and chestnuts are very tender and the julco of the prunes has become thick. Queen Cake. One cupful sugar, one-halt cupful' butter, one-half cupful milk, three eggs, one cupful flour; stir sugar and butter to a cream, add the yolk of the eggs with milk, then flour Into which has been stirred two heaping tea spoonfuls baking powder and corn starch; beat thoroughly together; add whites of eggs beaten last. Potato Rissoles. Season a pint of hot mashed pota toes to taste with salt, pepper, butter and a little hot cream. Add a well- beaten egg and mix in a cupful ot fine ly minced cold lamb. Form into balls, roll In egg and fine bread crumbs and fry in deep fat. Serve at once, gar. nlBhed with crisp lettuce leaves. Warming Over Meat. The best way to warm up a roast of meat 1b to wrap it in thickly greased paper, and keep it covered while in the oven. By having It covered the steam will prevent the meat from be coming hard and dry, and it will be some heated through in less time. Christmas Pound Cakes. One pound butter, one pound sugar, one pound ot flour, one pound of eggs (usually eight), salt, one pound of raisins, a little nutmeg. Put In just a little baking powder. Bake this In a large tin and cut it into four small cakes when done. German Pancakes. To each egg take one tablespoonful ot flour, a pinch of salt, a pinch of baking powder and add enough milk so It will pour eaBlly into the pan. Make about as thick as griddlecakes. To Clean Raincoat Sponge with a mixture ot ether and alcohol to which has been added a Uttle ammonia. TEST CCWS FOR BUTTERFAT Easy Matter to Determine Which Ani mal Are Worth Keeping by Keep ing Record of Feed Given. The Babcock tester can be used by a farmer to determine the amount of butterfat produced by each cow of his herd. If a record Is kept of the amount of feed given each cow, it Is an easy matter to decide which ani mals are worth keeping. A cow may give a large flow of thin milk for three or four months. Pipette, Holding 17.5cc. Milk and a Test Bottle for Milk, Used In Bab cock Test. For the remainder of her lactation period she may give only a small flow, Another cow may give a fairly small amount of rich milk during her en tire lactation period. The first cow will likely be given credit by the farmer for being a very good producer, when, as a matter of fact, she may not be nearly as profitable to keep as the second cow. Three things are necessary to enable a farmer to de termine whether or not a cow Is profitable. Total pounds of milk given In a year; the percentage of butter- tat In the milk; and the value ot teed consumed, GOOD PLAN FOR INBREEDING Animals Used for Purpose Should Be as Near Perfect as Is Possible Watch Hogs Closely. (By DR. R. H. WILLIAMS, Animal Hui bandman, Arizona Experlmunt Station.) It makes a difference in inbreeding whether one is handling purebred or grade stock. By inbreeding we mean the breeding together of animals ot a common blood. I would advise you to use animals for inbreeding that are as nearly perfect as poBSlblo. Tboruti- cally, if you have perfect animals, the only logical thing to do Is to inbreed, because it is simply impossible to se cure evil results from InceBt with such animals. Perfect animals are a rarity. Ordi narily It Is wise to inbreed the off spring on the siVe where the sire Is a good registered animal and the dam an ordinary scrub. Care should b exercised, however, not to follow this more than once, as Inbreeding is a two edged sword which must be handled with the greatest care. Tbe sire may be bred to a second generation ot his get with good results, but this is not recommended. It would not be as much inbreeding to use a sire on his granddaughter or brother and sister as to use a sire on his daughter, but breeders have used both methods with good and evil re suits. Hogs will stand inbreeding less than any other kind of farm animal, and on this account must be watched closely VALUE OF MANURE SPREADER 8avlng of Labor Is Only One of Many Advantages Offered by the Use of the Implement. Most farmers believe that the great est value to be derived from a ma nure spreader Is In the saving of labor. As a matter of fact, this is only one of the advantages offered by the use of such an implement. Another advantage which is even more important in many ways, is the tact that manure scattered evenly and rather thinly over a wide area will give very much more return per ton than where scattered Irregularly and on the thinner places, as is usually done when distributed from a wagon. This Increased return is due to the fact that there Is less loss In fermenta tion when put on thinly, and also to the fact that a considerable share ot the value of manure comes from the addition of beneficial bacteria to the soil, so that when this takes place over a wide area it is much more bene ficial than when limited to a small area. , Essentl&ls of Plgt-on House. The essentials of a pigeon house are fresh air, dryness and good drain age, sunlight, and space enough for the comfort of the pigeons. A south ern or southeastern exposure is best. Buckwheat and Rye Together. There is more profit in growing a crop of buckwheat and rye sown to gether, which gets the crop ot rye without tillage, than there Is in grow. Ing three crops ot buckwheat alone. Alfalfa Is Spreading. Alfalfa Is slowly but surely spread ing. Where a few years ago this good stuff could not be found, now many patches are visible from the road Soon there will be fields. Bad Luck Howler. If you see a low class, nondescript buck running with a flock of sheep, you know at once that the owner Is behind the times, and a "bad luck bowler." ,; ROFITIN "BABY BEEF" Young Animals Must Have Liberal Supply of Right Feed. Grain End of Ration Will Need to Ba Increased Steadily During Late Winter There Is No Better Feed Than Corn. Suppose "baby beeves" are to be finished for the market next fall. This means that they must have a liberal supply of the right kind of feed all winter long, feed that will keep them growing in bone and frame and at the same time developing in an all round manner. The grain end of the ration will need to be Increased Btead ily during the winter, writes L. Hunt of Kansas in Farm Progress. There is no better feed than corn for this pur pose, and it should be fed liberally, using, say-, from one-half to three quarters corn in the grain ration. Use bran and oil meal for the remainder. Where there is plenty of clover or alfalfa the corn part of the grain ration may be even larger, as th- hay will take care of the protein part of tbe ration. Where you are feed- A Good Type of Feeder. ing redtop or timothy hay let about one-fifth of the ration be oil meal or cake. Watch the calves and Increase the ration as they take on size and weight. If they come along all right during the winter they ought to weigh around 800 or 900 pounds by spring, and on a good pasture they are soon ready for the market. It is really a better plan, however, to put them on a fattening ration early In the spring and finish them on dry feeds. When they are to be finished on the pasture It is possible to limit the grain ration considerably during the winter, and finish on a few weeks of grass. However, it will be necessary to give an ample grain ration while they are on the pasture. On clover Feeding on Alfalfa. and alfalfa ten per cent concentrates In the grain ration will be plenty, but from 15 to 20 per cent is needed when the calves are on bluegrass or timothy. The calves ought to be ready for market by the middle of June and weigh around 1,100 pounds. Calves to be finished as two-year- olds should be grown more Blowly. Roughage and a little grain will see them through their first winter, and they should make their way on the pasture the next summer. The sec ond winter they should be fed hay or silage and some grain. Give them all the roughage they can eat. Where there is no legume hay feed them some oil meal along with the grain. TONIC FOR AILING CHICKENS Give Hens Physio When Systems Need Cleaning Out Give Epsom Salts In Their Mash. When hens go off their feed and you suspect that their systems need clean ing out, give them a physic, as you would a person. If It Is a single fowl a half teaspoonful of epBom salts may be dissolved in water and poured down its neck. For the flock or a pen the salts solution may be used to wet a mash. It won't hurt the flock to have a physic once in two months anyway, whether they show special signs ot needing it or not. For chicks under three weeks ot age a nall-pouna ot epsom salts is enough for 300 of them. Proportional amounts should be given for older, fowls. AVOID DAMPNESS AND FILTH Little Profit In Squabs Unless Through Cleanliness Pigeons Are Kept Free From Vermin. There Is very little chance of mak ing money from squabs unless through cleanliness pigeons can be kept com paratively free from disease and in sect parasites. The stock should be carefully watched and any sick birds removed from the breeding pens. The house should be kept dry, clean, well ven tilated, and free from drafts. Tbe yards should be kept clean ei ther by scraping the surface and add ing fresh sand or gravel or by culti vating the land and planting it to grain It possible. Only good, sound grain should be fed. Paint Improves Appearances. A few dollars' worth of paint will add many dollars to the actual value of the farm buildings, besides the great satisfaction ot improving the ap pearance ot the farmstead so man kedly. - Insurance Against Hessian Fly. Tbe man who cleans up the weeds and volunteer wheat In his fields this tall will provide some good Insurance against trouble with Hessian fly next season