i
1
EIGHT PAGES
THE INDEPENDENCE ENTERPRISE, INDEPENDENCE, OREGON.
PAGE THREE
Over 18 Billion, Year's War Cost
What the American People Had to Pey in 1918
for Operation Against Gcfmany
Jt cost tho Atm-rfcon people about $18,100,000,000 to ruii its war
virnmcnt and mako loans to tho allien in the pant year, according to
, i! ..... ,,... 4t-tiiunrV TMMirtn.
Si , it nTillittlloiia jiu" 'j --i .
1 December expenditures above $2,000,000,000, the record of the
juilinn's history, Hcut aggregate war costs to approximately $24,500,-
lt,0,Of tho $18,lfi0,(K)O,O00 paid out of tho treasury's coffers in 1918
f , ...1,1- $10,0()0,00(),()0() went for tho army and the general military
' .1 iiment; about $1,0.00,000,000 for tho navy; $1,000,000,000 for tho
Umbuilding program j $1,000,000,000 for other civil government needs,
V ! 150,000,000 an loans to America's brothers in arms.
I5'"' rrilf it.n miblio has paul only about ono-third. of tho war's expenses,
Idling foreign loanu," in taxes in cash and two-thirds in loans to bo
Irr.'mid in another generation, is indicated by .treasury figures of collection
il'rom various suurra,
! " "
Kansas With 11,184,000 Acres
j Has 22.8 Per Cent of Winter
I Wheat Area of United States
I reporter for the federal, depart
1 of agriculture declare tlmt Knn
wl!h11.1.KK, .ore, hu .22.8 per
I eent of till ti3T ir wnmt mm of
fine rnlte.1 RtyteM.
A full crop on this enormous aero
I i.iMi Ih 13 ner cent larger than
TIME TO START
POULTRY RAISING
In the back and was finished with a
deep Vandyke collar that extended
over the sleeves. . .
In tho picturesque days of Queen
Anne women Introduced the low,
square cut decolletage, guiltless of col
lar, which our women have worn for
two decades; and In the middle of the
eighteenth century, In the Georgian
crif, women used a simple decolletage
In a rounded V outlined with a
wrinkled handkerchief as a part of
their street attire.
Running the mind over this slight
l rhnnireg in the
NEW DECOLLETAGE IN VOGUE decolletage, It is easy to see that we
t,nvA lnnn nothing new I out nere i
QUICK CHAIIGE 111
STYLEOTGOWHS
Women Must Catch Ideas Quick
ly or They Will Be Lacking
in Fashion '
Queen Elizabeth and Queen Anno Are
Sponsor for the Neckline Now In
Favor Delta Becoming for
, Evening Wear.
P0UHW
.. .. nerenKH of hint ycr
tiii-d rooiKiO.OOn liuxh-lH, or more than
m,'..,hlnl of tho W),!).K10 huHhels for
,l,e average annual consumption In the
railed States, the report ay.
Su.lt ft production, with n Kimran-
, ,,rlro of ti a bushel, would bring
Klines $KH).0K).(MM). The December
r,.,.rt Hated that the average condi
tion Is l per cent. '
Not only Is this the largest aere
;.. of wheat ever sown in a single
Mate, hut U Is probably t'10 largest
nnviige ever devoted to a single grain
(T,,. of any state." my the report.
The Texas cotton crop Is possibly the
only state crop that ever excelled It
" campaign for mobilizing a great
..m,r m harvest the WW crop Is be-
mi; "worked out by tho Kansas City
t the director general of the
..im.iovnient service. In charge-
f western farm labor. Lust year the
federal employment oHIccs snpimeu
fully half of the 40.WH men used In
Kansa nnd Oklahoma harvest fields.
It N expected many thousand more
liands will be needed for the 1910
yield. Women, children and business
and professional men responded to the
"wheat won't wait" call and helped
gather the big war crop.
Ideas Worth Fortunes Are
at the Disposal of Those
of Inventive Turn of Mind
At no time In the history of the
standard bred poultry business has
t hero been such a favorable opportuni
ty for the beginner or small breeder
to make n good profit from poultry.
There hu never been a, time when it
would pay so well to keep even a small
flock in the hack yard to supply tne
family needs.
In conversation with a back-yard poul-
trytuan, writes a poultry expert, we
learned Unit from nine hens he had
secured enough eggs during the past
year to supply fresh eggs for- tho table
use of a family of three, nnd they hud
eggs on the table at least one meal
every day. His feed bill was very
Utile owing to utilizing the table
scraps, which, made Into a mush, made
up a nice part of tho dally ration. The
Having in meat and egg bills was no
little item of expense, and, as he put
It. "The expense and trouble are so
little It's just like finding them."
For the poultry man the future never
was brighter. Tho demand for stock,
eggs and baby chicks is sure to be the
greatest In the history of tne ousmess,
nnd those who have stuck through the
trying times of the past and those who
will take un the breeding or stanuaru
bred' noultry will ri-ap u great harvest
during the next few years. The present
prices of market poultry ana eggs,
backed up by recent government re
t.orts on cold storage holdings, indi
cate prices will continue to soar higher,
The man who is In the poultry busi
ness, or eun get in even with a few
fmvlM will come out a long way uneau
even If only a few are kept for his
own family useto reduce the
vanced cost of living.
...lof via KM iroinir to do at the Imme
diate moment: Kevlve the delta of
the Elizabethan times, tne ueep square
of Queen Anne, ivith Its tight, high
line at the side ot the neck, and the
tt ..!..., n.r.AiiotAi'A of the end of
. . . - U-BIIUJ""' . ' " n - -- ,
h Pbfhteenth century, with its rood
New Tcrk.-It Is time to change a the eu.no stm. n cent
few things in women's apparel, asserts e?ty piece of. lace. , p
a prominent fashion authority. Worn- - Return of Lace foliar.,
en are leaping f rom . uniforms into We. have gone through a sensor, of
medieval gowns of ,gold, and crystal, medleva severity in th. nc'
nnd tulle In brilliant colors, and into Women have aided I nature Jhlf
smashing furs and red street apparel, them ugly or cbea e d nature which
There are significant changes work- made them beau tlfnl ;'nf
in up from the ground. There Is the without any "Ulars of Lavy
new decolletage which was prophesied neCk, by wearing coat " of g
In this department weeks ago and homespun t unrelieved by ' "te. and Jy
which is coming into view as smart, tne use oiw Vhieh fashion kept
women exploit it. Half a dozen new veteen and crepe which fashion Kept
. i,iia imva iinAdornea.
ways 01 cuiuiiK wju u.-.im
leaped into existence and a dozen new True to history thh . but not
.,.,;. h i,i,a Hi.hnn of ex- true to art. There were few women
; r V matter Whether we dress who looked their best in such sever-
,iifrUrnfiv nhnnt the bins and feet, tty. Today
collars return siowiy.
.... . .U.
we are dressing decidedly differently There are etm mow. . -
about the neck and even the wrists. you they are no smart ba a t the
It is ln these significant changes exclusive house there
that the neat mass of women are in- to put precious lace on the .new ' ecK
Sest who ao not feel that they can line. It Is not a J
afford entirely .ew gowns for the mid- t is a dee , U which
The artist who said that all changes arrangement of lace or tulle acres the
uV,lna fnr women COnSISieu iu uunu
the placement of the bulge, or the ab-
CHANGE VARIETY OF APPLES
Process of Making Transformation U
Simple and Can Be Done by
Almert Any Farmer.
ad
A soldier was oni'e tramping along a
countrv road on his way to rejoin his
unit. ' Hearing that his luck was
ml her down, a casual rriena pm ,
up Wr the night at an inn, and on j
parting with him In the morning gave
him w.me tobacco. ;To show his grat
itude, the soldier parted with the on y
thing he had which he thought would
be of service to his benefactor, the re-,
ripe for making bom blacking. Out
of that simple recipe was born a great
polish firm.
"I was singing to the mouthpiece or
' telephone," said Edison, "when the
vibrations of my voice caused a fine
steel point to pierce one of my fingers.
That set me to thinking. If I could
record the motions of the point and
,.mi tt over the same surface after
ward, I saw no reason why the thing
should not talk. That's the story.
I. was only an Iden, but out of that
simple notion sprang the phonograph.
It was a passing ideu which gave the
world tho discovery of galvanic elec
tricity, so useful in transmitting vo
cal and written language. Mme. Giil
vanl simply, happened to notice the
contraction of the muscles of a skinned
frog accidentally touched at the mo
ment lier husband took a spark from
an electric machine. That was
whole thing.
Returnina Soldiers Have
Outgrown Civilian Clothes
snmo of the soldiers returning to
civil life from the world war are fac
ing a problem they did not expect-not
the problem of finding a Job to fit them,
...... .i... r fln.llno n suit to (lO SO. As
r. im-t. to civil life and civil hubll
.....! it seems likely the tailors will
be busy, for the men are finding they
cannot get Into the ciouung u.j u.
,.r,b,l when they donned uniforms,
Gains In weight, up to 25 pounds are
,.m,,wn. while some have made great
er gains. Those who went in the army
young and not fully developed, made
especially large gains, but men of
4w.flv, vears and up, who thought
they had stopped growing, .find that
they have added brawn and muscle to
. -i. an thnt nrevents them wearing
their former garb and that they will
have to provide themselves with new
clothes. In some cases, the shoes, too,
will have to be a size or i -
made on a wider last as wen.
the
The Queen Anne decolletage which
. l -s&'a- f
. ' i- . Kiaw velvet evenina aown which" is cut
for street. Delta decolletage shown In new brocade evening gown .n
and ao 'd. This neckline originated in the Elizabethan days.
. .. . ... tha Tin the side of the necK ana runs
sence or it, snouiu nuvc rrriw Tshaned onening
SeCUUU UUWW -
opqp spaces in .costume- D gmarti and u la banded
Tu. there is no doubt with fur and then filled in with fine
vjui. v..v, , - clllr not.
Tho onrour is uic luiua
In times past, unscrupulous nursery
men and fake tree agenjs have distrib
uted a good many worthless varieties
of apple trees. Fanners who ordered
them for their home orchards usually
had Ideas as to what they wanted, and
in giving an order they would specify
their favorite varieties. Even expert
nurserymen cannot with certainty tell
the variety of fruit ,by the looks of
the young or old tree. Consequently
it -nrn verv easy for these agents to
substitute any varieties in place of the
ones ordered. There was a heavy de
mand for the more valuable varieties,
and the supply was Insufficient to meet
this demand in the earlier history of
the corn belt, says a writer in Wal
laces' Farmer. This encouraged the
substitution, and hundreds of farmers
have found their orchards .filled with
early or worthless fruit, which they
care nothing about. v.
It is fortunate that an apple tree of
one variety may be changed into any
other one or more varieties desired.
Some have taken advantage of this
fact and have simply remade their
orchards, getting rid of the varieties
they do not want, and now, from the
same trees are harvesting the fruit of
thPir choice. . While It requires years
from planting time to bring an apple
tpo to bearing, the variety can be
changed into something desired in a
very few years. The process or mait-
(no- this transformation IS qmie siiuin:
and can be done by anyone who is
.iiiin- to co to the trouble, it is
known as top working.
Tho hest time for making these
grafts is Just before growth starts in
the spring. All tnat is necensarj
that the tree be fairly vigorous in
health, and that good scions of the
variety wanted be obtained from some
reliable nurseryman or rrom a ixee
which Is known to produce the partic
ular variety.
The scion Itself is simply a small
cutting taken from the previous years
growth. It should have two or tnree j
buds, and be from three to six mcuea
long. The scions may be cut In the
spring from the .. enas or Deanug
branches, or cut the previpus fall and
stored until needed.'' It Is important
that they be inserted when they are
dormant. .In picking out a tree from
which .scions are to be cut one should
select one which Is known" to hear wen
and to produce fruit of good quality.
The accompanying cut shows how to
insert the scion. The limb to be graft
ed Is cut off smooth and is then split.
The large end of the twig cut for a
scion is then made into a wedge taper
ing to "a V-shaped point. :This can he
doncwith two strokes ot a sharp Jack
knife, which will leave the surface
smooth. To Insert the scion .properly,
GREEN FEEDS FOR POULTRY
There Is Much In Proper Curing and
Handling Beets ana wiangei
Wurzels Also Good.
If you have fed clover or alfalfa to
poultry in Its green state or dry you
know its value. If "you have not used
It as a) hen feed do so this . winter, ,
even if you have to buy some, and
In future seasons, you will lay In a '
good supply. There Is much in cur
ing and handling tms iooa w
right for hens. If it has been done
properly, cut Into one-quaru-i-.."
lengths, and place It In a tub or bar
rel, then turn on steam or hot water,
which at once brings back the aroma .
of the harvest field. Next spread out
in the mixing box and sift on some
cornmeal, middlings and animal meal,
salt a little and you have as good a
mess for laying hens as can be pre
pared. In some respects alfalfa Is
hotter than clover. It Is very rich In ,
protein, yields more in a year than
clover, and hens like it better.
For poultry It should never be al
lowed to become woody. A good field
of alfalfa will produce more hen feed
than the same amount or. space imi
Into any other crop. - ' . "
Next in order for a depenaame wm
ter food come beets and mangel-wur-
zels. There are different sons, reu.
yellow and white. All make a good
winter hen feed, iney are ue""-"
largely of water, but It makes an ex
cellent winter food, oeing en"i
and kept and is very handy to feed.
By feeding plenty of green food to the
hens in winter there is -a profit de
rived In two ways. The hens will be
more healthy, therefore lay better, and
by working it into the daily ration the
cost of feeding the flock is lessened
considerably. "
ti,nt ho was richt,
tiling. It is where a garment goes
in or out that determines its fash
Ion Few women there are who are
brave enough to go against the
contour of the hour, even though It
may not suggest the best there is in
their figures. . .
New Decolletage.
HINTS Oil HANDLING POULTRY
Among Other Things for Farmer to .
Remember Is That Male Doesn't
Influence Number of Eggs.
(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
It is urged that all farmers and
poultrymen adhere strictly to the : fol-
lowing principal rules In handling
their poultry and eggs: . -
1. Keep the nests clean; provide
one nest for every four hens.
2. Gather the. eggs twice daily.
3. Keep the eggs In a cool, dry room
or cellar.
4. Market the eggs at leasts twice
week. , ,
5. Sell, kill or confine all maie mrus
as soon as the hatching season Is over,-
Tt is felt by those who have their
hnnrts on the nulse of fashion that the
oblong neckline of the Kenaissance Is
no longer smart, although It Is worn
by some well-dressed women.
Double Neckline.
There is a disposition on the part
(iivsiffners to mnke' a double
VI nuiuv
Bcouci-M. ."Vla thov do hv a subtle
The change in the neckline , s per- rrnT of 7h n fabrics'. A cer-
Chinese Use Ancient Method
Of Printing and Engraving
The Chinese follow the, primitive
way of printing from engraved wooden
. m.. in b nrlnteu is
U1UCKS. AilO iuli.v .. - .
first written, by means of ink, upon pa
per, which Is pasted face downward
upon a block of a pear or plum tree.
After the paper becomes dry it is
rubbed until an inverted Impression of
the characters is left. Then the blank
spaces are cut away and the block is
turned over to the printer, who works
by hand. He takes care to ink tne
characters equally and to avoid tearing
the impression. ,
WISE AND OTHERWISE
I
Fnr.fi Riinnlv Reauired by
Soldiers and Civilians
' The man who works hard needs in a
day twelve ounces, of one or of a com
bination of the following: Meat poul
trv cheese, dried vegetables, fish or
pegs To vary the above he may count
every glass of milk drunk equal to an
ounce of any one or tne mu.
SSer? either in home or military
life, must have four pounds of fresh
fruit and vegetables In order to keep
the bony structure in good condition.
He will need the three-quarters of a
cupful of fat (this includes butter, oil,
the fat of meat eaten, or any other
Sin the dally 'diet) to keep him
1 1 . it.i -r.nr lio must add
warm, anu to una ti' , .
l:"0nfi one-fourth pounds of bread
or cereal, and finally, in oroer , ,
nlete the necessary amount of drlv-
pitie mo . nunces
lng power, ne mui -"Alnr
or one-third of a cupful of
sirup.
most important to the aver
age woman. ' She has belief In herself
when It comes to cutting a new kind
of neckline. She feels that a good
pair of scissors may be the medium of.
transforming an old gown into a new
gown bv the simple process of turn
ing ah oblong neck into a round one, -a
square one, or-a U-shaped one.
All history is filled with rapid
changes in the neckline, and so far we
have not had anything new. We have
the bells t history an over usa.u.
arrangement of thin fabrics.
tain designer has turned out a re
markably brilliant gown of raspberry
chiffon having a deep U-shaped
flccolletnge outlined with chinchilla
whluh "swings the chiffon with the
movement of the figure, as though It
were a necklace. Beneath it. and hug
.rw tho hnst in the eighteenth cen
tury manner, is a bodice with a round
ed decolletage,
two will be an oblong Renaissance
neckline that reaches from shoulder to
shoulder, cut on a tight satin bodice,
The man who keeps his self
respect has saved all that mat
ters. '.
A woman's Idea of a real party
is ono for which she feels it
necessary to go to an expert to
lmvo Vior hnlr dressed. ' '
Next to shopping for herself
there's .nothing a . woman likes 4.
better than helping another
woman to pick out a new gown.
There's one thing about good
work you never have to worry
about being able to get away
with it.
enn unrfh Millions Finds
Way Into sewage in cnyiauu
TTnnr hundred thousand tons of soap
' . ... ... DHmotod. used every year in
are, n. -""""-' ,, .w,.ii finds
England, practicany uu - d
its way into the sewage. If this could
tS " I th value would be from
rfi $50,000,000. The residue
which was left after all. the ttycon
had been drawn won Id be j
considerable fertilizer value. It wou d
. 7:- . on would be completely
sterl Sed nd odorless and 'could be
Stermzeu n.Knnt creat-
rung
That is aii. . . f . . . be swung a looser
Kdwaru u . " ,'a tniio whteh
T,,n(i the women wore tne geor- noaice 01 eoioieu uuuvu r ----
iaubl"" . . . , ,
ww" "."".T:-"; vriv" i. , h nnd has a long.
, . .v,i0h wrinkled aoOUt me nw is iiigu at uo -
53 foiTtSSr tbl chin and rounded line In front that drops to the
1- -xn. hndfl I LI IS WU lULLvr vvuio .
tne oacn i u . 1'.,v.mi wfti.r.
duped to fashion a lew yeuio BiaCK anu em uiunu -----
throuch a dancer and her clever de- noon g0wns have the Queen Anne dec
l. Ti . .tin rn hv women who niiotnp-A. which follows the exact line
f motoring, and they make it of dark whePe the neck Is placed on the body,
go moioriub, u thnn of ..t.i it nta tr. noilar bone, where
blue crepe "ll - ..t n snnee half
SillLiu. ...... .. ml.tn la MlfUnAfl
J TT -nraa lrlnir niS nrnr to TIP WfllSI. J.U13
jucuuiu " . t. - - - mnv ha 0UtUned
French queen Drougni ovCl wuu iul. fo..., . --
. z".i;i:-isz
frS!. eve, ,U.
... i,i,iora nnd tnen. as il. vy a are u -
white
When
i' il M 1 ' 5 4 '
One
Hundreds Hens Should
Every Farm. "
Be on
Plan for Inserting Scion.
and then the
."" V a jmrf nnn1 out.
dden snasmof prudery, hid tne nee aeco neiuge
ward to the arm-pits.
xt. rrniro this chanee in the necKiine
intro- seriously. It will govern the clothes of
and ears by an Immense ruff. ,
rtrv,an .Tnmes I came to
. b n-nlnnil 1 1 a mm 0 Tl
rTe.ttBM-bodice the net few weeks,
Q.:. .' flnrin collar of (Copyright, 1918. by McClure Newspaper
t the back, and when ; , j
I allowed , Henriette
Syndicate.)
France to T lead . the' fashions
of
for
To remove smoke stains from Ivory,
1 " I,,.; ih. was the low, round Immerse in benzine and go over
. , j n,itv.nnt preat- h.t iinnori wpn downward with a brush. - , - ,
stored" or used on iuuu - j neotime w'"r- ' .
ing a nuisance.- ...r. ' " ......
re
the split In the limb should be held
open by some sort of a weuge. j-nu-the
scion is pushed in until the inner
bark of it comes In contact with the
inner bark of the limb, it is preiei
able to have two scions, placing one at
each edge of the spilt. Only tne one
which shows the most vigor is allowed
to develop, however. The most impor
tant part to provide for, m graiung i
to make sure that the inner bark, or
cambium layer of the scion comes in
contact with the inner bark of the par
ent hrnneh which Is to feed It.
With the scions in place, the next
step Is to cover th wound with graft
ing wax, which can be purchased ready
prepared or made at home, according
to a formula which will be given in a
following paragraph. The soft wax is
applied over the ends or tne. scions,
and over the cut surfaces, making them
both air and water-tight. It is a good
idea to wrap a cloth around tne gran,
to protect the wax from the sun later
in the summer.
Grnft.Ina.wax may be made at nome
by melting together one part .of tallow
or linseed oil, two parts or. ueeswa
nnd four parts of resin., It is pulled
like taffy as soon as It Is cool enough,
and wrapped up m oiled paper. An
other formula, If the wax is to be ap
plied with a brush, Is to melt together
six parts of resin, one part 01 uaee
nil nnd one Dart of beeswax. , This
must be kept In a melted state while
the grafting is done, but it snouiu not
be applied loo hot. . Grafting wax Is
very stlcky.and must be handled with
greased hands v ,
so as to produce Infertile "eggs. The
male bird has no effect on the number
of eggs produced. ',
MISSION OF OYSTER SHELL
Not Given , to Supply Grit, but to
Make Bone, Muscle and Feathers
Help Out Ration.
Many .poultry growers, especially
beginners, have the Impression that
oyster shells make a good grit for
fowls, but such is not the case. Oyster
shells, In some respects do help to
grind the fowl's food, but the chief
mission is to make bone, muscle and
feathers. They form the shell of the
egg, or assist in this matter and at the
same time aid in mating, a comyieio
ration when fowls are fed charcoal
and grit together with their gram ra
tions.' If you keep them before the
hens and do not feed fat-producing
feeds, they will prevent soft-shelled
eggs nnd keep them from acquiring
the egg-eating habit, which Is. one of
the greatest losses ever experienced
hv nnv noultrvman. In almost every
feed given to fowls we find a shortage
of ash. The oyster shells supply this
want of ash and the hens, lay their
full quota of eggs.
averagFyearly eggrecord
About 130 Per Hen Is Good Estimate
Result From Flock Properly
Cared For.
About 130 eggs per ben Is a fair av
. v.c Moriv peer record. A
era&e xv. ......... -co
flock' properly cared for should pro
duce about one third tis many eggs as
there are hens, during the months of
December, January and February.
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