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About Bohemia nugget. (Cottage Grove, Or.) 1899-1907 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 14, 1904)
PRESIDENT'S JESSAGE Text of Paper Delivered to 58th Congress. CAUTIONS AGAINST EXTRAVAGANCE Irrigation, Forests, Public Lands, AlasKa and Our Island Possessions Re celve Due Consideration. Thn fnllntr.ntr In thfl text of tllO TTIC9' ago of 1'rocldent Uooeevelt to tho 5Slh congress : .. a... ItMiiu Af TtnrntatlT: The Nation continues to enjoy noteworthy prosperity. 8uch prosperity la, of course, prb warily due to the blah .ndlrhJual rrf n n..n.vu uvn A-t hp with our great natural reurcee; but an Important fcJJ therein Is the working or our ioni-wni" aTorfrnmenUl policies. The people have em phatically eipressed their approval of the prin ciples underlying thee pottclee, and their eslre that these principles be kept ub,ln: tlally unchanged, although, ot course, applied in a progresMve epini 10 mm vii - Th enlargement of scone ot tha function of tha National (lovernmcnt renutred by our development aa a nation involves, 01 Inrrun np tnnii- mnA th rvfHod Of Pros pertly throuith which tha country l passing juatiOM expenaituree tor rermanrm, ments far greater than Caution Against KxtmvairftJM-o. would ba u m hard tlrnf. Battle. rtilpn an4 fort, public buildings ana impro waterways ara Investments which should ba rnada whtn we hava the money, but abundant revenues and a large aurplua alwea Invite extravagance, and constant cane should be taken to guard again unnecery Increase of the ordinary expense of government. The cost or doing Government business should b regu lated with the same rigid acrutlny aa tha cost of doing a private burtnes. In tha vast and complicated mechanism of our modern civilised life, tha dominant not la tha note of Industrialism; ana me riaune or capital ana uwr, r'n.Umt n.1 IUp BTvl Mtneelall of r- ranizM eanltal and or- ranlied labor, to each other and to the public at larae coma second In Importance only to the Intimate questions of family life. Our peculiar form of government, lth Its afcarp division of authority between tha Nation and tha several state, has been on the whole far more advantageous to our development than ka mora strongly centralised govern ment Rut It la undoubtedly responsible for much of the difficulty of meeting wttn aa auate legislation the new problems presented by the total change In Industrial conditions on mis continent during ina last nan cru- tury. in actual practice It haa proven ex ceedlntlv difficult, and In many casea Im possible, to tret unanimity of wise action anions- tha various states on these subject a. From the very nature of tho case, this r especially true or tne laws anecung nw mployment ot capital In huge mane. With regard to labor, the problem la no less Important, but It Is simpler. As lonr aa the states retain tha primary control of the police power, the circumstances must oe altogether extreme which require Interfer ence by the Federal authorities, whether in the way of fguardlng the rights ot labor or In tha way or seeing that wrong Is not dona by unruly persona who shield thera rolvea behind the name of labor. If there Is reeletanee to tha Federal courts. Interfer ence with the mails, or Interstate romnwrrt, or moleatatton of Federal property, or if the state authorities In some crisis which they are unable to race call for help, then tha Federal Government may Interfere: but though such interference may ba caused by a condition of things arising out of trou ble connected with some question of labor, the Interference Itself slrapl takes the form or restoring order without rerard to the questions which have caused tha breach of orrder for to keep order la a primary duty and In a time of disorder and violence all other questions sink Into abeyance until order has been restored. In tha District of Columbia and In the territories, tha Federal law covers the entire field ot government: but the labor question Is only acute In populous centers of com mere, manufactures, or mining. Neverthe less, both In the enactment and In the en forcement of law the Federal Government within Ite restricted sphere should set an example to tha state governments, especially tn a matter so vital as this affecting labor. I believe that under modern industrial con ditions It Is orten necessary, and even where not necessary It Is yet orten wise, that there ehould ba organization or labor In order better to secure the rlghta or the Individual w age- worker. All encouragement should be riven to any such organisation, so long as It la conducted with a due and decent regard for the rights or others. There are In this country soma labor unions which hava habit ually, and other labor unions which have often, been among the most effective agents In working for good citlsenshlp and for up lifting the condition of those whose welfare should ba closest to our hearts. But when any labor union seeks Improper ends, or seeks to achieve proper ends by Improper means, all good cltUens and more especially all hon orable public aervants, must oppose tha -wrongdoing aa resolutely as they would op pose the wrongdoing of any great corpora tion. . M A. There la no. objection to employes of the Government forming or belonging- to unions; but the Government can neither discrim inate for nor discriminate against nonunion men who are In Its employment, or who seek to ba employed under It. Moreover, it Is a very grave Impropriety ror Government employes to band themselves together for tha purpose of extorting Improperly high sal aries from the Government Especially Is this true of those within the classified serv ice. The letter-carriers, both municipal and rural, are as a whole an excellent body of public aervants. They should be amply paid. Put their payment nut be obtained by ar guing their claims Union of falrIr mnd Jono-b-r u u-i ' before tha Congress. Government an(j nol by banding Employes. together for the de feat of those Con gressmen who refuse to give promises which they cannot In conscience give. The Admin istration haa already taken steps to prevent and punish abuses or this nature; but It will be wise for tha Congress to supplement this action by legislation. Much can be dona by the Government In labor matters merely by giving publicity to certain conditions. The Bureau of labor has dona excellent work ot this kind In many different directions. I shall shortly lay before you In a spe Doreau of Labor, clal mesaaga the full report of the Investi gation ot tha Bureau of Labor Into tha Colo rado mining strike, aa this Is a strike In which certain very evil forces, which ara more or less at work everywhere under the conditions of modern Industrialism, became tartllngly prominent It Is greatly to be wished that the Department or Commerce and Labor, through the Labor Bureau, should compile and arrange for tha Congress a list of the labor laws of tha various states, and ahould be given the means to Investigate and report to tha Congress upon the labor condi tions in tha manufacturing and mining re gions throughout the country, both as to wages, as to hours of labor, as to the labor of women and children, and as to the effect In the various labor centers of immigration from abroad. In this Investigation especial attention should be paid to the conditions ot child labor and child-labor legislation In tha aeveral statea. Such an Investigation must necessarily take Into account many of the problems with which this question ot child labor is connected. These problems can be actually met, In most cases, only by the atatea themselves; but the lack of proper legislation In one state In such a matter aa child labor often renders It excessively diffi cult to establish protective restriction upon the work In another state having the same Industries, ao that tha worst tends to drag down tha batter. For this reason. It would be wall for tho Nation at least to endeavor to secure comprehensive Information aa to tha conditions of labor of children In the different atates. Such Investigation and pub lication by tha National Government would tend toward the securing of approximately uniform legislation of tha proper character among the several states. When we come to deal with great corpo rations, tha need for the Government to act directly la far greater than In the case of labor, because great corporations can become such only by engaging in Interstate com merce, and Interstate Corporations. commerce Is peculiar ly tha field ot tha denerol Government. It Is an absurdity to expect to eliminate the abuses in great cor porations by state action. It Is difficult to be patient with an argument that such mat ters should be left to tha states, because mora than one state pursues the policy or creating on easy terms corporations which ara never operated within that state at all, but In other atates whose lawa they ignore. Tha National Government alone can deal ad equately with these great corporations. To try to deal with them In an Intemperate, destructive, or demagogio spirit would, In all probability, mean that nothing whatever would be accomplished, and, with absolute certainty, that If anything wera accomplished It would ba of a harmful nature. Tha Amer ican people need to continue to show the vary qualities that they hava hown that Is. moderation, rood sens, the earner de- el r to avoid doing any damage, and yet tha quiet uetermination to proceed, step ry step, without halt and without hurry. In eliminat ing or at least In minimising whatever ot miscnitr or or evil there is to interstate com merce In tha conduct of great corporations. They are acting tn no spirit of hostility to wealth, ellher Individual or corporate. They aro not against the rich man any mora than against tha poor man. On the contrary, they ara friendly alike toward rich man and toward poor man, provided only that each acts tn a spirit of Justice and decency toward his fellow. Great corporations are neces larr ami nntv mn nf vrMt anil InaTiilftt mental power car. manage such corporations' suecettruuy, and such men must nave great rewards. Itui thet rortMratlona should be managed with due regard to the Interest of in public aa a wnoie. wnere inis can c-e done under the present lawa It must be done. Where thrte lawa come short others should be enacted to supplement them. Yet we must never forget the determining factor In every kind of work, ot head cr nana, must re me man s own gooa sense, courage and kindliness. Mora Important than any legislation Is the gradual growth of a feeling ot responsibility and forbearance among capitalists and wageworkera alike; a feeling of respect on tha part ot each man for the rights of others; a reeling ot broad community ot Interest, not merely ot capital ists among themselves, and ot wageworkera among themselves, but ot capitalists and wageworkera in their relations to each other, and of both In their relations to their fel Iowa who with them make up the bodr tmI lite. There are many captains of Industry, many labor leaders, who realise this. A recent speech br the president of ona of our great railroad systems to the employe of that system contains aouna common tense. It runs In rart aa follows: "It la mr belief we can belter serve each other, better understand the man aa wall as hts business, when meeting face to face, ex changing views, and realising from personal contact we serve but on Interest, that of our mutual prosperity. "Serious misunderstandings cannot occur where personal good will exists and opportu nttr for personal explanation Is present "In my early bust n ens lire t had experience with men or affairs or a character to make me desire to avoid creating a like reeling ot resentment to myseir ana the interests in my charge, should fortune aver place m in au thority, and X am solicitous of a measure of confidence on the part of the public and our employes that X shall nope may te warranted by the fairness and good fellowship I Intend shall preau in our relationship, "Hut do not reel I am disposed to grant unreasonable requests, spend the money of our company unnecessarily or without alue received, nor eipect tha day of mistakes are disappearing, or that cause for complaint will not continually occur, simply to correct such abuses as may be discovered, to better conditions aa fast as reasonably may be ex oected. constantly strhlng. with varying sue- re a. for that Improvement we all desire, to conlnce you there Is a force at work in th right direction, all the time making progress la the disposition with which I have come among you, asking your good win ana en couracement "The day ha gone by when a corporation can be handled succeufully tn defiance ot tha PUD110 will, even though that will oe unrea sonable and wronr. A nubile mar be led. but not driven, and X prefer to go with It ana snape or moairy in a measure us opin ion, rather than be swept from my bearings, with loss to myseir and th Interests In my charge. "Violent prejudice exists toward corporate activity and capital today, much or It found ed In reason, mora" in apprehension, and a large measure Is due to the persorfal tralta of arbitrary, unreasonable, incompetent and offensive men tn positions ot authority. The accomplishment of results by Indirection, the endeavor to thwart the Intention, if not the expressed letter of the law (the will of the people), a disregard of tha rlghta or others, a disposition to withhold what is due, to force by main strength or Inactivity a result not Justified, depending upon the weakneos of th claimant and his Indisposition to be come Involved In litigation, has created a sentiment harmful in the extreme and a dis position to consider anything fair that gives gain to the Individual at the expense or the company. "If corporations are to continue to do the world's work, aa they are best fitted to, these qualities In their representatives that have resulted In the present prejudice against them must be relegated to the back ground. The corporations must come out Into the open and see and be seen. They must take the public Into their confidence and ask for what they want, and no more,! and be prepared to explain satisfactorily what advantage will accrue to the public U they are given their desires: ror they are permitted to exist not that they may make money solely, but that they may ef fectively serve those from whom they de rive their power, "Publicity, and not secrecy, will win here after, and law be construed by their Intent and not by their letter, otherwise public utilities will be owned and operated by the public which created them, even though the servlcfe be less efficient and the result lee satisfactory from a financial stand point" The Department or Agriculture has grown into an educational Institution with a fac ulty ot 2000 specialists making research Into all the science of production. The Congress appropriates, directly and Indirectly, 1 0,000. -000 annually to carry Agriculture. on, this work. It reachea every state and territory tn the Union and the Islands of the sea lately come under our flag. Co operation la had with the state experiment stations, and with many other Institutions and Individuals. The world Is carefully searched for new varieties of grains, fruits, greases, vegetable, tree and shrubs, suit able to various localities In our country; and marked benefit to our producers ba re sulted. The activities of our age In lines or re search have reached the tillers or the soil and Inspired them with ambition to know more or tha principle that govern the force of Nature with which they have to deal. Nearly hair or the people or thla country devote their energies to growing thing from the soil. Until a recent date little ha been done to prepare these millions for their Ufa work. In most lines or human activity college-trained men are the leaders. The farmer had no opportunity for special train ing until the Congess made provision for It 40 years ago. During these years progress has been made and teacher have been pre pared. Over 5000 students are in attendance at our State Agricultural colleges. The Fed eral Government expends $10,000,000 annu ally toward this education and for research In Washington and In the several states and territories. The Department of Agriculture has given facilities for post-graduate work to 500 young men during th last seven years, preparing them for advanced lines of work In th department and In the atate Institutions. Th facta concerning meteorology and It relation to plant and animal life are be ing systematically inquired Into. Tempera ture and moisture are controlling factors In all agricultural operations. The season of the cyclone or the Caribbean Sea and their path are being forecasted with Increasing accuracy. Th cold winds that come from the north are anticipated and their time and Intensity told to farmers, gardeners and fruiterer In all aoutnern localities. We aell $230,000,000 worth of animate and animal product to foreign countrlea every year. In addition to supplying our own peo ple more cheaply and abundantly than any other nation Is able to provide for Its peo ple. Successful manufacturing depends pri marily on cheap food, which accounts to a considerable extent for our growth In this direction. The Department of Agriculture, by careful Inspection of meats, guards the health of our people and gives clean bills or health to deserving exports; It Is prepared to deal promptly wltn imported disease or animals, and maintain the excellence ot our flock and herd In this respect There should be an annual census of th livestock of the Nation, We sell abroad about $000,000,000 worth or plants and their products every year. Stren uous efforts are being made to import from foreign countries such gains aa ara suitable to our varying localities. Seven years ago wa bought three-fourths of our rice by help ing the rlcegrower on the Gulf coast to se cure seeds from tho Orient suited to their conditions, and by giving them adequate protection, they now supply home demand and export to the islands of the Caribbean Sea and to other rlee-growlng countrlea Wheat and other grain have been Import ed from light-rainfall countries to our land In the West and Southwest that have not grown cropa because of light precipitation, resulting in an extensive addition to our cropping area and our home-making terri tory that can not be lrlgated. Ten million bushels of first-class macaroni wheat were grown from these experimental importations last year. Fruit suitable to our soils and climates are being Imported from all the countries or the Old World tha fig from Turkey, the almond from Spain, the date from Algeria, th mango from India. We are helping our fruitgrowers to get their crop Into European markets by studying methods of preservation through refrigera tion, packing and handling, which have been quite successful. We are helping our hop grower by important varieties that ripen earlier and later than the kinds they have been raising, thereby lengthening the har vesting season. The cotton crop of tha country Is threatened with root rot, the boll worm, and the boll weevil Our pathologist wilt find Immuna varieties that will resist tha root disease, and tha boll worm can ba dealt with, but the boll weevil la a serious menace to the cotton crop. It Is a Central American Insect that has become acclimated In Texas and has done great damage. A scientist of th Department of Agriculture has found the weevil at home In Guatemala being kept In check by an ant, which ha been brought to our cotton fields for ob servation, It Is hoped that it may serve a good purpose. The soils of the country are getting atten tion from tha farmer standpoint, and in teresting result ara following. Y have duplicate ot the aolls that grow tha wrap per tobacco tn Sumatra, and the filler to bacco In Cuba. It will be only a question of time when tha larc amount lald to these countries will be paid to our own people. Th reclamation or aittau iana is proir-nmni tn alva AblMt.ltMnni tn nur tteoute in meth ods by which worthless land may ba made productive. Tha Insect friend and enmle of th farm er ara getting attention. Tha enemy of the Fan Jo seal was round near tna itreai Wall of China, and Is now cleaning up all our orcharda. The fig-fertllltlng Insect Im ported from Turkey ha helped to establish an Industry In California that amounts U from 60 to 100 tons ot dried fig annually, and la extending over the Pacific CVt A parasitic fly from South Africa Is keeping l-t subjection the black scale, tha worst pest of th orange and lemon Industry In Call fnrnla. Careful preliminary work Is being done towards producing our own ana. xne mul berry Is being distributed In large numbers, egg ara being Imported and distributed. Im proved reel were Imported from Kurope last year, and two expert reelera were brought to Washington to reet th crop ot cocoons and teach th art to our own peo ple. The cro-reportlnr srstem ot th Depart ment of Agriculture Is being brought closer to accuracy every year. It ha SMUnw re porter selected from people In eight voca tion tn life. It has arrangement with most Ruronean countrlea for Interchange ot estimates so that our people may know as nearly as possioi wiin wnai tney mu. compete During the 2H reara that have elapsed since the passage ot the reclamation act rapid progrea has been made In th sur vey and examination of th opportunities for reclamation In the 13 state and three terrttorlea or the arid West Construction has already been be Irrtgatlon. gun on th largest and most Important ot th irrigation works, and plans are peing com pleted tor works which will utilise th fund now available. The operation are being carried on by the Reclamation Sen Ice. a corps of engineer selected through competi tive rtvll-eentce examinations, Thla corps Includes experienced consulting and con structing engineers as well as various ex perts In mechanical and legal matters, and Is composed largely of men who have spent most ot their lives In practical affair con lected with Irrigation. The larger problems hae been solved, and It now remain to execute with care, economy, and thorough ness the work which has been laid out All Important details are being carefully con sidered by boards of consulting engineer, selected for their thorough knowledge and practical experience. Each project ts taken up on the ground by competent men and tewed from the standpoint ot th creation of prosperous homes, and or promptly refund ing to the Treasury the roet of construction. The reclamation act haa been found to be remarkably complete and effective, and so broad In it provisions that a wide rang of undertakings haa been possible under It At tho same time, economy Is guaranteed by tha fact that funds must ultimately b re turned to be used over again. It Is the cardinal principle of the forest reserve policy ot this Administration that the reserve are for Forests. use. Whatever Inter feres with the use or their resource I to be avoided by every possible mean. But these resource must be used in such a way a to make them permanent The forest policy ot the Government Is Just now a subject of vivid public Interest throughout the West and to the people of the United States In general. The forest re serves themselves are of extreme value to the present as well as to the future welfare of all the Western public-land states. They powerfully affect the use and disposal ot the public lands. They are of special Im portance because they preserve the water supply and the supply or timber for domestic purpose and so promote settlement undet the reclamation art Indeed, they are es sentia) to the welfare of every one of the great Interest of the West Forest reserves are created for two prin cipal purpowc. Th first Is to preserve the water supply This is their most Important use. The principal users or tha water thus preserved are Irrigation rancher and set tier, cities and town to whom their mu nicipal water supplies are of the very first Importance, user and furnlshera ot water power, and the user of water for domestic, manufacturing, mining, and other purpose. , All theso are directly dependent upon the I forest reserve. Th second reason for which forest re serves ara created ta to preserve the tlmtxr supply for various classes of wood user. Among the more Important of these are set tlers under the reclamation act and other acta, ror whom a cheap and accessible sup ply of timber for domestic uses is absolutely necessary; miners and prospectors, who are In serious danger of losing their timber sup ply by fire or through export by lumber com panies wnen timber lands adjacent to tneir mine pass Into private ownership; lumber men, transportation companies, builders, and commercial Interests in general. Although the wisdom of creating forest re serves Is nearly everywhere heartily recog nized, yet In a few localities there have been misunderstanding and complaint The fol lowing statement Is therefore desirable: Tha fore-t-reserve policy can be successful only when It has th full support of the peo ple of the West It cannot safely and should not in any case, om imposed upon tnem against their wllL But neither can we ac cept the views of those whose only Interest I In the forest Is temporary; who are anxious! to reap what they have not sown and then move away, leaving desolation behind them. : On the contrary, It la everywhere and always I the Interest of the permanent settler and ! the permanent business man. the man with a i stake in tne country, wnicn must b con sidered, and which must decide. The making ot forest reserve within rail road and wagon-road land-grant limit will hereafter, as for the past three years, be ao managed as to prevent th Issue, under the act ot June 4, 1S07, of base for exchange or lieu selection (usually called scrip). In all case where forest reserves within areaa covered by land grants appear to be essen tial to the prosperity of settlers, miners, or others, the Government lands within such proposed forest reserves will, as In the recent past. Pa wunarawn irom saie or entry pend ing the completion or such negotiations with the owners or the land grants a will prevent the creation or so-called acrlp. It 'was formerly the custom to make forest reserves without first getting definite and detailed Information as to the character of land and timber within their boundaries This method of action orten resulted In badly chosen boundaries and consequent Injustice to settlers and others. Therefore this Ad ministration adopted the present method of first withdrawing the land from disposal, followed by careful examination on the ground and the preparation of detailed maps, and descriptions, before any forest reserve I created, X have repeatedly called attention to the confusion which exists In Government forest matters because the work is scattered among 1 three Independent organizations. The United! States Is tha only one of the great nations' In which the forest work of the Government I not concentrated under one department 1 tn consonance with the plainest dictates of good administration and common sense. The present arrangement is bad from every point of view. Merely to mention It is to prove that It should be terminated at once. Aa I have repeatedly recommended, all the forest work of the Government should be concen-1 t rated In the Department of Agriculture, where the larger part of that work Is already done, where practically all or the trained forester of th Government are employed, where chiefly In Washington there la com prehensive first-hand knowledge of the prob lems of the reserve acquired on the ground, where all problems relating to growth from the soil are already gathered, and where all tha sciences auxiliary to forestry are at hand for prompt and effective co-operation. These reasons are decisive In themselves, but It should be added that the treat oreanlzatlons of citizen whose Interests are affected by the rorest reserves, such a the National Live stock Association, the National Woolgrowers' Association, the American Mining Congress, the National Irrigation Cong res, and the National Board of Trade, liave uniformly, emphatically, and moat of them repeatedly, expressed themselves In favor of placing all Government forest work In the Depart ment of Agriculture because of the peculiar adaptation ot that Department for It It is true, also, that the forest services of nearly all the great nations of tha world are under the respective department of agricul ture, while In but two of th smaller na tion and In on colony are they under the department of tha Interior. This Is the result of long and varied experience and It agrees fully with the requirements of rood administration in our own case. The creation of a forest service in the De partment of Agriculture will have for Its Important results First A better handling of all forest work, because It will be under a single head, and because the vast and Indispensable experi ence of the Department In all matters per taining to th forest reserves, to forestry fn general, and to other forms of production from the soil, will be easily, and rapidly ac cessible, Second The reserve themselves, being handled from the point of view of the man In the field, Instead of the man In the office, will be more easily and more widely useful to the people of the West than has been the case hitherto. Third Within a comparatively short time the reserves will become self-supporting. This la important, because continually and rapid ly increasing appropriations win te neces sary for the proper care of this exceedingly important Interest of the Nation, and they can and should be offset by returns from the National forests, unaer similar circum stances the forest possessions of other great nations form an Important source of revenue to their government. Cvery administrative officer concerned 1 convinced of tho necessity for th proposed consolidation of forejt work th Depart ment of Agriculture, and 1 myself have urged It more than one In former messages. Again I commend It to the early and faoraM con sideration of tha Congress. Th interest of the Nation at large and of the West In pnr llcular have uttered, greatly because ot the delay. 1 call Ih attention of the CongiTM again to th report and recommendation of th torn mlfwlon on the rublto FuMlo iAnd. Lands, forwarded iy m to th second ses sion of the present congress, Th tmmllon ba prosecuted It Investigation actively dur Ing th past season, and second report U how in an advanced iag oi jwrn "v"- Th. t,v. . th In.Min toward rlvlll tlon. though not raplJ, l perhaps all that AAiil.1 t. K...l t.vr In vUw at th ClKUM- stances. Within the past )er many trlbw have shown, in a aegree greaier mn before, an appreciation Indiana, of the neceelty ot work. This changed at tltiid la In part due to the po'ley recently pumied ot reducing the amount of sulUt ence to th Indians, and thua forcing them, ittvitt ti.,.it m work for a liveli hood. The policy, though sever. Is a useful one. but It ts to be exercised only with judg. ment and with a full understanding of the condition which exist In each community fr which It ta Intended, On or near the Indian reservation there I usually very little de mand for labor, and It the Indian are to earn their living and when work cannot be rurntehed Itom cutnui (wnicn i aiway pri ratitl thn II mn. I ha furnlaheJ bv th tloV- ernment Practical instruction of this kind would In a few ears result in th forming ct habits of regular Industry, which would render the Indian a producer ana wouiu fmn a great reduction In the cost ot hta main tenance. In th rostorfira Department th service has Increased In efficiency, and condition a to revenue and expenditure continue sat isfactory. Th Increas ot revenue during th year was JlOJMM 10, or tU per rent, the total receipt amounting to ll4t,3tsV 034 31, The expenditure wer $133,303. 110,70, an Increase of about per cent over the previous year, being thus $MTtM3 3d in excess of the current revenue, inciuneu In these expenditures was a total appropri ation of $13.3tl.(i.1T.33 ror the continuation and extension or the rural freo-dellvery service, which wa an Increas of $l.tK3.- 33T.33 over the amount expended for this purpose In the roaiai service. preceding nscai year. Large as this expendi ture ha been th beneficent result attained In extending the freo distribution of mall to the residents ot rural district have Justified the ldom of the outlay. Statis tics brought down to October 1. U'Ot, show that on that date there were ST.ISH rural routes established, serving approximately 13,000,000 of :eopte In rural districts re mote from posiotnces, and that there were pending at that tlm 3S3U petitions tor th establishment of new rural routes. Unques tionably some part ot the general Increase in receipts Is due to the Increased postal fa cilities which the rural service has afforded The revenues have also been aided greatly by amendments in the classification ot mall matter, and the curtailment of abuse ot the second-class mailing privilege. The aver age Increase In the volume of malt matter for the period beginning with 1903 and end ing June, 1903 (that portion for 1003 being estimated), ts 40. il per cent, a compared with 33.40 per cent for the period Immedi ately preceding, and 13.92 for th four-year period Immediately preceding that I call your attention to the great ex travagance In printing and binding Gov ernment publication, and especially to the fact that altogether too many or these pub lications are printed. There Is a constant tendency to Increas their number and vol ume. It Is an understatement to say that no appreciable harm Y-.i..n would be caused by, Extravagance ml gub,UnluI bene la Printing. nt woua accrue from. 'decreasing the amount of printing now done by at least one-half Probably th great majority ot the Gov ernment reports and the like now printed are neter read at all, and furthermore the print Ing of much of the material contained In many of the remaining one rve no useful purpose whatever The attention of the Cngresa should be specially given to th currency question. and that the standing Currency, committee on the matter In th two houses charged with the duty, take up the matter ot our currency and see whether It Is not possible to secure an agreement In the business world for bettering the system: the committees should consider the question of the retirement or the greenbacks and the problem or securing In our currency such elasticity as Is consistent with safety. Kvery silver dollar should be made by law redeem able In gold at the option or the holder. X especially commend to your Immediate attention th encour- Merchant Marine, agement or our mer chant marine by ap propriate legislation. The growing Importance or the Orient as a field ror American exports drew from my predecessor. President McKlnley, an urgent request for Its special Oriental Markets, consideration by the Congress, In his mes sage of 1S98 he stated: "In thla relation, as ahowlng the peculiar volume and value ot our trad with China and the peculiarly favorable condition which exist for their expansion In the normal course of trade, I refer to the communication addressed to the Speaker of the House ot Ilepresentatlvea by th Secre tary of th Treasury on the 14th of last June, with Its accompanying letter ot the Secretary of State, recommending an appro priation for a commission to study the In dustrial and commercial condition In the Chines Bmplte and to report a to the op portunities for and the obstacles to the en largement of markets in China for the raw producta and manufacture of th United Statea. Action wa not taken thereon dur ing the last seeelon, I cordially urge that the recommendation receive at your hand the consideration which It Importance and timeline merit." In his annual meaeage of 1A90 he again called attention to this recommendation, quoting It, and stated further: "I now renew this recommendation, as the Importance of the subject has steadily grown since It was firbt submitted to you, and no time should be lost In studying for ourselves the resources or this great field for American trade and enterprise." The Importance ot securing proper In formation and data with a view to the enlargement of our trade with Asia Is undi minished. Our Consular representative In China have strongly urged a place ror per manent display ot American products In some prominent trade center of that em pire, under Government control and man agement, as an effective means ot advanc ing our export trade therein. I call the at tention of the Congress to the desirability ot carrying out these suggestions. Alaska, Ilk all our territorial acquisitions, haa proved resourceful beyond the expecta tions of those who made the purchase. It haa become t,he horn of many hardy, in dustrious, and thrifty Alaska. American o 1 1 1 1 a ni, Towns of a permanent character have been built The extent of Its wealth In minerals, timber, fisheries, and agriculture, while great, is probably not comprehended yet In any Just measure by our people. We do know, however, that from a very small beginning ita proauci nave grown until they are a ateady and material contribution to the wealth ot the Nation. Owing to the Immensity of Alaska and its location In the far north. It Is a difficult matter to provide many thing essential to It growth and to the happiness and com fort of Its peopl by private enterprise alone, It should, therefore, receive reasonable aid from the Government The Government haa already done excellent work for Alaska In laying cables and building telegraph lines. This work has been done in tne most eco nomical and efficient way by the Signal Corps of the Army. In some respects It has outgrown It pres ent law, while In others those law have been found to be Inadequate. In order to obtain Information upon which. I could rely I caused an official of the Department of Justice, in whose Judgment 1 have con fidence, to visit Alaska during the past Sum mer for the purpose of ascertaining how government Is administered there and what legislation Is actually needed at present. A statement of the conditions found to exist, together with some recommendations and the reasons tnereror, in wnicn i sirongiy con cur, will be found In the annual report of the Attorney-General, In some Instances X feel that the legislation suggested Is ao Imperatively needed that I am moved briefly to empnasize tne Atiorney-uenerai pro posals. Under the code of Alaska a It now stands many Durelv administrative powers and dutlea, Including by far the moat Im portant, devolve upon tne uuirici juage or upon the Clerks of the District Court acting under the direction of the Judge, while the Governor, upon whom these powers and du ties should logically fall, ha nothing -.pacific to do except to make annual report, Issue Thankglvlng day proclamations, and appoint Indian policemen and notaries pub lic. I believe It essential to good govern ment In Alaska, and therefore recommend, that the Congress divest the District Judges and clerks of their courts of the adminis trative or executive functions that they now exercise and cast them upon the Governor, This would not be an Innovation! It would simply conform the government of Alaska to fundamental principle, making the Gov ernorship a real Instead or a merely nominal omce, and leavjnf, the uage ire to give their entire attention to their Judicial duties and at th same time removing them from a great deal of the strife that now em barrasses the Judicial oltlce In Alaska. I also recommend that the satailes of the District Judges and District Attorney in Alaska be Increased so a to make them equal to those received by corresponding of ficers In the United State after deducting the difference In th cost of living that th Tnefrtrt MUx.ry should be prohibited from engaging In prlvatn pi-actbo, that t'nlted (Mate Cttmmllonri be Appointed by tha Governor ut th tetrltoty ltt tend of by Ih DUtrlot Judge, ami thnt a nied sntary t provided for them to takt tho place of tha dlrtcrdlted "fee Mtm." which should ba abolished in all t til fee. that a mounted con stabulary be created to polk the teriltory outside th limit of Incnrpornted town -n vast section now wholly without police pro tection; and that om provision be matt to at least leen th orprelv del) And cost that now attend th prosecution of ap peal from th Dimi'-t Court of Alaska. There should be a division of Ih ltlng Judicial districts, and an increase tn th number of Judge. Alaska should have a Delegate tn the tVn greoa Where possible, th t'ongre should aid In thei ronstrucibm of needed wnrm road. Additional lighthouse ahmild be pro vided. In my Judgment, It Is especially Im portant to aid In such manner a seem Jusl and feasible In th construction or a trunk line of railway to connect tha Gulf of Alnvka with the Yukon Itlvor through American ter ritory, This would b most beneficial to the development of the reeource of the territory, and to th oomfitrt and welfare ot It peopl Salmon hatcherle should be established In many different stream, so a to secure the preservation of this valuable food fish. Sal mon fisheries and canneries should be pro hibited on certain of th river whr the mass of thos Indian dwell who llv almost exclusively on fish Th Alaskan natives are kindly, Intelli gent anxious to learn, and willing to work. Those who have come under the influence ot civilisation, even for a limited period, have proved their capability of becoming setf-supporttng. self respecting rltlsrn. and ask only for the Jut enforcement of law and Intelligent Instruction and supervlelou Other living In more remote regions, prim itive, simple hunter and fisher folk, who khov only th lire of the woods and the waters, are dall being confronted with Sot It century civilisation, with all of Its complexi ties. Their country I being overrun by strangers, the game slaughtered and driven away, the streams deplete! of fish, and hitherto unknown and fatal disease brought to them, all of which combine to produce a slat of abject poverty and want which must result In their extinction, Action In their Interest Is demanded by every consideration ot Justice and humanity. The needs of these people are! The abolition of the present fee system, whereby the native t degraded. Imposed upon, and taught the Injustice of law The establishment of hospitals at central point, ao that contagious disease that r brought to them cunilnually by Incoming white may be locatlsed and not allowed to become epidemic, to spread death and desti tution over great areaa The development of the educational system In th rorm of practical training In uch Industrie a will nur th Indian self support under th changed condition tn which the will have to live The dutle or the office of the Governor should be extend d to In lud the supervi sion of Indian affairs, with neceaary alel ant In different district. He should be provided with the mean and th power to protect and advise thejiatlv people, to fur nish medical treatment In lime of epidem ic, and to extend material lellef in perids of famine and extreme destitution. The Alaskan natives should b given the right to acquire, hold, and dispose of prop erty upon th same conditions as given other Inhabitants; and the privilege of citlsenshlp should be given to Hawttll .ml Porto ,Uh " ,,,aV "b' Hawaii ami I orto Q mm ru,n w nit requirements. In Hawaii, Congress should give the Governor power to remove all the official appointed under hint. The harbor or Honolulu should be dredged. The Marine lloeplial Service should be empow ered to study leproey in Ih Ittland. 1 ask special consideration for the report ami rec ommendation or the Governor of Porto Itlco. In treating of nur foielgn policy and of the attitude that thl great Nation should as sun In th world at large. It I absolutely nrt -.! y to connldr the Army and the Na), and th CuutireoN. through which thr( thought of the Nail-'ii Foreign Policy. find Urn exprr-mlolt. should keep ever vlv-i ldl In mind the fundamental fait that It U Impossible to treat otir forrlgti pulley, wheth- I er thl policy takej hape In the effort to secure Justice for other or Justlre ror our selves, mvs a conditioned upon th attitude we are willing to take toward our Army, and especially toward our Navy It I not merely unwise. It is contemptible, for a Nation, as for an Individual, to us high-sounding lan guage to proclaim It purpose, or to take position which are ridiculous If unsupported by potential force, and then to refuse to provide thl force. It there Is no Intention of providing and of keeping th force nec essary to back up a strong attitude, then It Is far better not to assume such an attitude. The steady aim ot this Nation, as of all enlightened nations, should be to strive to bring ever nearer the day when there shall prevail throughout the world the peace of Justice. There are kinds of peace which are highly undesirable, which are In the long run as destructive as any war Tyrants and oppressors have many time made a wilder nee and called It eace. Many time peo ple who were slothful or timid or ahort vlghted. who had been enervated by ease or by luxury, or misled hy false teaching, have shrunk In unmanly fashion from doing duty that wa stern and that needed self -earrtfire, and have sought to hide from their own minds their shortcomings, their Ignoble mo tive, by calling them love uf peace. Th peace of tyrannous terror, th ieare of era ten weak nee, the peace of Injustice, all these should be shunned as we shun unrlght eoua war. We are In every way endeavoring to help on, with cordial good will, every tiiote-nent which wH tend to Arbitration Treaties, bring us into more friendly relations with the rest of mankind, in pursuance of thl policy I shall shortly lay before th Ken ate treaties of arbitration with all power which are willing to enter Into these treat lee with ua. It 1 not poaslbl at thl period of th world's development to agre to ar bitrate all matters, but there are many matters of possible difference between us and other nation which can be thus arbi trated. Furthermore, at the requeet of the Interparliamentary Union, an eminent body mtnn,.u.l nt i.p'HIp-I becond 1 fugue Conference, statesmen from all countrlea, I have asked the powers to Join with this Govern ment In a second Hague conference, at which It Is hoped that the work already o happily begun at The Hague may be carried some step further toward completion. Thl car ries out the desire expressed by tha first Hague Conference Itself. It la not true that the United Btatra feels any land hunger or entertains any projects a regards the other nations of the Western Hemisphere save such a are for their wel fare. All that thl 1'ollcy Toward Other country desire Is to Vatlona of We.teru B'e th neighboring Nation or nrsteru countrl iUble, or. Hemisphere, dcrly, and prosperous. Any country whose people conduct themselves well can count upon our hearty friendship. If a nation shows that It knows how to act with rea sonable efficiency and decency In social and political matters, if It keep order and pay It obligations. It need fear no Interference from the United fJtatea, Chronic wrongdo ing, or an Impotence which result In a gen eral loosening of the tie of rlvlllzed so ciety, may In America, as elsewhere, ulti mately require Intervention by some civil ized nation, and In the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United Htate to the Monroe Doctrine may for re the United Htates, however reluctantly, In flagrant case of auch wrongdoing or Impotence, to the exerclao of an International police power. If every country washed by the Caribbean Ben would show the progress In stable and Just civilization which with the aid of the Piatt amendment Cuba has shown since our troop left the Island, and which so many of the republics In toth Americas are con stantly and brilliantly showlnir, all que tlon of interference by this Nation with their affair would be at an end. Our In terest and those of our Houthern neighbors are In reality Identical, They have great natural riches, and If within their borders the reign of law and Justice obtains, pros perity is sure to come to them, While they thus obe.y the primary laws or civilized soci ety they may rest assured that they will be treated by u In a spirit of cordial and helpful sympathy. We would Interfere with them. only In tha last resort, and then only If It became evident that their Inability or unwillingness to do Justice ut home and abroad had violated the rlghta of the United Htates or had invited foreign aggression to the detriment of the entire body of Ameri can nations. It I a mere truism to say that every nation, whether In America or anywhere else, which desires to maintain It freedom, it Independence, must ulti mately realize that the right of auch Inde pendence cannot bo separated from tho re sponsibility of making good use of It. In asserting the Monroe Doctrine, In tak ing such steps us we have taken In regard to Cuba, Venezuela, and 1'anamn, and in endeavoring to circumscribe the theater of war In the Far Uust, and to secure thi opon door In China, we have acted In our own Interest a well a In the Interest of humanity at large. There are, however, cases In which, while our own Interest are not greatly Involved, strong appeal Is made to our sympathies, Ordlnurlly It In very much wiser and more useful for us to con ccrn ourselves with striving for our own moral and material betterment here at homo than to concern ourselves with trying to bet ter the condition of things In otlmr nations. We have plenty or sin or our own to war against, and under ordinary circumstance we can do more for the general uplifting of humanity by striving with heart and soul to put a atop to civic corruption, to brutal lawlessness and violent race prejudice here at home than by passing resolutions about wrongdoing elsewhere, Nevertheless tur are occasion! rrto - minntd on so vs a pent and ot u ii p uiiti Honor na to make tie doubt w heiliet li l nt ur mani fest duty to endeavor at lt it to show our ill'Hptlroval of th deed and mir svnipitthy wllh lltnoe who hnv sultwred by It Th en must 'be Mtrente In which such a com- Is JuMitfiAble, There must be MO ft ton mail to remove th tool trout our brother's ) If we itfuse to remove the beam Trout our own Hut In extieitin cases notion tony be Justifiable And proper. What form th action shall take must itrpend upon th rlrvunisuticea of the cusei Hint la. upon the degiee ot the nlim-lty and upon our power tn reined II. Th strung arm of Ih Government tn en rolling respect for It Just right lit Inter national iiiriUi U the Nnvy or Ih United N lutes, I ntiMt urnlly recommend that there l no halt In the Tha Navy. work of upbuilding the I no more patttotle diav before u aa a lopl than to keep lit Nnvy adeuuni l the need of thl countr)' ' iu moil ii Ve have timleilaken to build the Isthmian Canal Wa undertaken to secure for ourselve our Just share In th trad or th Oilent W iv utoleitaheii to protct our rltlaen from Improper treatment lit rot el u land W ontliiu steitdlly lo Insist en th application of th M tut roe ttoctiln to th Western Item! sohere llnleea our altllud In thra and all similar matter Is to l a liter bonatful ham w can not afford to aban don our naval programm. Our voir Is now jHjteitt (or peace, and I potent because w are not afruld ut war, Hut our proteaindoit upon behalf of peace would neither r-v nor deserve the llxhtet attention It w were Impotent to make them good Within the Inbt three year th t'ntted Htstaa ha set an example In disarmament where dtrmtiient wa piopery Hy law our Army la fixed at a maximum of iDu.Ouu and a mlnl The Army mum of iui.ihh) men When there wa In stil rectlnn In th 1'hlllppltie w kept tha Army at th maximum Peace rame In th Philippine, and now our Army has been reduced to th minimum at which It 1 poa slbl to keep H wlih due regard to It effi ciency. Th guns now mounted require 2V tMM men. If the const fortification are to b adequately manned. Illllvly to the Na tion, It I not now so Inig a the police force of New York or t'hlCMgo relatively to th population of ellher city V need more officers, thvre are not enugh to peform the reiular Army work It Is very Important that the officers or the Army should b ac customed tti handle their men In masses, a It Is also Important that the Nation) Guard or the seveial slate should he ac customed lo actual field maneuvering, es pecially In connection with the rrgular for thl reason we er lo be tHittgratulated upon the ucce of Ih field maneuver at Ml aa last IN It. maneuver In which a larg er number of regutttr and National Guard took part than wa ever before asermbleil together In time of petti e. No other U ti tled Nation ba. relatively to It population, uch a diminutive Army a our, and while the Army U so mat) we are nut to be ex cused If we fall to keep It at A Very hliill grade of profit lepcy It itiuet te tin -itll practiced, the standard foi ti enllstrd men should be kept vr hlah. while at ih titi time the service hould be made a attrac tive a pOMlhte, and the vtaudard for th officers should be kepi even higher which, a regard th upper tanks, rati best be done by Introducing ome system or selerilon nd rejection Into the promotion. We should be able. In th avent of mini sudden emerg ency, to pill Into the field one first rls Army rori. which should be, n a whole, at least the equal of any body of troop of Ilk number belonging to any other nation. In the I'hlllppln Islands there h been during the pest J ear a continuation of the steady prog re which ha obtained ever since our troop definitely got the upr hand of th Insurgent. The I'hlllppln peo ple, or, to speak more The Philippines, accurately, th many tribe, ami even race, sundered from one another mure or lee sharply, who go to make up th people of th 1'nlltpplne Island, contain many ele. tient of Kd. and onte element whl'h we have a right to hop stand for progtrse At present they are utterl) ln arable of exist ing In Indepetidrtite at all or of hulhllttg up a itvl.lkoibn of their own I nrm l b--llv.c Hint we tan hHp ihetit to rise higher and higher In the aip of tivlllBalon and of rapailty for slf government, and 1 most earnestly hop that In the end thsy will be able to stand. If not entirely alone, yet in some such relation tn the United Htate as Cuba now atunda. This end I not yet In sight, and It may be indefinitely postponed if our people are foolish enough to turn the attention of th Klllplnoe away from th problem of achieving moral ami material prosperity, of working for a stable, orderly, and Just government, and toward foolish and dsngerou Intrigue for a complete Inde pendence for which they are a yet totally unfit Un th other hand, our peopl must keep teaillly before their mind the fact that th Justification for our stay In th I'hlllppln must ultimately rest chiefly upon the good we are able to d In th Islands I do not overlook the fart that In the development of our Interest In the Pacific Ocean nd aon it coasts, th Philippine have played and will play an Important part, and that our Interests hat been served In mure than on wy by the possession of th Islands Hut our chief reason for continuing to hold them must be that we ought In good faith lo try to do our share of the world' work, and thl particular piece of work has been Imposed upon us by the result of th war with Hpatn. Th problem presented to us In the Philip pine Island I akin to, but not exactly Ilk, the problems presented to the other great civilised power which have possession in the Orient There r oliii of resemblance In our work to th work which I being dun by the Hrltlsh In India and Kgypl, by th Krenrh In Algiers, by the Dutch In Java, by ihe liussians In Turkestan, by the Japanese In Formosa, but more distinctly than any of the powers w are eruleatorlng to develop the native themselves so that they ahall take an ever-Increasing share In their own government, ami a far aa Is prudent w are already admitting their representative to a governmental equality with our own There are Commissioner. Judge, and Gov ernor In th Island who are Filipino and who have exactly the seme hr In Ih government of th Islands a have their col league who are American, while in the lower ranks, of course, th great majority of the public servant ar Filipino Within two year w shall be trying the experiment of an elective lower house In the Philippine Legislature. It rny be that the Filipino will misuse thl Legislature, and they cer tainly will misuse It If they ar misled by foolish iter son here at horn Into starting an agitation ror their own Independence or into any factious or Improper action. In such case they will do themselve no good and will stop for th time being all further ef fort to advance them and glv them a greater share In their own government Hut If they act with wisdom and f-ratrelnt, If they show that they are capable of electing a Legislature which In It turn Is capable of taking a sane and efficient part In the actual work of government, they can reet assured that a full and Increasing measure or recognition will be given them. Above all they should remember that their prime need are moral and Industrial, not political. It I a good thing to try th experiment of giv ing them a Legislature; but It Is a far bet ter thing to give them schools, good roads, railroad which will enable them to get their products to market, honest courts, an honest and efficient constabulary, and all that tends to produce order, peace, fair dealing aa be tween man and man, and habits of Intelli gent Industry and thrift. If they are safe guarded against oppression, and If their real wunt, material ami spiritual, are studied In telligently and in a spirit nf friendly sym pathy, much more good will be done them than by an effort to give them political power, though thl effort rqay In It own proper ttm and place be proper enough. Meanwhile our own people should remem ber that there la need for the highest stand ard of conduct among the Americans sent to tha 1'hltlpplne Islands, not only among the public servants but among the private in dividual who go to them It 1 because I feel this so deeply that In the administra tion of these Island I have positively re fused to permit any dlscrlmlnaton whatso ever for political reason, and have Insisted that In choosing the public servants consid eration should be paid solely lo the worth of the men chosen and to the needs ot th Islands, There la no higher body of men In our public service than we have In the Philippine Island under Governor Wright and hi associate. Ho far a poaslbl these men should be given a rree hand, and their suggestion should receive the hearty back ing both of the Kxecutlve and of lha Con gress. There Is need of a vigilant and dis interested support of our public aervants In the Philippine by good citizen her In the United Htate. Unfortunately hitherto those of our peo ple here at home who have perlally claimed to be the champion of tha Filipino hav in reality been their worst enemies. Thl will continue to be the ruae a long as they strive to make the Filipinos Independent, and atop all Industrial development' of the Islands by crying out ugolnst the luw which would bring it on the ground that capital ist must not "exploit" the Island. Huch pro ceedings are not only unwise, but ure most harmful to the Filipinos, who do not need Independence at all, but who do need good lawa, good public servants, nnd the Indus trial development that can only come If the Investment of American and foreign capital In tha lalunds I favored In all legltlmuta way. Kvery measure taken concerning the Islands should be taken primarily with a view to their advantage. Wo should certainly give them lower tariff ratea on their exports to tha United Btutesi If this Is not done It will be a wrong to extend our shipping law to them. I earnestly hope for the immediate enactment Into law of the legislation now pending to encourage American capital to seek investment In tha Island- In railroads, In factoiles, In plantations, and In lumber ing and mining, Tiiuooonra iioosGVicoyr. DOINGS IN CONOIIUSS. Montlny, December ,1, Tlio ulidrt iM'.iilnii nl tlioftHlliciinnii'nii mnt nt 111 o'ulot'k. No IiiiiIiuihi utn triinitiiolcil III cltliiT 1 1 on o ii.xc(iitliiK ti tifliinl rmttliiH work u( opi'iilim iliiy llotli Iiiumm mtiiplril rmoliitluiin ol r. pi'ol tn llui liitu Hi'iiuliiiH Hour, nl Mint imrtiiiM'ltfl, nml tinny, of lVniiylviinlu, mill tlit'lr mljimiimimil wni fmtl.or iimtk ot riwcl. TiicmiIdv, December 0. Pri'dili'iit'd liii'Mutgn nml. A iiiiiiiIhii ol rmohitlimn linvn Iwvii liitroilui'iil In tin1 limine IooDIiik to n ('liiuipii In I lui tnrirt luwi. Tln prt'nlili'iil nnt n Inriin imiiilmr of Ktinlntintmtit nml mini link t Ion n for pro motion In tlm nriny nml navy tn tlm rnniHln. A Mil Iiim lu'on Introduced In tlio ,o until pinvlilliiK hiiIoii of lion month foi tint wldown of Union nol illiui, rallorn nml miulmm. Wednesday, December 7. Tlm It'iiinlntlvn, t'lcruttvo nml Jndl rlnl npproprliillon bill, rnirylnit !!H,. H:iH,"(HI, wiin reported to lliu 1ioii to ilny Till, la Htll, IHS lonn tlinn tlm en tlmnto mid '-':ir,HHl moro t tut n tlio cnrimit nppropiliitlon. l'lnlt, of Now York, ciiummI n tlr In tlic ci'iiiitii liv IntrivdiMiclnn it bill pro viding, (or ii inliutlon of the eonurrr tdniiAl repii'nt'iitntlon of tint iioiithrrii ttnti'n, on tint Kroiitid t lint ninny of tho elllii'iiH of thviH'n ntnti'D xrtt deprived of tint rlLtht to votu. Hountor Unlit Introdnrttd n hill lo r ipilnt tho employment of vetneln of tho United Hhiten in tint trniiiiirtiillon hy pen of nil nuppllen of every dt'H'riptlon for imo of tho l'niimnii rnmil eiimmlit nlon or tho contrnt'tom In tint coimUuc tlon ol the I'mninm ntnul. Senntor Mniim, of Alnhnmn, do-i-lnioi hit will oppoMt to bin turnout tint proponed ehmiKo in tint I'iiiihiiiii enmil from ii lock to n rrn level in mil. lie irnyti It In n m'hetmt of tint tmiia continetiUl iHllnnyr to dolity the con triiction of nn iathminn naturnny. Thursday, December 0. Th" 'fimto litild only n .liort neaalon mill mljotiiod until Monday. A . H'tempt to reciiiti coimldeintloii of the pmo food Inn hy Kenntor Hey. bum wm defented, Tillninn brought tlm rune of Wllllnm II. Cr it in , the coloieil mmi nominated for collector nt Chnrlerton, H. 0., Into piomliiemo by nnklnit for n report from tint e itnmltteit on jmlle nry to tho Mfttim of rcciiMt nppoliituieut. tlio houw lh civil neivlct com lul l" o wiin iiil.irki"! Imckiii ol n pro pmi.i .ii, ictiKW uf 2:1 emplnye lo con ktitottt tint mini ounmlnliiir iMwrd, Tin' pay of Klciincniphera to tin) Iioiiihi coiiiuiiiteeii hnit been reduced from to,- 000 to :i,0tl() pet milium. A proportion to iiicrenna tlm nalnry of tho mercury ot tint civil mtrvlco lullinilcnlcm una defeated. Friday, December t). Tha lioti.o patrol tho Irulilatlve, ei ri iitlve nnd Judicial apptoprlatlon bill nlmoat na It came from tho committed nnd adjourned until Monday Throughout tho nrnlon today the policy of retrencbiiieiil held full awny, ami nil nttempta to Increarv ealailea failed. The houwi pa.'etl n rerolutlnii to ad journ December "1 until J.iniiary -I for 1 lie iiaiinl Uhrlntuina holiilny. NO OrrCNDCB TO DC SPAKCD. Hitchcock Will Un to the llottom of Hie Land frauds. WaiihltiKton, Deo. 10. An olllrlnl atateiuent wna Riven nut hy the In terior depaitnient today unnoiinclni; tho KOvernment'R purpooo to proitecuto uverv Ktnlty man in the public Imui Irnuda to tint full extent of tlio law nml reKardlera of poaltion in lifo. Tho atntfineitt foi Iowa: "lliu conviction In 1'oitlniid, Oregon, ol live Hiraons lor laud frniula, which will lie followed next eek by tlio trlnl of nn vera I nthera Indicted for tint pnmo offence, la but nnolhur atep townnt tho coumimmntlon ol the policy cutvicd up on by lliu secretary uf tho Interior when It licai iiiu known nearly three yemv ago that frauds weio being perpetrated In connection with tho public laud, to run down ami proaecuto tho guilty oncn to the full extent of tho law without regard to their poaitlun in llfo." experts Examining liallots. Denvor, Dec, 0. Tho ballot box from precinct (I, waul &, wna opened todny by order of lliu niipremo court, In tho contempt proceedings ngalnat olll ciala of that precinct, nnd Ita contenta wore turned over to two handwriting experts, who were directed to oxnuilno tho bnllota mid report their findings to the court tomorrow. Tim court nil journed until tomorrow without Ita de cision on tho qucation of lejectlng tho entire votu of preclncta In which Ita In junctive order wna violated. Thin would chango tho result ot the election. Sensation In Panama Matters. Wnihlngton, Dec. 10. Itoprusentn tivo Hhnckleford, of Missouri, who lino a resolution In the houao calling for an Investigation nf tho l'miauia rnllroud company ociiitirod by the United States goiermnont, is determined to forio thiough an Investigation, If It can ho done. 1'rlonds any ho la collecting evi dence to show thnt n member of tho canal commission wna n member of tho railroad company It Is understood thnt eome sensational charges will bo made In demanding a reorganization of tho pres ent canal commlsslori. Good Roads Dill Is Reported. Washington, Dec. 10. h'enutor I.n ti mer, from tho committee on agiicultiiro and forestry, today reported favorably on the bill known as the l.ntlnior good roads bill. It carries nn appropriation of $24,000,000 to bo available In threo annual InBtiillnifntuof 8,000,000 each for road building In the states. Under the provisions of the bill atates nro to do tho work and guy ono-half of 'the cost, the national government paying the oilier half, Will Prevent Itunnliirj Ulocliadc. Ilorlin, Doo. 10. According to a dis patch from Toklo to the Loknl Anzulg er, tho placlng'of heavy cannon on 203 Motor hill will enable tlm Japanoso to fire on and sink Junks nnd other craft bringing supplies for I'ort Arthur from Oliefoo,