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About Independence enterprise. (Independence, Or.) 1908-1969 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 21, 1919)
i 1 EIGHT PAGES THE INDEPENDENCE ENTERPRISE, INDEPENDENCE, OREGON. PAGE THREE Over 18 Billion, Year's War Cost What the American People Had to Pey in 1918 for Operation Against Gcfmany Jt cost tho Atm-rfcon people about $18,100,000,000 to ruii its war virnmcnt and mako loans to tho allien in the pant year, according to , i! ..... ,,... 4t-tiiunrV TMMirtn. Si , it nTillittlloiia jiu" 'j --i . 1 December expenditures above $2,000,000,000, the record of the juilinn's history, Hcut aggregate war costs to approximately $24,500,- lt,0,Of tho $18,lfi0,(K)O,O00 paid out of tho treasury's coffers in 1918 f , ...1,1- $10,0()0,00(),()0() went for tho army and the general military ' .1 iiment; about $1,0.00,000,000 for tho navy; $1,000,000,000 for tho Umbuilding program j $1,000,000,000 for other civil government needs, V ! 150,000,000 an loans to America's brothers in arms. I5'"' rrilf it.n miblio has paul only about ono-third. of tho war's expenses, Idling foreign loanu," in taxes in cash and two-thirds in loans to bo Irr.'mid in another generation, is indicated by .treasury figures of collection il'rom various suurra, ! " " Kansas With 11,184,000 Acres j Has 22.8 Per Cent of Winter I Wheat Area of United States I reporter for the federal, depart 1 of agriculture declare tlmt Knn wl!h11.1.KK, .ore, hu .22.8 per I eent of till ti3T ir wnmt mm of fine rnlte.1 RtyteM. A full crop on this enormous aero I i.iMi Ih 13 ner cent larger than TIME TO START POULTRY RAISING In the back and was finished with a deep Vandyke collar that extended over the sleeves. . . In tho picturesque days of Queen Anne women Introduced the low, square cut decolletage, guiltless of col lar, which our women have worn for two decades; and In the middle of the eighteenth century, In the Georgian crif, women used a simple decolletage In a rounded V outlined with a wrinkled handkerchief as a part of their street attire. Running the mind over this slight l rhnnireg in the NEW DECOLLETAGE IN VOGUE decolletage, It is easy to see that we t,nvA lnnn nothing new I out nere i QUICK CHAIIGE 111 STYLEOTGOWHS Women Must Catch Ideas Quick ly or They Will Be Lacking in Fashion ' Queen Elizabeth and Queen Anno Are Sponsor for the Neckline Now In Favor Delta Becoming for , Evening Wear. P0UHW .. .. nerenKH of hint ycr tiii-d rooiKiO.OOn liuxh-lH, or more than m,'..,hlnl of tho W),!).K10 huHhels for ,l,e average annual consumption In the railed States, the report ay. Su.lt ft production, with n Kimran- , ,,rlro of ti a bushel, would bring Klines $KH).0K).(MM). The December r,.,.rt Hated that the average condi tion Is l per cent. ' Not only Is this the largest aere ;.. of wheat ever sown in a single Mate, hut U Is probably t'10 largest nnviige ever devoted to a single grain (T,,. of any state." my the report. The Texas cotton crop Is possibly the only state crop that ever excelled It " campaign for mobilizing a great ..m,r m harvest the WW crop Is be- mi; "worked out by tho Kansas City t the director general of the ..im.iovnient service. In charge- f western farm labor. Lust year the federal employment oHIccs snpimeu fully half of the 40.WH men used In Kansa nnd Oklahoma harvest fields. It N expected many thousand more liands will be needed for the 1910 yield. Women, children and business and professional men responded to the "wheat won't wait" call and helped gather the big war crop. Ideas Worth Fortunes Are at the Disposal of Those of Inventive Turn of Mind At no time In the history of the standard bred poultry business has t hero been such a favorable opportuni ty for the beginner or small breeder to make n good profit from poultry. There hu never been a, time when it would pay so well to keep even a small flock in the hack yard to supply tne family needs. In conversation with a back-yard poul- trytuan, writes a poultry expert, we learned Unit from nine hens he had secured enough eggs during the past year to supply fresh eggs for- tho table use of a family of three, nnd they hud eggs on the table at least one meal every day. His feed bill was very Utile owing to utilizing the table scraps, which, made Into a mush, made up a nice part of tho dally ration. The Having in meat and egg bills was no little item of expense, and, as he put It. "The expense and trouble are so little It's just like finding them." For the poultry man the future never was brighter. Tho demand for stock, eggs and baby chicks is sure to be the greatest In the history of tne ousmess, nnd those who have stuck through the trying times of the past and those who will take un the breeding or stanuaru bred' noultry will ri-ap u great harvest during the next few years. The present prices of market poultry ana eggs, backed up by recent government re t.orts on cold storage holdings, indi cate prices will continue to soar higher, The man who is In the poultry busi ness, or eun get in even with a few fmvlM will come out a long way uneau even If only a few are kept for his own family useto reduce the vanced cost of living. ...lof via KM iroinir to do at the Imme diate moment: Kevlve the delta of the Elizabethan times, tne ueep square of Queen Anne, ivith Its tight, high line at the side ot the neck, and the tt ..!..., n.r.AiiotAi'A of the end of . . . - U-BIIUJ""' . ' " n - -- , h Pbfhteenth century, with its rood New Tcrk.-It Is time to change a the eu.no stm. n cent few things in women's apparel, asserts e?ty piece of. lace. , p a prominent fashion authority. Worn- - Return of Lace foliar., en are leaping f rom . uniforms into We. have gone through a sensor, of medieval gowns of ,gold, and crystal, medleva severity in th. nc' nnd tulle In brilliant colors, and into Women have aided I nature Jhlf smashing furs and red street apparel, them ugly or cbea e d nature which There are significant changes work- made them beau tlfnl ;'nf in up from the ground. There Is the without any "Ulars of Lavy new decolletage which was prophesied neCk, by wearing coat " of g In this department weeks ago and homespun t unrelieved by ' "te. and Jy which is coming into view as smart, tne use oiw Vhieh fashion kept women exploit it. Half a dozen new veteen and crepe which fashion Kept . i,iia imva iinAdornea. ways 01 cuiuiiK wju u.-.im leaped into existence and a dozen new True to history thh . but not .,.,;. h i,i,a Hi.hnn of ex- true to art. There were few women ; r V matter Whether we dress who looked their best in such sever- ,iifrUrnfiv nhnnt the bins and feet, tty. Today collars return siowiy. .... . .U. we are dressing decidedly differently There are etm mow. . - about the neck and even the wrists. you they are no smart ba a t the It is ln these significant changes exclusive house there that the neat mass of women are in- to put precious lace on the .new ' ecK Sest who ao not feel that they can line. It Is not a J afford entirely .ew gowns for the mid- t is a dee , U which The artist who said that all changes arrangement of lace or tulle acres the uV,lna fnr women COnSISieu iu uunu the placement of the bulge, or the ab- CHANGE VARIETY OF APPLES Process of Making Transformation U Simple and Can Be Done by Almert Any Farmer. ad A soldier was oni'e tramping along a countrv road on his way to rejoin his unit. ' Hearing that his luck was ml her down, a casual rriena pm , up Wr the night at an inn, and on j parting with him In the morning gave him w.me tobacco. ;To show his grat itude, the soldier parted with the on y thing he had which he thought would be of service to his benefactor, the re-, ripe for making bom blacking. Out of that simple recipe was born a great polish firm. "I was singing to the mouthpiece or ' telephone," said Edison, "when the vibrations of my voice caused a fine steel point to pierce one of my fingers. That set me to thinking. If I could record the motions of the point and ,.mi tt over the same surface after ward, I saw no reason why the thing should not talk. That's the story. I. was only an Iden, but out of that simple notion sprang the phonograph. It was a passing ideu which gave the world tho discovery of galvanic elec tricity, so useful in transmitting vo cal and written language. Mme. Giil vanl simply, happened to notice the contraction of the muscles of a skinned frog accidentally touched at the mo ment lier husband took a spark from an electric machine. That was whole thing. Returnina Soldiers Have Outgrown Civilian Clothes snmo of the soldiers returning to civil life from the world war are fac ing a problem they did not expect-not the problem of finding a Job to fit them, ...... .i... r fln.llno n suit to (lO SO. As r. im-t. to civil life and civil hubll .....! it seems likely the tailors will be busy, for the men are finding they cannot get Into the ciouung u.j u. ,.r,b,l when they donned uniforms, Gains In weight, up to 25 pounds are ,.m,,wn. while some have made great er gains. Those who went in the army young and not fully developed, made especially large gains, but men of 4w.flv, vears and up, who thought they had stopped growing, .find that they have added brawn and muscle to . -i. an thnt nrevents them wearing their former garb and that they will have to provide themselves with new clothes. In some cases, the shoes, too, will have to be a size or i - made on a wider last as wen. the The Queen Anne decolletage which . l -s&'a- f . ' i- . Kiaw velvet evenina aown which" is cut for street. Delta decolletage shown In new brocade evening gown .n and ao 'd. This neckline originated in the Elizabethan days. . .. . ... tha Tin the side of the necK ana runs sence or it, snouiu nuvc rrriw Tshaned onening SeCUUU UUWW - opqp spaces in .costume- D gmarti and u la banded Tu. there is no doubt with fur and then filled in with fine vjui. v..v, , - clllr not. Tho onrour is uic luiua In times past, unscrupulous nursery men and fake tree agenjs have distrib uted a good many worthless varieties of apple trees. Fanners who ordered them for their home orchards usually had Ideas as to what they wanted, and in giving an order they would specify their favorite varieties. Even expert nurserymen cannot with certainty tell the variety of fruit ,by the looks of the young or old tree. Consequently it -nrn verv easy for these agents to substitute any varieties in place of the ones ordered. There was a heavy de mand for the more valuable varieties, and the supply was Insufficient to meet this demand in the earlier history of the corn belt, says a writer in Wal laces' Farmer. This encouraged the substitution, and hundreds of farmers have found their orchards .filled with early or worthless fruit, which they care nothing about. v. It is fortunate that an apple tree of one variety may be changed into any other one or more varieties desired. Some have taken advantage of this fact and have simply remade their orchards, getting rid of the varieties they do not want, and now, from the same trees are harvesting the fruit of thPir choice. . While It requires years from planting time to bring an apple tpo to bearing, the variety can be changed into something desired in a very few years. The process or mait- (no- this transformation IS qmie siiuin: and can be done by anyone who is .iiiin- to co to the trouble, it is known as top working. Tho hest time for making these grafts is Just before growth starts in the spring. All tnat is necensarj that the tree be fairly vigorous in health, and that good scions of the variety wanted be obtained from some reliable nurseryman or rrom a ixee which Is known to produce the partic ular variety. The scion Itself is simply a small cutting taken from the previous years growth. It should have two or tnree j buds, and be from three to six mcuea long. The scions may be cut In the spring from the .. enas or Deanug branches, or cut the previpus fall and stored until needed.'' It Is important that they be inserted when they are dormant. .In picking out a tree from which .scions are to be cut one should select one which Is known" to hear wen and to produce fruit of good quality. The accompanying cut shows how to insert the scion. The limb to be graft ed Is cut off smooth and is then split. The large end of the twig cut for a scion is then made into a wedge taper ing to "a V-shaped point. :This can he doncwith two strokes ot a sharp Jack knife, which will leave the surface smooth. To Insert the scion .properly, GREEN FEEDS FOR POULTRY There Is Much In Proper Curing and Handling Beets ana wiangei Wurzels Also Good. If you have fed clover or alfalfa to poultry in Its green state or dry you know its value. If "you have not used It as a) hen feed do so this . winter, , even if you have to buy some, and In future seasons, you will lay In a ' good supply. There Is much in cur ing and handling tms iooa w right for hens. If it has been done properly, cut Into one-quaru-i-.." lengths, and place It In a tub or bar rel, then turn on steam or hot water, which at once brings back the aroma . of the harvest field. Next spread out in the mixing box and sift on some cornmeal, middlings and animal meal, salt a little and you have as good a mess for laying hens as can be pre pared. In some respects alfalfa Is hotter than clover. It Is very rich In , protein, yields more in a year than clover, and hens like it better. For poultry It should never be al lowed to become woody. A good field of alfalfa will produce more hen feed than the same amount or. space imi Into any other crop. - ' . " Next in order for a depenaame wm ter food come beets and mangel-wur- zels. There are different sons, reu. yellow and white. All make a good winter hen feed, iney are ue""-" largely of water, but It makes an ex cellent winter food, oeing en"i and kept and is very handy to feed. By feeding plenty of green food to the hens in winter there is -a profit de rived In two ways. The hens will be more healthy, therefore lay better, and by working it into the daily ration the cost of feeding the flock is lessened considerably. " ti,nt ho was richt, tiling. It is where a garment goes in or out that determines its fash Ion Few women there are who are brave enough to go against the contour of the hour, even though It may not suggest the best there is in their figures. . . New Decolletage. HINTS Oil HANDLING POULTRY Among Other Things for Farmer to . Remember Is That Male Doesn't Influence Number of Eggs. (Prepared by the United States Depart ment of Agriculture.) It is urged that all farmers and poultrymen adhere strictly to the : fol- lowing principal rules In handling their poultry and eggs: . - 1. Keep the nests clean; provide one nest for every four hens. 2. Gather the. eggs twice daily. 3. Keep the eggs In a cool, dry room or cellar. 4. Market the eggs at leasts twice week. , , 5. Sell, kill or confine all maie mrus as soon as the hatching season Is over,- Tt is felt by those who have their hnnrts on the nulse of fashion that the oblong neckline of the Kenaissance Is no longer smart, although It Is worn by some well-dressed women. Double Neckline. There is a disposition on the part (iivsiffners to mnke' a double VI nuiuv Bcouci-M. ."Vla thov do hv a subtle The change in the neckline , s per- rrnT of 7h n fabrics'. A cer- Chinese Use Ancient Method Of Printing and Engraving The Chinese follow the, primitive way of printing from engraved wooden . m.. in b nrlnteu is U1UCKS. AilO iuli.v .. - . first written, by means of ink, upon pa per, which Is pasted face downward upon a block of a pear or plum tree. After the paper becomes dry it is rubbed until an inverted Impression of the characters is left. Then the blank spaces are cut away and the block is turned over to the printer, who works by hand. He takes care to ink tne characters equally and to avoid tearing the impression. , WISE AND OTHERWISE I Fnr.fi Riinnlv Reauired by Soldiers and Civilians ' The man who works hard needs in a day twelve ounces, of one or of a com bination of the following: Meat poul trv cheese, dried vegetables, fish or pegs To vary the above he may count every glass of milk drunk equal to an ounce of any one or tne mu. SSer? either in home or military life, must have four pounds of fresh fruit and vegetables In order to keep the bony structure in good condition. He will need the three-quarters of a cupful of fat (this includes butter, oil, the fat of meat eaten, or any other Sin the dally 'diet) to keep him 1 1 . it.i -r.nr lio must add warm, anu to una ti' , . l:"0nfi one-fourth pounds of bread or cereal, and finally, in oroer , , nlete the necessary amount of drlv- pitie mo . nunces lng power, ne mui -"Alnr or one-third of a cupful of sirup. most important to the aver age woman. ' She has belief In herself when It comes to cutting a new kind of neckline. She feels that a good pair of scissors may be the medium of. transforming an old gown into a new gown bv the simple process of turn ing ah oblong neck into a round one, -a square one, or-a U-shaped one. All history is filled with rapid changes in the neckline, and so far we have not had anything new. We have the bells t history an over usa.u. arrangement of thin fabrics. tain designer has turned out a re markably brilliant gown of raspberry chiffon having a deep U-shaped flccolletnge outlined with chinchilla whluh "swings the chiffon with the movement of the figure, as though It were a necklace. Beneath it. and hug .rw tho hnst in the eighteenth cen tury manner, is a bodice with a round ed decolletage, two will be an oblong Renaissance neckline that reaches from shoulder to shoulder, cut on a tight satin bodice, The man who keeps his self respect has saved all that mat ters. '. A woman's Idea of a real party is ono for which she feels it necessary to go to an expert to lmvo Vior hnlr dressed. ' ' Next to shopping for herself there's .nothing a . woman likes 4. better than helping another woman to pick out a new gown. There's one thing about good work you never have to worry about being able to get away with it. enn unrfh Millions Finds Way Into sewage in cnyiauu TTnnr hundred thousand tons of soap ' . ... ... DHmotod. used every year in are, n. -""""-' ,, .w,.ii finds England, practicany uu - d its way into the sewage. If this could tS " I th value would be from rfi $50,000,000. The residue which was left after all. the ttycon had been drawn won Id be j considerable fertilizer value. It wou d . 7:- . on would be completely sterl Sed nd odorless and 'could be Stermzeu n.Knnt creat- rung That is aii. . . f . . . be swung a looser Kdwaru u . " ,'a tniio whteh T,,n(i the women wore tne geor- noaice 01 eoioieu uuuvu r ---- iaubl"" . . . , , ww" "."".T:-"; vriv" i. , h nnd has a long. , . .v,i0h wrinkled aoOUt me nw is iiigu at uo - 53 foiTtSSr tbl chin and rounded line In front that drops to the 1- -xn. hndfl I LI IS WU lULLvr vvuio . tne oacn i u . 1'.,v.mi wfti.r. duped to fashion a lew yeuio BiaCK anu em uiunu ----- throuch a dancer and her clever de- noon g0wns have the Queen Anne dec l. Ti . .tin rn hv women who niiotnp-A. which follows the exact line f motoring, and they make it of dark whePe the neck Is placed on the body, go moioriub, u thnn of ..t.i it nta tr. noilar bone, where blue crepe "ll - ..t n snnee half SillLiu. ...... .. ml.tn la MlfUnAfl J TT -nraa lrlnir niS nrnr to TIP WfllSI. J.U13 jucuuiu " . t. - - - mnv ha 0UtUned French queen Drougni ovCl wuu iul. fo..., . -- . z".i;i:-isz frS!. eve, ,U. ... i,i,iora nnd tnen. as il. vy a are u - white When i' il M 1 ' 5 4 ' One Hundreds Hens Should Every Farm. " Be on Plan for Inserting Scion. and then the ."" V a jmrf nnn1 out. dden snasmof prudery, hid tne nee aeco neiuge ward to the arm-pits. xt. rrniro this chanee in the necKiine intro- seriously. It will govern the clothes of and ears by an Immense ruff. , rtrv,an .Tnmes I came to . b n-nlnnil 1 1 a mm 0 Tl rTe.ttBM-bodice the net few weeks, Q.:. .' flnrin collar of (Copyright, 1918. by McClure Newspaper t the back, and when ; , j I allowed , Henriette Syndicate.) France to T lead . the' fashions of for To remove smoke stains from Ivory, 1 " I,,.; ih. was the low, round Immerse in benzine and go over . , j n,itv.nnt preat- h.t iinnori wpn downward with a brush. - , - , stored" or used on iuuu - j neotime w'"r- ' . ing a nuisance.- ...r. ' " ...... re the split In the limb should be held open by some sort of a weuge. j-nu-the scion is pushed in until the inner bark of it comes In contact with the inner bark of the limb, it is preiei able to have two scions, placing one at each edge of the spilt. Only tne one which shows the most vigor is allowed to develop, however. The most impor tant part to provide for, m graiung i to make sure that the inner bark, or cambium layer of the scion comes in contact with the inner bark of the par ent hrnneh which Is to feed It. With the scions in place, the next step Is to cover th wound with graft ing wax, which can be purchased ready prepared or made at home, according to a formula which will be given in a following paragraph. The soft wax is applied over the ends or tne. scions, and over the cut surfaces, making them both air and water-tight. It is a good idea to wrap a cloth around tne gran, to protect the wax from the sun later in the summer. Grnft.Ina.wax may be made at nome by melting together one part .of tallow or linseed oil, two parts or. ueeswa nnd four parts of resin., It is pulled like taffy as soon as It Is cool enough, and wrapped up m oiled paper. An other formula, If the wax is to be ap plied with a brush, Is to melt together six parts of resin, one part 01 uaee nil nnd one Dart of beeswax. , This must be kept In a melted state while the grafting is done, but it snouiu not be applied loo hot. . Grafting wax Is very stlcky.and must be handled with greased hands v , so as to produce Infertile "eggs. The male bird has no effect on the number of eggs produced. ', MISSION OF OYSTER SHELL Not Given , to Supply Grit, but to Make Bone, Muscle and Feathers Help Out Ration. Many .poultry growers, especially beginners, have the Impression that oyster shells make a good grit for fowls, but such is not the case. Oyster shells, In some respects do help to grind the fowl's food, but the chief mission is to make bone, muscle and feathers. They form the shell of the egg, or assist in this matter and at the same time aid in mating, a comyieio ration when fowls are fed charcoal and grit together with their gram ra tions.' If you keep them before the hens and do not feed fat-producing feeds, they will prevent soft-shelled eggs nnd keep them from acquiring the egg-eating habit, which Is. one of the greatest losses ever experienced hv nnv noultrvman. In almost every feed given to fowls we find a shortage of ash. The oyster shells supply this want of ash and the hens, lay their full quota of eggs. averagFyearly eggrecord About 130 Per Hen Is Good Estimate Result From Flock Properly Cared For. About 130 eggs per ben Is a fair av . v.c Moriv peer record. A era&e xv. ......... -co flock' properly cared for should pro duce about one third tis many eggs as there are hens, during the months of December, January and February. f. i i on isb E IS :e V t r u " t d 'ie 1 se in- a- ie: v. ,r' 1 e-d t 1 "3 S3 Ul rri pr; ye, I ' zu. 1 1 pi ' !' iT 1 i n ;YJ ! i or ' 1 D , 4 It jff 4.-H