PRESIDENT'S
JESSAGE
Text of Paper Delivered to
58th Congress.
CAUTIONS AGAINST EXTRAVAGANCE
Irrigation, Forests, Public Lands, AlasKa
and Our Island Possessions Re
celve Due Consideration.
Thn fnllntr.ntr In thfl text of tllO TTIC9'
ago of 1'rocldent Uooeevelt to tho 5Slh
congress :
.. a... ItMiiu Af TtnrntatlT:
The Nation continues to enjoy noteworthy
prosperity. 8uch prosperity la, of course, prb
warily due to the blah .ndlrhJual rrf
n n..n.vu uvn A-t hp with our great
natural reurcee; but an Important fcJJ
therein Is the working or our ioni-wni"
aTorfrnmenUl policies. The people have em
phatically eipressed their approval of the prin
ciples underlying thee pottclee, and their
eslre that these principles be kept ub,ln:
tlally unchanged, although, ot course, applied
in a progresMve epini 10 mm vii -
Th enlargement of scone ot tha function
of tha National (lovernmcnt renutred by our
development aa a nation involves, 01
Inrrun np tnnii- mnA th rvfHod Of Pros
pertly throuith which tha country l passing
juatiOM expenaituree tor rermanrm,
ments far greater than
Caution Against
KxtmvairftJM-o.
would ba u m
hard tlrnf. Battle.
rtilpn an4 fort, public
buildings ana impro
waterways ara Investments which should ba
rnada whtn we hava the money, but abundant
revenues and a large aurplua alwea Invite
extravagance, and constant cane should be
taken to guard again unnecery Increase of
the ordinary expense of government. The cost
or doing Government business should b regu
lated with the same rigid acrutlny aa tha cost
of doing a private burtnes.
In tha vast and complicated mechanism of
our modern civilised life, tha dominant not
la tha note of Industrialism; ana me riaune
or capital ana uwr,
r'n.Umt n.1 IUp BTvl Mtneelall of r-
ranizM eanltal and or-
ranlied labor, to each other and to the public
at larae coma second In Importance only to
the Intimate questions of family life. Our
peculiar form of government, lth Its afcarp
division of authority between tha Nation and
tha several state, has been on the whole
far more advantageous to our development
than ka mora strongly centralised govern
ment Rut It la undoubtedly responsible for
much of the difficulty of meeting wttn aa
auate legislation the new problems presented
by the total change In Industrial conditions
on mis continent during ina last nan cru-
tury. in actual practice It haa proven ex
ceedlntlv difficult, and In many casea Im
possible, to tret unanimity of wise action
anions- tha various states on these subject a.
From the very nature of tho case, this r
especially true or tne laws anecung nw
mployment ot capital In huge mane.
With regard to labor, the problem la no
less Important, but It Is simpler. As lonr
aa the states retain tha primary control of
the police power, the circumstances must oe
altogether extreme which require Interfer
ence by the Federal authorities, whether in
the way of fguardlng the rights ot labor
or In tha way or seeing that wrong Is not
dona by unruly persona who shield thera
rolvea behind the name of labor. If there
Is reeletanee to tha Federal courts. Interfer
ence with the mails, or Interstate romnwrrt,
or moleatatton of Federal property, or if
the state authorities In some crisis which
they are unable to race call for help, then
tha Federal Government may Interfere: but
though such interference may ba caused
by a condition of things arising out of trou
ble connected with some question of labor,
the Interference Itself slrapl takes the form
or restoring order without rerard to the
questions which have caused tha breach of
orrder for to keep order la a primary duty
and In a time of disorder and violence all
other questions sink Into abeyance until
order has been restored.
In tha District of Columbia and In the
territories, tha Federal law covers the entire
field ot government: but the labor question
Is only acute In populous centers of com
mere, manufactures, or mining. Neverthe
less, both In the enactment and In the en
forcement of law the Federal Government
within Ite restricted sphere should set an
example to tha state governments, especially
tn a matter so vital as this affecting labor.
I believe that under modern industrial con
ditions It Is orten necessary, and even where
not necessary It Is yet orten wise, that there
ehould ba organization or labor In order
better to secure the rlghta or the Individual
w age- worker. All encouragement should be
riven to any such organisation, so long as
It la conducted with a due and decent regard
for the rights or others. There are In this
country soma labor unions which hava habit
ually, and other labor unions which have
often, been among the most effective agents
In working for good citlsenshlp and for up
lifting the condition of those whose welfare
should ba closest to our hearts. But when
any labor union seeks Improper ends, or seeks
to achieve proper ends by Improper means,
all good cltUens and more especially all hon
orable public aervants, must oppose tha
-wrongdoing aa resolutely as they would op
pose the wrongdoing of any great corpora
tion. . M A.
There la no. objection to employes of the
Government forming or belonging- to unions;
but the Government can neither discrim
inate for nor discriminate against nonunion
men who are In Its employment, or who
seek to ba employed under It. Moreover, it
Is a very grave Impropriety ror Government
employes to band themselves together for
tha purpose of extorting Improperly high sal
aries from the Government Especially Is
this true of those within the classified serv
ice. The letter-carriers, both municipal and
rural, are as a whole an excellent body of
public aervants. They should be amply paid.
Put their payment nut be obtained by ar
guing their claims
Union of falrIr mnd Jono-b-r
u u-i ' before tha Congress.
Government an(j nol by banding
Employes. together for the de
feat of those Con
gressmen who refuse to give promises which
they cannot In conscience give. The Admin
istration haa already taken steps to prevent
and punish abuses or this nature; but It will
be wise for tha Congress to supplement this
action by legislation.
Much can be dona by the Government In
labor matters merely by giving publicity to
certain conditions. The Bureau of labor has
dona excellent work ot this kind In many
different directions. I shall shortly lay
before you In a spe
Doreau of Labor, clal mesaaga the full
report of the Investi
gation ot tha Bureau of Labor Into tha Colo
rado mining strike, aa this Is a strike In
which certain very evil forces, which ara
more or less at work everywhere under the
conditions of modern Industrialism, became
tartllngly prominent It Is greatly to be
wished that the Department or Commerce
and Labor, through the Labor Bureau, should
compile and arrange for tha Congress a list
of the labor laws of tha various states, and
ahould be given the means to Investigate and
report to tha Congress upon the labor condi
tions in tha manufacturing and mining re
gions throughout the country, both as to
wages, as to hours of labor, as to the labor
of women and children, and as to the effect
In the various labor centers of immigration
from abroad. In this Investigation especial
attention should be paid to the conditions ot
child labor and child-labor legislation In tha
aeveral statea. Such an Investigation must
necessarily take Into account many of the
problems with which this question ot child
labor is connected. These problems can be
actually met, In most cases, only by the
atatea themselves; but the lack of proper
legislation In one state In such a matter aa
child labor often renders It excessively diffi
cult to establish protective restriction upon
the work In another state having the same
Industries, ao that tha worst tends to drag
down tha batter. For this reason. It would
be wall for tho Nation at least to endeavor
to secure comprehensive Information aa to
tha conditions of labor of children In the
different atates. Such Investigation and pub
lication by tha National Government would
tend toward the securing of approximately
uniform legislation of tha proper character
among the several states.
When we come to deal with great corpo
rations, tha need for the Government to act
directly la far greater than In the case of
labor, because great corporations can become
such only by engaging in Interstate com
merce, and Interstate
Corporations. commerce Is peculiar
ly tha field ot tha
denerol Government. It Is an absurdity to
expect to eliminate the abuses in great cor
porations by state action. It Is difficult to
be patient with an argument that such mat
ters should be left to tha states, because
mora than one state pursues the policy or
creating on easy terms corporations which
ara never operated within that state at all,
but In other atates whose lawa they ignore.
Tha National Government alone can deal ad
equately with these great corporations. To
try to deal with them In an Intemperate,
destructive, or demagogio spirit would, In all
probability, mean that nothing whatever
would be accomplished, and, with absolute
certainty, that If anything wera accomplished
It would ba of a harmful nature. Tha Amer
ican people need to continue to show the
vary qualities that they hava hown that
Is. moderation, rood sens, the earner de-
el r to avoid doing any damage, and yet tha
quiet uetermination to proceed, step ry step,
without halt and without hurry. In eliminat
ing or at least In minimising whatever ot
miscnitr or or evil there is to interstate com
merce In tha conduct of great corporations.
They are acting tn no spirit of hostility to
wealth, ellher Individual or corporate. They
aro not against the rich man any mora than
against tha poor man. On the contrary,
they ara friendly alike toward rich man and
toward poor man, provided only that each
acts tn a spirit of Justice and decency toward
his fellow. Great corporations are neces
larr ami nntv mn nf vrMt anil InaTiilftt
mental power car. manage such corporations'
suecettruuy, and such men must nave great
rewards. Itui thet rortMratlona should be
managed with due regard to the Interest of
in public aa a wnoie. wnere inis can c-e
done under the present lawa It must be done.
Where thrte lawa come short others should
be enacted to supplement them.
Yet we must never forget the determining
factor In every kind of work, ot head cr
nana, must re me man s own gooa sense,
courage and kindliness. Mora Important than
any legislation Is the gradual growth of a
feeling ot responsibility and forbearance
among capitalists and wageworkera alike; a
feeling of respect on tha part ot each man
for the rights of others; a reeling ot broad
community ot Interest, not merely ot capital
ists among themselves, and ot wageworkera
among themselves, but ot capitalists and
wageworkera in their relations to each other,
and of both In their relations to their fel
Iowa who with them make up the bodr tmI
lite. There are many captains of Industry,
many labor leaders, who realise this. A
recent speech br the president of ona of our
great railroad systems to the employe of
that system contains aouna common tense.
It runs In rart aa follows:
"It la mr belief we can belter serve each
other, better understand the man aa wall as
hts business, when meeting face to face, ex
changing views, and realising from personal
contact we serve but on Interest, that of
our mutual prosperity.
"Serious misunderstandings cannot occur
where personal good will exists and opportu
nttr for personal explanation Is present
"In my early bust n ens lire t had experience
with men or affairs or a character to make
me desire to avoid creating a like reeling ot
resentment to myseir ana the interests in my
charge, should fortune aver place m in au
thority, and X am solicitous of a measure of
confidence on the part of the public and our
employes that X shall nope may te warranted
by the fairness and good fellowship I Intend
shall preau in our relationship,
"Hut do not reel I am disposed to grant
unreasonable requests, spend the money of
our company unnecessarily or without alue
received, nor eipect tha day of mistakes are
disappearing, or that cause for complaint
will not continually occur, simply to correct
such abuses as may be discovered, to better
conditions aa fast as reasonably may be ex
oected. constantly strhlng. with varying sue-
re a. for that Improvement we all desire, to
conlnce you there Is a force at work in th
right direction, all the time making progress
la the disposition with which I have come
among you, asking your good win ana en
couracement
"The day ha gone by when a corporation
can be handled succeufully tn defiance ot tha
PUD110 will, even though that will oe unrea
sonable and wronr. A nubile mar be led.
but not driven, and X prefer to go with It
ana snape or moairy in a measure us opin
ion, rather than be swept from my bearings,
with loss to myseir and th Interests In my
charge.
"Violent prejudice exists toward corporate
activity and capital today, much or It found
ed In reason, mora" in apprehension, and a
large measure Is due to the persorfal tralta
of arbitrary, unreasonable, incompetent and
offensive men tn positions ot authority. The
accomplishment of results by Indirection, the
endeavor to thwart the Intention, if not the
expressed letter of the law (the will of the
people), a disregard of tha rlghta or others,
a disposition to withhold what is due, to
force by main strength or Inactivity a result
not Justified, depending upon the weakneos
of th claimant and his Indisposition to be
come Involved In litigation, has created a
sentiment harmful in the extreme and a dis
position to consider anything fair that gives
gain to the Individual at the expense or the
company.
"If corporations are to continue to do the
world's work, aa they are best fitted to,
these qualities In their representatives that
have resulted In the present prejudice
against them must be relegated to the back
ground. The corporations must come out
Into the open and see and be seen. They
must take the public Into their confidence
and ask for what they want, and no more,!
and be prepared to explain satisfactorily
what advantage will accrue to the public
U they are given their desires: ror they
are permitted to exist not that they may
make money solely, but that they may ef
fectively serve those from whom they de
rive their power,
"Publicity, and not secrecy, will win here
after, and law be construed by their Intent
and not by their letter, otherwise public
utilities will be owned and operated by the
public which created them, even though
the servlcfe be less efficient and the result
lee satisfactory from a financial stand
point"
The Department or Agriculture has grown
into an educational Institution with a fac
ulty ot 2000 specialists making research Into
all the science of production. The Congress
appropriates, directly and Indirectly, 1 0,000. -000
annually to carry
Agriculture. on, this work. It
reachea every state
and territory tn the Union and the Islands
of the sea lately come under our flag. Co
operation la had with the state experiment
stations, and with many other Institutions
and Individuals. The world Is carefully
searched for new varieties of grains, fruits,
greases, vegetable, tree and shrubs, suit
able to various localities In our country;
and marked benefit to our producers ba re
sulted. The activities of our age In lines or re
search have reached the tillers or the soil
and Inspired them with ambition to know
more or tha principle that govern the force
of Nature with which they have to deal.
Nearly hair or the people or thla country
devote their energies to growing thing from
the soil. Until a recent date little ha been
done to prepare these millions for their Ufa
work. In most lines or human activity college-trained
men are the leaders. The
farmer had no opportunity for special train
ing until the Congess made provision for It
40 years ago. During these years progress
has been made and teacher have been pre
pared. Over 5000 students are in attendance
at our State Agricultural colleges. The Fed
eral Government expends $10,000,000 annu
ally toward this education and for research
In Washington and In the several states and
territories. The Department of Agriculture
has given facilities for post-graduate work
to 500 young men during th last seven
years, preparing them for advanced lines
of work In th department and In the atate
Institutions.
Th facta concerning meteorology and It
relation to plant and animal life are be
ing systematically inquired Into. Tempera
ture and moisture are controlling factors In
all agricultural operations. The season of
the cyclone or the Caribbean Sea and their
path are being forecasted with Increasing
accuracy. Th cold winds that come from
the north are anticipated and their time
and Intensity told to farmers, gardeners
and fruiterer In all aoutnern localities.
We aell $230,000,000 worth of animate and
animal product to foreign countrlea every
year. In addition to supplying our own peo
ple more cheaply and abundantly than any
other nation Is able to provide for Its peo
ple. Successful manufacturing depends pri
marily on cheap food, which accounts to a
considerable extent for our growth In this
direction. The Department of Agriculture,
by careful Inspection of meats, guards the
health of our people and gives clean bills
or health to deserving exports; It Is prepared
to deal promptly wltn imported disease or
animals, and maintain the excellence ot our
flock and herd In this respect There
should be an annual census of th livestock
of the Nation,
We sell abroad about $000,000,000 worth or
plants and their products every year. Stren
uous efforts are being made to import from
foreign countries such gains aa ara suitable
to our varying localities. Seven years ago
wa bought three-fourths of our rice by help
ing the rlcegrower on the Gulf coast to se
cure seeds from tho Orient suited to their
conditions, and by giving them adequate
protection, they now supply home demand
and export to the islands of the Caribbean
Sea and to other rlee-growlng countrlea
Wheat and other grain have been Import
ed from light-rainfall countries to our land
In the West and Southwest that have not
grown cropa because of light precipitation,
resulting in an extensive addition to our
cropping area and our home-making terri
tory that can not be lrlgated. Ten million
bushels of first-class macaroni wheat were
grown from these experimental importations
last year. Fruit suitable to our soils and
climates are being Imported from all the
countries or the Old World tha fig from
Turkey, the almond from Spain, the date
from Algeria, th mango from India. We
are helping our fruitgrowers to get their
crop Into European markets by studying
methods of preservation through refrigera
tion, packing and handling, which have been
quite successful. We are helping our hop
grower by important varieties that ripen
earlier and later than the kinds they have
been raising, thereby lengthening the har
vesting season. The cotton crop of tha
country Is threatened with root rot, the boll
worm, and the boll weevil Our pathologist
wilt find Immuna varieties that will resist
tha root disease, and tha boll worm can ba
dealt with, but the boll weevil la a serious
menace to the cotton crop. It Is a Central
American Insect that has become acclimated
In Texas and has done great damage. A
scientist of th Department of Agriculture
has found the weevil at home In Guatemala
being kept In check by an ant, which ha
been brought to our cotton fields for ob
servation, It Is hoped that it may serve a
good purpose.
The soils of the country are getting atten
tion from tha farmer standpoint, and in
teresting result ara following. Y have
duplicate ot the aolls that grow tha wrap
per tobacco tn Sumatra, and the filler to
bacco In Cuba. It will be only a question of
time when tha larc amount lald to these
countries will be paid to our own people. Th
reclamation or aittau iana is proir-nmni
tn alva AblMt.ltMnni tn nur tteoute in meth
ods by which worthless land may ba made
productive.
Tha Insect friend and enmle of th farm
er ara getting attention. Tha enemy of the
Fan Jo seal was round near tna itreai
Wall of China, and Is now cleaning up all
our orcharda. The fig-fertllltlng Insect Im
ported from Turkey ha helped to establish
an Industry In California that amounts U
from 60 to 100 tons ot dried fig annually,
and la extending over the Pacific CVt A
parasitic fly from South Africa Is keeping
l-t subjection the black scale, tha worst pest
of th orange and lemon Industry In Call
fnrnla.
Careful preliminary work Is being done
towards producing our own ana. xne mul
berry Is being distributed In large numbers,
egg ara being Imported and distributed. Im
proved reel were Imported from Kurope
last year, and two expert reelera were
brought to Washington to reet th crop ot
cocoons and teach th art to our own peo
ple. The cro-reportlnr srstem ot th Depart
ment of Agriculture Is being brought closer
to accuracy every year. It ha SMUnw re
porter selected from people In eight voca
tion tn life. It has arrangement with
most Ruronean countrlea for Interchange
ot estimates so that our people may know
as nearly as possioi wiin wnai tney mu.
compete
During the 2H reara that have elapsed
since the passage ot the reclamation act
rapid progrea has been made In th sur
vey and examination of th opportunities
for reclamation In the 13 state and three
terrttorlea or the arid West Construction
has already been be
Irrtgatlon. gun on th largest and
most Important ot th
irrigation works, and plans are peing com
pleted tor works which will utilise th fund
now available. The operation are being
carried on by the Reclamation Sen Ice. a
corps of engineer selected through competi
tive rtvll-eentce examinations, Thla corps
Includes experienced consulting and con
structing engineers as well as various ex
perts In mechanical and legal matters, and
Is composed largely of men who have spent
most ot their lives In practical affair con
lected with Irrigation. The larger problems
hae been solved, and It now remain to
execute with care, economy, and thorough
ness the work which has been laid out All
Important details are being carefully con
sidered by boards of consulting engineer,
selected for their thorough knowledge and
practical experience. Each project ts taken
up on the ground by competent men and
tewed from the standpoint ot th creation
of prosperous homes, and or promptly refund
ing to the Treasury the roet of construction.
The reclamation act haa been found to be
remarkably complete and effective, and so
broad In it provisions that a wide rang of
undertakings haa been possible under It At
tho same time, economy Is guaranteed by
tha fact that funds must ultimately b re
turned to be used over again.
It Is the cardinal principle of the forest
reserve policy ot this Administration that
the reserve are for
Forests. use. Whatever Inter
feres with the use or
their resource I to be avoided by every
possible mean. But these resource must
be used in such a way a to make them
permanent
The forest policy ot the Government Is
Just now a subject of vivid public Interest
throughout the West and to the people of
the United States In general. The forest re
serves themselves are of extreme value to
the present as well as to the future welfare
of all the Western public-land states. They
powerfully affect the use and disposal ot
the public lands. They are of special Im
portance because they preserve the water
supply and the supply or timber for domestic
purpose and so promote settlement undet
the reclamation art Indeed, they are es
sentia) to the welfare of every one of the
great Interest of the West
Forest reserves are created for two prin
cipal purpowc. Th first Is to preserve the
water supply This is their most Important
use. The principal users or tha water thus
preserved are Irrigation rancher and set
tier, cities and town to whom their mu
nicipal water supplies are of the very first
Importance, user and furnlshera ot water
power, and the user of water for domestic,
manufacturing, mining, and other purpose. ,
All theso are directly dependent upon the I
forest reserve.
Th second reason for which forest re
serves ara created ta to preserve the tlmtxr
supply for various classes of wood user.
Among the more Important of these are set
tlers under the reclamation act and other
acta, ror whom a cheap and accessible sup
ply of timber for domestic uses is absolutely
necessary; miners and prospectors, who are
In serious danger of losing their timber sup
ply by fire or through export by lumber com
panies wnen timber lands adjacent to tneir
mine pass Into private ownership; lumber
men, transportation companies, builders, and
commercial Interests in general.
Although the wisdom of creating forest re
serves Is nearly everywhere heartily recog
nized, yet In a few localities there have been
misunderstanding and complaint The fol
lowing statement Is therefore desirable:
Tha fore-t-reserve policy can be successful
only when It has th full support of the peo
ple of the West It cannot safely and should
not in any case, om imposed upon tnem
against their wllL But neither can we ac
cept the views of those whose only Interest I
In the forest Is temporary; who are anxious!
to reap what they have not sown and then
move away, leaving desolation behind them. :
On the contrary, It la everywhere and always I
the Interest of the permanent settler and !
the permanent business man. the man with a i
stake in tne country, wnicn must b con
sidered, and which must decide.
The making ot forest reserve within rail
road and wagon-road land-grant limit will
hereafter, as for the past three years, be ao
managed as to prevent th Issue, under the
act ot June 4, 1S07, of base for exchange or
lieu selection (usually called scrip). In all
case where forest reserves within areaa
covered by land grants appear to be essen
tial to the prosperity of settlers, miners, or
others, the Government lands within such
proposed forest reserves will, as In the recent
past. Pa wunarawn irom saie or entry pend
ing the completion or such negotiations with
the owners or the land grants a will prevent
the creation or so-called acrlp.
It 'was formerly the custom to make forest
reserves without first getting definite and
detailed Information as to the character of
land and timber within their boundaries This
method of action orten resulted In badly
chosen boundaries and consequent Injustice
to settlers and others. Therefore this Ad
ministration adopted the present method of
first withdrawing the land from disposal,
followed by careful examination on the
ground and the preparation of detailed maps,
and descriptions, before any forest reserve
I created,
X have repeatedly called attention to the
confusion which exists In Government forest
matters because the work is scattered among 1
three Independent organizations. The United!
States Is tha only one of the great nations'
In which the forest work of the Government
I not concentrated under one department 1
tn consonance with the plainest dictates of
good administration and common sense. The
present arrangement is bad from every point
of view. Merely to mention It is to prove
that It should be terminated at once. Aa I
have repeatedly recommended, all the forest
work of the Government should be concen-1
t rated In the Department of Agriculture,
where the larger part of that work Is already
done, where practically all or the trained
forester of th Government are employed,
where chiefly In Washington there la com
prehensive first-hand knowledge of the prob
lems of the reserve acquired on the ground,
where all problems relating to growth from
the soil are already gathered, and where all
tha sciences auxiliary to forestry are at hand
for prompt and effective co-operation. These
reasons are decisive In themselves, but It
should be added that the treat oreanlzatlons
of citizen whose Interests are affected by the
rorest reserves, such a the National Live
stock Association, the National Woolgrowers'
Association, the American Mining Congress,
the National Irrigation Cong res, and the
National Board of Trade, liave uniformly,
emphatically, and moat of them repeatedly,
expressed themselves In favor of placing
all Government forest work In the Depart
ment of Agriculture because of the peculiar
adaptation ot that Department for It It
is true, also, that the forest services of
nearly all the great nations of tha world are
under the respective department of agricul
ture, while In but two of th smaller na
tion and In on colony are they under the
department of tha Interior. This Is the
result of long and varied experience and It
agrees fully with the requirements of rood
administration in our own case.
The creation of a forest service in the De
partment of Agriculture will have for Its
Important results
First A better handling of all forest work,
because It will be under a single head, and
because the vast and Indispensable experi
ence of the Department In all matters per
taining to th forest reserves, to forestry fn
general, and to other forms of production
from the soil, will be easily, and rapidly ac
cessible, Second The reserve themselves, being
handled from the point of view of the man
In the field, Instead of the man In the office,
will be more easily and more widely useful
to the people of the West than has been the
case hitherto.
Third Within a comparatively short time
the reserves will become self-supporting. This
la important, because continually and rapid
ly increasing appropriations win te neces
sary for the proper care of this exceedingly
important Interest of the Nation, and they
can and should be offset by returns from the
National forests, unaer similar circum
stances the forest possessions of other great
nations form an Important source of revenue
to their government.
Cvery administrative officer concerned 1
convinced of tho necessity for th proposed
consolidation of forejt work th Depart
ment of Agriculture, and 1 myself have urged
It more than one In former messages. Again
I commend It to the early and faoraM con
sideration of tha Congress. Th interest of
the Nation at large and of the West In pnr
llcular have uttered, greatly because ot the
delay.
1 call Ih attention of the CongiTM again
to th report and recommendation of th torn
mlfwlon on the rublto
FuMlo iAnd. Lands, forwarded iy
m to th second ses
sion of the present congress, Th tmmllon
ba prosecuted It Investigation actively dur
Ing th past season, and second report U
how in an advanced iag oi jwrn "v"-
Th. t,v. . th In.Min toward rlvlll
tlon. though not raplJ, l perhaps all that
AAiil.1 t. K...l t.vr In vUw at th ClKUM-
stances. Within the past )er many trlbw
have shown, in a aegree greaier mn
before, an appreciation
Indiana, of the neceelty ot
work. This changed at
tltiid la In part due to the po'ley recently
pumied ot reducing the amount of sulUt
ence to th Indians, and thua forcing them,
ittvitt ti.,.it m work for a liveli
hood. The policy, though sever. Is a useful
one. but It ts to be exercised only with judg.
ment and with a full understanding of the
condition which exist In each community fr
which It ta Intended, On or near the Indian
reservation there I usually very little de
mand for labor, and It the Indian are to
earn their living and when work cannot be
rurntehed Itom cutnui (wnicn i aiway pri
ratitl thn II mn. I ha furnlaheJ bv th tloV-
ernment Practical instruction of this kind
would In a few ears result in th forming
ct habits of regular Industry, which would
render the Indian a producer ana wouiu fmn
a great reduction In the cost ot hta main
tenance. In th rostorfira Department th service
has Increased In efficiency, and condition
a to revenue and expenditure continue sat
isfactory. Th Increas ot revenue during
th year was JlOJMM 10, or tU per rent,
the total receipt amounting to ll4t,3tsV
034 31, The expenditure wer $133,303.
110,70, an Increase of about per cent over
the previous year, being thus $MTtM3 3d
in excess of the current revenue, inciuneu
In these expenditures was a total appropri
ation of $13.3tl.(i.1T.33 ror the continuation
and extension or the rural freo-dellvery
service, which wa an Increas of $l.tK3.-
33T.33 over the amount expended for
this purpose In the
roaiai service. preceding nscai year.
Large as this expendi
ture ha been th beneficent result attained
In extending the freo distribution of mall
to the residents ot rural district have
Justified the ldom of the outlay. Statis
tics brought down to October 1. U'Ot, show
that on that date there were ST.ISH rural
routes established, serving approximately
13,000,000 of :eopte In rural districts re
mote from posiotnces, and that there were
pending at that tlm 3S3U petitions tor th
establishment of new rural routes. Unques
tionably some part ot the general Increase in
receipts Is due to the Increased postal fa
cilities which the rural service has afforded
The revenues have also been aided greatly
by amendments in the classification ot mall
matter, and the curtailment of abuse ot
the second-class mailing privilege. The aver
age Increase In the volume of malt matter
for the period beginning with 1903 and end
ing June, 1903 (that portion for 1003 being
estimated), ts 40. il per cent, a compared
with 33.40 per cent for the period Immedi
ately preceding, and 13.92 for th four-year
period Immediately preceding that
I call your attention to the great ex
travagance In printing and binding Gov
ernment publication, and especially to the
fact that altogether too many or these pub
lications are printed. There Is a constant
tendency to Increas their number and vol
ume. It Is an understatement to say that
no appreciable harm
Y-.i..n would be caused by,
Extravagance ml gub,UnluI bene
la Printing. nt woua accrue from.
'decreasing the amount
of printing now done by at least one-half
Probably th great majority ot the Gov
ernment reports and the like now printed are
neter read at all, and furthermore the print
Ing of much of the material contained In
many of the remaining one rve no useful
purpose whatever
The attention of the Cngresa should be
specially given to th currency question.
and that the standing
Currency, committee on the
matter In th two
houses charged with the duty, take up the
matter ot our currency and see whether It
Is not possible to secure an agreement In the
business world for bettering the system: the
committees should consider the question of
the retirement or the greenbacks and the
problem or securing In our currency such
elasticity as Is consistent with safety. Kvery
silver dollar should be made by law redeem
able In gold at the option or the holder.
X especially commend to your Immediate
attention th encour-
Merchant Marine, agement or our mer
chant marine by ap
propriate legislation.
The growing Importance or the Orient as a
field ror American exports drew from my
predecessor. President McKlnley, an urgent
request for Its special
Oriental Markets, consideration by the
Congress, In his mes
sage of 1S98 he stated:
"In thla relation, as ahowlng the peculiar
volume and value ot our trad with China
and the peculiarly favorable condition
which exist for their expansion In the
normal course of trade, I refer to the
communication addressed to the Speaker of
the House ot Ilepresentatlvea by th Secre
tary of th Treasury on the 14th of last
June, with Its accompanying letter ot the
Secretary of State, recommending an appro
priation for a commission to study the In
dustrial and commercial condition In the
Chines Bmplte and to report a to the op
portunities for and the obstacles to the en
largement of markets in China for the raw
producta and manufacture of th United
Statea. Action wa not taken thereon dur
ing the last seeelon, I cordially urge that
the recommendation receive at your hand
the consideration which It Importance and
timeline merit."
In his annual meaeage of 1A90 he again
called attention to this recommendation,
quoting It, and stated further:
"I now renew this recommendation, as the
Importance of the subject has steadily grown
since It was firbt submitted to you, and no
time should be lost In studying for ourselves
the resources or this great field for American
trade and enterprise."
The Importance ot securing proper In
formation and data with a view to the
enlargement of our trade with Asia Is undi
minished. Our Consular representative In
China have strongly urged a place ror per
manent display ot American products In
some prominent trade center of that em
pire, under Government control and man
agement, as an effective means ot advanc
ing our export trade therein. I call the at
tention of the Congress to the desirability
ot carrying out these suggestions.
Alaska, Ilk all our territorial acquisitions,
haa proved resourceful beyond the expecta
tions of those who made the purchase. It
haa become t,he horn of many hardy, in
dustrious, and thrifty
Alaska. American o 1 1 1 1 a ni,
Towns of a permanent
character have been built The extent of Its
wealth In minerals, timber, fisheries, and
agriculture, while great, is probably not
comprehended yet In any Just measure by
our people. We do know, however, that from
a very small beginning ita proauci nave
grown until they are a ateady and material
contribution to the wealth ot the Nation.
Owing to the Immensity of Alaska and its
location In the far north. It Is a difficult
matter to provide many thing essential to
It growth and to the happiness and com
fort of Its peopl by private enterprise alone,
It should, therefore, receive reasonable aid
from the Government The Government haa
already done excellent work for Alaska
In laying cables and building telegraph lines.
This work has been done in tne most eco
nomical and efficient way by the Signal
Corps of the Army.
In some respects It has outgrown It pres
ent law, while In others those law have
been found to be Inadequate. In order to
obtain Information upon which. I could rely
I caused an official of the Department of
Justice, in whose Judgment 1 have con
fidence, to visit Alaska during the past Sum
mer for the purpose of ascertaining how
government Is administered there and what
legislation Is actually needed at present. A
statement of the conditions found to exist,
together with some recommendations and the
reasons tnereror, in wnicn i sirongiy con
cur, will be found In the annual report of
the Attorney-General, In some Instances X
feel that the legislation suggested Is ao
Imperatively needed that I am moved briefly
to empnasize tne Atiorney-uenerai pro
posals. Under the code of Alaska a It now stands
many Durelv administrative powers and
dutlea, Including by far the moat Im
portant, devolve upon tne uuirici juage or
upon the Clerks of the District Court acting
under the direction of the Judge, while the
Governor, upon whom these powers and du
ties should logically fall, ha nothing -.pacific
to do except to make annual report,
Issue Thankglvlng day proclamations, and
appoint Indian policemen and notaries pub
lic. I believe It essential to good govern
ment In Alaska, and therefore recommend,
that the Congress divest the District Judges
and clerks of their courts of the adminis
trative or executive functions that they now
exercise and cast them upon the Governor,
This would not be an Innovation! It would
simply conform the government of Alaska
to fundamental principle, making the Gov
ernorship a real Instead or a merely nominal
omce, and leavjnf, the uage ire to give
their entire attention to their Judicial duties
and at th same time removing them from
a great deal of the strife that now em
barrasses the Judicial oltlce In Alaska.
I also recommend that the satailes of the
District Judges and District Attorney in
Alaska be Increased so a to make them
equal to those received by corresponding of
ficers In the United State after deducting
the difference In th cost of living that th
Tnefrtrt MUx.ry should be prohibited from
engaging In prlvatn pi-actbo, that t'nlted
(Mate Cttmmllonri be Appointed by tha
Governor ut th tetrltoty ltt tend of by Ih
DUtrlot Judge, ami thnt a nied sntary t
provided for them to takt tho place of tha
dlrtcrdlted "fee Mtm." which should ba
abolished in all t til fee. that a mounted con
stabulary be created to polk the teriltory
outside th limit of Incnrpornted town -n
vast section now wholly without police pro
tection; and that om provision be matt
to at least leen th orprelv del) And
cost that now attend th prosecution of ap
peal from th Dimi'-t Court of Alaska.
There should be a division of Ih ltlng
Judicial districts, and an increase tn th
number of Judge.
Alaska should have a Delegate tn the tVn
greoa Where possible, th t'ongre should
aid In thei ronstrucibm of needed wnrm
road. Additional lighthouse ahmild be pro
vided. In my Judgment, It Is especially Im
portant to aid In such manner a seem Jusl
and feasible In th construction or a trunk
line of railway to connect tha Gulf of Alnvka
with the Yukon Itlvor through American ter
ritory, This would b most beneficial to the
development of the reeource of the territory,
and to th oomfitrt and welfare ot It peopl
Salmon hatcherle should be established In
many different stream, so a to secure the
preservation of this valuable food fish. Sal
mon fisheries and canneries should be pro
hibited on certain of th river whr the
mass of thos Indian dwell who llv almost
exclusively on fish
Th Alaskan natives are kindly, Intelli
gent anxious to learn, and willing to work.
Those who have come under the influence
ot civilisation, even for a limited period,
have proved their capability of becoming
setf-supporttng. self respecting rltlsrn. and
ask only for the Jut enforcement of law
and Intelligent Instruction and supervlelou
Other living In more remote regions, prim
itive, simple hunter and fisher folk, who
khov only th lire of the woods and the
waters, are dall being confronted with Sot It
century civilisation, with all of Its complexi
ties. Their country I being overrun by
strangers, the game slaughtered and driven
away, the streams deplete! of fish, and
hitherto unknown and fatal disease brought
to them, all of which combine to produce a
slat of abject poverty and want which must
result In their extinction, Action In their
Interest Is demanded by every consideration
ot Justice and humanity.
The needs of these people are!
The abolition of the present fee system,
whereby the native t degraded. Imposed
upon, and taught the Injustice of law
The establishment of hospitals at central
point, ao that contagious disease that r
brought to them cunilnually by Incoming
white may be locatlsed and not allowed to
become epidemic, to spread death and desti
tution over great areaa
The development of the educational system
In th rorm of practical training In uch
Industrie a will nur th Indian self
support under th changed condition tn
which the will have to live
The dutle or the office of the Governor
should be extend d to In lud the supervi
sion of Indian affairs, with neceaary alel
ant In different district. He should be
provided with the mean and th power to
protect and advise thejiatlv people, to fur
nish medical treatment In lime of epidem
ic, and to extend material lellef in perids
of famine and extreme destitution.
The Alaskan natives should b given the
right to acquire, hold, and dispose of prop
erty upon th same conditions as given other
Inhabitants; and the privilege of citlsenshlp
should be given to
Hawttll .ml Porto ,Uh " ,,,aV "b'
Hawaii ami I orto Q mm ru,n
w nit requirements. In
Hawaii, Congress
should give the Governor power to remove
all the official appointed under hint. The
harbor or Honolulu should be dredged. The
Marine lloeplial Service should be empow
ered to study leproey in Ih Ittland. 1 ask
special consideration for the report ami rec
ommendation or the Governor of Porto Itlco.
In treating of nur foielgn policy and of the
attitude that thl great Nation should as
sun In th world at large. It I absolutely
nrt -.! y to connldr the Army and the
Na), and th CuutireoN. through which thr(
thought of the Nail-'ii
Foreign Policy. find Urn exprr-mlolt.
should keep ever vlv-i
ldl In mind the fundamental fait that It U
Impossible to treat otir forrlgti pulley, wheth- I
er thl policy takej hape In the effort to
secure Justice for other or Justlre ror our
selves, mvs a conditioned upon th attitude
we are willing to take toward our Army, and
especially toward our Navy It I not merely
unwise. It is contemptible, for a Nation, as
for an Individual, to us high-sounding lan
guage to proclaim It purpose, or to take
position which are ridiculous If unsupported
by potential force, and then to refuse to
provide thl force. It there Is no Intention
of providing and of keeping th force nec
essary to back up a strong attitude, then It
Is far better not to assume such an attitude.
The steady aim ot this Nation, as of all
enlightened nations, should be to strive to
bring ever nearer the day when there shall
prevail throughout the world the peace of
Justice. There are kinds of peace which are
highly undesirable, which are In the long
run as destructive as any war Tyrants and
oppressors have many time made a wilder
nee and called It eace. Many time peo
ple who were slothful or timid or ahort
vlghted. who had been enervated by ease or
by luxury, or misled hy false teaching, have
shrunk In unmanly fashion from doing duty
that wa stern and that needed self -earrtfire,
and have sought to hide from their own
minds their shortcomings, their Ignoble mo
tive, by calling them love uf peace. Th
peace of tyrannous terror, th ieare of era
ten weak nee, the peace of Injustice, all
these should be shunned as we shun unrlght
eoua war.
We are In every way endeavoring to help
on, with cordial good will, every tiiote-nent
which wH tend to
Arbitration Treaties, bring us into more
friendly relations with
the rest of mankind, in pursuance of thl
policy I shall shortly lay before th Ken
ate treaties of arbitration with all power
which are willing to enter Into these treat lee
with ua. It 1 not poaslbl at thl period
of th world's development to agre to ar
bitrate all matters, but there are many
matters of possible difference between us
and other nation which can be thus arbi
trated. Furthermore, at the requeet of the
Interparliamentary Union, an eminent body
mtnn,.u.l nt i.p'HIp-I
becond 1 fugue
Conference,
statesmen from all
countrlea, I have
asked the powers to
Join with this Govern
ment In a second Hague conference, at which
It Is hoped that the work already o happily
begun at The Hague may be carried some
step further toward completion. Thl car
ries out the desire expressed by tha first
Hague Conference Itself.
It la not true that the United Btatra feels
any land hunger or entertains any projects
a regards the other nations of the Western
Hemisphere save such a are for their wel
fare. All that thl
1'ollcy Toward Other country desire Is to
Vatlona of We.teru B'e th neighboring
Nation or nrsteru countrl iUble, or.
Hemisphere, dcrly, and prosperous.
Any country whose
people conduct themselves well can count
upon our hearty friendship. If a nation
shows that It knows how to act with rea
sonable efficiency and decency In social and
political matters, if It keep order and pay
It obligations. It need fear no Interference
from the United fJtatea, Chronic wrongdo
ing, or an Impotence which result In a gen
eral loosening of the tie of rlvlllzed so
ciety, may In America, as elsewhere, ulti
mately require Intervention by some civil
ized nation, and In the Western Hemisphere
the adherence of the United Htate to the
Monroe Doctrine may for re the United
Htates, however reluctantly, In flagrant
case of auch wrongdoing or Impotence, to
the exerclao of an International police power.
If every country washed by the Caribbean
Ben would show the progress In stable and
Just civilization which with the aid of the
Piatt amendment Cuba has shown since our
troop left the Island, and which so many
of the republics In toth Americas are con
stantly and brilliantly showlnir, all que
tlon of interference by this Nation with
their affair would be at an end. Our In
terest and those of our Houthern neighbors
are In reality Identical, They have great
natural riches, and If within their borders
the reign of law and Justice obtains, pros
perity is sure to come to them, While they
thus obe.y the primary laws or civilized soci
ety they may rest assured that they will be
treated by u In a spirit of cordial and
helpful sympathy. We would Interfere with
them. only In tha last resort, and then only
If It became evident that their Inability or
unwillingness to do Justice ut home and
abroad had violated the rlghta of the United
Htates or had invited foreign aggression to
the detriment of the entire body of Ameri
can nations. It I a mere truism to say
that every nation, whether In America or
anywhere else, which desires to maintain
It freedom, it Independence, must ulti
mately realize that the right of auch Inde
pendence cannot bo separated from tho re
sponsibility of making good use of It.
In asserting the Monroe Doctrine, In tak
ing such steps us we have taken In regard
to Cuba, Venezuela, and 1'anamn, and in
endeavoring to circumscribe the theater of
war In the Far Uust, and to secure thi
opon door In China, we have acted In our
own Interest a well a In the Interest of
humanity at large. There are, however,
cases In which, while our own Interest are
not greatly Involved, strong appeal Is made
to our sympathies, Ordlnurlly It In very
much wiser and more useful for us to con
ccrn ourselves with striving for our own
moral and material betterment here at homo
than to concern ourselves with trying to bet
ter the condition of things In otlmr nations.
We have plenty or sin or our own to war
against, and under ordinary circumstance
we can do more for the general uplifting of
humanity by striving with heart and soul
to put a atop to civic corruption, to brutal
lawlessness and violent race prejudice here
at home than by passing resolutions about
wrongdoing elsewhere, Nevertheless tur
are occasion! rrto - minntd on so vs
a pent and ot u ii p uiiti Honor na to
make tie doubt w heiliet li l nt ur mani
fest duty to endeavor at lt it to show our
ill'Hptlroval of th deed and mir svnipitthy
wllh lltnoe who hnv sultwred by It Th
en must 'be Mtrente In which such a
com- Is JuMitfiAble, There must be MO ft
ton mail to remove th tool trout our
brother's ) If we itfuse to remove the
beam Trout our own Hut In extieitin cases
notion tony be Justifiable And proper. What
form th action shall take must itrpend upon
th rlrvunisuticea of the cusei Hint la. upon
the degiee ot the nlim-lty and upon our
power tn reined II.
Th strung arm of Ih Government tn en
rolling respect for It Just right lit Inter
national iiiriUi U the Nnvy or Ih United
N lutes, I ntiMt urnlly recommend that
there l no halt In the
Tha Navy. work of upbuilding the
I no more patttotle diav before u aa a
lopl than to keep lit Nnvy adeuuni l
the need of thl countr)'
' iu
moil ii
Ve have
timleilaken to build the Isthmian Canal Wa
undertaken to secure for ourselve our
Just share In th trad or th Oilent W
iv utoleitaheii to protct our rltlaen from
Improper treatment lit rot el u land W
ontliiu steitdlly lo Insist en th application
of th M tut roe ttoctiln to th Western
Item! sohere llnleea our altllud In thra
and all similar matter Is to l a liter
bonatful ham w can not afford to aban
don our naval programm. Our voir Is now
jHjteitt (or peace, and I potent because w
are not afruld ut war, Hut our proteaindoit
upon behalf of peace would neither r-v
nor deserve the llxhtet attention It w
were Impotent to make them good
Within the Inbt three year th t'ntted
Htstaa ha set an example In disarmament
where dtrmtiient wa piopery Hy
law our Army la fixed at a maximum of
iDu.Ouu and a mlnl
The Army mum of iui.ihh) men
When there wa In
stil rectlnn In th 1'hlllppltie w kept tha
Army at th maximum Peace rame In th
Philippine, and now our Army has been
reduced to th minimum at which It 1 poa
slbl to keep H wlih due regard to It effi
ciency. Th guns now mounted require 2V
tMM men. If the const fortification are to b
adequately manned. Illllvly to the Na
tion, It I not now so Inig a the police
force of New York or t'hlCMgo relatively to
th population of ellher city V need more
officers, thvre are not enugh to peform
the reiular Army work It Is very Important
that the officers or the Army should b ac
customed tti handle their men In masses,
a It Is also Important that the Nation)
Guard or the seveial slate should he ac
customed lo actual field maneuvering, es
pecially In connection with the rrgular for
thl reason we er lo be tHittgratulated upon
the ucce of Ih field maneuver at Ml
aa last IN It. maneuver In which a larg
er number of regutttr and National Guard
took part than wa ever before asermbleil
together In time of petti e. No other U ti
tled Nation ba. relatively to It population,
uch a diminutive Army a our, and while
the Army U so mat) we are nut to be ex
cused If we fall to keep It at A Very hliill
grade of profit lepcy It itiuet te tin -itll
practiced, the standard foi ti enllstrd men
should be kept vr hlah. while at ih titi
time the service hould be made a attrac
tive a pOMlhte, and the vtaudard for th
officers should be kepi even higher which,
a regard th upper tanks, rati best be done
by Introducing ome system or selerilon nd
rejection Into the promotion. We should be
able. In th avent of mini sudden emerg
ency, to pill Into the field one first rls
Army rori. which should be, n a whole, at
least the equal of any body of troop of Ilk
number belonging to any other nation.
In the I'hlllppln Islands there h been
during the pest J ear a continuation of the
steady prog re which ha obtained ever
since our troop definitely got the upr
hand of th Insurgent. The I'hlllppln peo
ple, or, to speak more
The Philippines, accurately, th many
tribe, ami even race,
sundered from one another mure or lee
sharply, who go to make up th people of
th 1'nlltpplne Island, contain many ele.
tient of Kd. and onte element whl'h we
have a right to hop stand for progtrse At
present they are utterl) ln arable of exist
ing In Indepetidrtite at all or of hulhllttg
up a itvl.lkoibn of their own I nrm l b--llv.c
Hint we tan hHp ihetit to rise higher
and higher In the aip of tivlllBalon and of
rapailty for slf government, and 1 most
earnestly hop that In the end thsy will be
able to stand. If not entirely alone, yet in
some such relation tn the United Htate as
Cuba now atunda. This end I not yet In
sight, and It may be indefinitely postponed
if our people are foolish enough to turn the
attention of th Klllplnoe away from th
problem of achieving moral ami material
prosperity, of working for a stable, orderly,
and Just government, and toward foolish and
dsngerou Intrigue for a complete Inde
pendence for which they are a yet totally
unfit
Un th other hand, our peopl must keep
teaillly before their mind the fact that th
Justification for our stay In th I'hlllppln
must ultimately rest chiefly upon the good
we are able to d In th Islands I do not
overlook the fart that In the development of
our Interest In the Pacific Ocean nd aon
it coasts, th Philippine have played and
will play an Important part, and that our
Interests hat been served In mure than on
wy by the possession of th Islands Hut
our chief reason for continuing to hold them
must be that we ought In good faith lo try to
do our share of the world' work, and thl
particular piece of work has been Imposed
upon us by the result of th war with Hpatn.
Th problem presented to us In the Philip
pine Island I akin to, but not exactly Ilk,
the problems presented to the other great
civilised power which have possession in
the Orient There r oliii of resemblance
In our work to th work which I being dun
by the Hrltlsh In India and Kgypl, by th
Krenrh In Algiers, by the Dutch In Java, by
ihe liussians In Turkestan, by the Japanese
In Formosa, but more distinctly than any of
the powers w are eruleatorlng to develop
the native themselves so that they ahall
take an ever-Increasing share In their own
government, ami a far aa Is prudent w are
already admitting their representative to a
governmental equality with our own
There are Commissioner. Judge, and Gov
ernor In th Island who are Filipino and
who have exactly the seme hr In Ih
government of th Islands a have their col
league who are American, while in the
lower ranks, of course, th great majority of
the public servant ar Filipino Within two
year w shall be trying the experiment of
an elective lower house In the Philippine
Legislature. It rny be that the Filipino
will misuse thl Legislature, and they cer
tainly will misuse It If they ar misled by
foolish iter son here at horn Into starting
an agitation ror their own Independence or
into any factious or Improper action. In such
case they will do themselve no good and
will stop for th time being all further ef
fort to advance them and glv them a
greater share In their own government Hut
If they act with wisdom and f-ratrelnt,
If they show that they are capable of electing
a Legislature which In It turn Is capable
of taking a sane and efficient part In the
actual work of government, they can reet
assured that a full and Increasing measure
or recognition will be given them. Above all
they should remember that their prime need
are moral and Industrial, not political. It I
a good thing to try th experiment of giv
ing them a Legislature; but It Is a far bet
ter thing to give them schools, good roads,
railroad which will enable them to get their
products to market, honest courts, an honest
and efficient constabulary, and all that tends
to produce order, peace, fair dealing aa be
tween man and man, and habits of Intelli
gent Industry and thrift. If they are safe
guarded against oppression, and If their real
wunt, material ami spiritual, are studied In
telligently and in a spirit nf friendly sym
pathy, much more good will be done them
than by an effort to give them political
power, though thl effort rqay In It own
proper ttm and place be proper enough.
Meanwhile our own people should remem
ber that there la need for the highest stand
ard of conduct among the Americans sent
to tha 1'hltlpplne Islands, not only among the
public servants but among the private in
dividual who go to them It 1 because I
feel this so deeply that In the administra
tion of these Island I have positively re
fused to permit any dlscrlmlnaton whatso
ever for political reason, and have Insisted
that In choosing the public servants consid
eration should be paid solely lo the worth
of the men chosen and to the needs ot th
Islands, There la no higher body of men In
our public service than we have In the
Philippine Island under Governor Wright
and hi associate. Ho far a poaslbl these
men should be given a rree hand, and their
suggestion should receive the hearty back
ing both of the Kxecutlve and of lha Con
gress. There Is need of a vigilant and dis
interested support of our public aervants In
the Philippine by good citizen her In the
United Htate.
Unfortunately hitherto those of our peo
ple here at home who have perlally claimed
to be the champion of tha Filipino hav
in reality been their worst enemies. Thl
will continue to be the ruae a long as they
strive to make the Filipinos Independent,
and atop all Industrial development' of the
Islands by crying out ugolnst the luw which
would bring it on the ground that capital
ist must not "exploit" the Island. Huch pro
ceedings are not only unwise, but ure most
harmful to the Filipinos, who do not need
Independence at all, but who do need good
lawa, good public servants, nnd the Indus
trial development that can only come If the
Investment of American and foreign capital
In tha lalunds I favored In all legltlmuta
way.
Kvery measure taken concerning the Islands
should be taken primarily with a view to
their advantage. Wo should certainly give
them lower tariff ratea on their exports to
tha United Btutesi If this Is not done It will
be a wrong to extend our shipping law to
them. I earnestly hope for the immediate
enactment Into law of the legislation now
pending to encourage American capital to
seek investment In tha Island- In railroads,
In factoiles, In plantations, and In lumber
ing and mining,
Tiiuooonra iioosGVicoyr.
DOINGS IN CONOIIUSS.
Montlny, December ,1,
Tlio ulidrt iM'.iilnii nl tlioftHlliciinnii'nii
mnt nt 111 o'ulot'k. No IiiiiIiuihi utn
triinitiiolcil III cltliiT 1 1 on o ii.xc(iitliiK
ti tifliinl rmttliiH work u( opi'iilim iliiy
llotli Iiiumm mtiiplril rmoliitluiin ol r.
pi'ol tn llui liitu Hi'iiuliiiH Hour, nl Mint
imrtiiiM'ltfl, nml tinny, of lVniiylviinlu,
mill tlit'lr mljimiimimil wni fmtl.or
iimtk ot riwcl.
TiicmiIdv, December 0.
Pri'dili'iit'd liii'Mutgn nml.
A iiiiiiiIhii ol rmohitlimn linvn Iwvii
liitroilui'iil In tin1 limine IooDIiik to n
('liiuipii In I lui tnrirt luwi.
Tln prt'nlili'iil nnt n Inriin imiiilmr of
Ktinlntintmtit nml mini link t Ion n for pro
motion In tlm nriny nml navy tn tlm
rnniHln.
A Mil Iiim lu'on Introduced In tlio
,o until pinvlilliiK hiiIoii of lion
month foi tint wldown of Union nol
illiui, rallorn nml miulmm.
Wednesday, December 7.
Tlm It'iiinlntlvn, t'lcruttvo nml Jndl
rlnl npproprliillon bill, rnirylnit !!H,.
H:iH,"(HI, wiin reported to lliu 1ioii to
ilny Till, la Htll, IHS lonn tlinn tlm en
tlmnto mid '-':ir,HHl moro t tut n tlio
cnrimit nppropiliitlon.
l'lnlt, of Now York, ciiummI n tlr In
tlic ci'iiiitii liv IntrivdiMiclnn it bill pro
viding, (or ii inliutlon of the eonurrr
tdniiAl repii'nt'iitntlon of tint iioiithrrii
ttnti'n, on tint Kroiitid t lint ninny of tho
elllii'iiH of thviH'n ntnti'D xrtt deprived of
tint rlLtht to votu.
Hountor Unlit Introdnrttd n hill lo r
ipilnt tho employment of vetneln of tho
United Hhiten in tint trniiiiirtiillon hy
pen of nil nuppllen of every dt'H'riptlon
for imo of tho l'niimnii rnmil eiimmlit
nlon or tho contrnt'tom In tint coimUuc
tlon ol the I'mninm ntnul.
Senntor Mniim, of Alnhnmn, do-i-lnioi
hit will oppoMt to bin turnout
tint proponed ehmiKo in tint I'iiiihiiiii
enmil from ii lock to n rrn level in mil.
lie irnyti It In n m'hetmt of tint tmiia
continetiUl iHllnnyr to dolity the con
triiction of nn iathminn naturnny.
Thursday, December 0.
Th" 'fimto litild only n .liort neaalon
mill mljotiiod until Monday.
A . H'tempt to reciiiti coimldeintloii
of the pmo food Inn hy Kenntor Hey.
bum wm defented,
Tillninn brought tlm rune of Wllllnm
II. Cr it in , the coloieil mmi nominated
for collector nt Chnrlerton, H. 0., Into
piomliiemo by nnklnit for n report from
tint e itnmltteit on jmlle nry to tho
Mfttim of rcciiMt nppoliituieut.
tlio houw lh civil neivlct com
lul l" o wiin iiil.irki"! Imckiii ol n pro
pmi.i .ii, ictiKW uf 2:1 emplnye lo con
ktitottt tint mini ounmlnliiir iMwrd,
Tin' pay of Klciincniphera to tin) Iioiiihi
coiiiuiiiteeii hnit been reduced from to,-
000 to :i,0tl() pet milium.
A proportion to iiicrenna tlm nalnry
of tho mercury ot tint civil mtrvlco
lullinilcnlcm una defeated.
Friday, December t).
Tha lioti.o patrol tho Irulilatlve, ei
ri iitlve nnd Judicial apptoprlatlon bill
nlmoat na It came from tho committed
nnd adjourned until Monday
Throughout tho nrnlon today the
policy of retrencbiiieiil held full awny,
ami nil nttempta to Increarv ealailea
failed.
The houwi pa.'etl n rerolutlnii to ad
journ December "1 until J.iniiary -I for
1 lie iiaiinl Uhrlntuina holiilny.
NO OrrCNDCB TO DC SPAKCD.
Hitchcock Will Un to the llottom of
Hie Land frauds.
WaiihltiKton, Deo. 10. An olllrlnl
atateiuent wna Riven nut hy the In
terior depaitnient today unnoiinclni;
tho KOvernment'R purpooo to proitecuto
uverv Ktnlty man in the public Imui
Irnuda to tint full extent of tlio law nml
reKardlera of poaltion in lifo. Tho
atntfineitt foi Iowa:
"lliu conviction In 1'oitlniid, Oregon,
ol live Hiraons lor laud frniula, which
will lie followed next eek by tlio trlnl
of nn vera I nthera Indicted for tint pnmo
offence, la but nnolhur atep townnt tho
coumimmntlon ol the policy cutvicd up
on by lliu secretary uf tho Interior when
It licai iiiu known nearly three yemv
ago that frauds weio being perpetrated
In connection with tho public laud, to
run down ami proaecuto tho guilty oncn
to the full extent of tho law without
regard to their poaitlun in llfo."
experts Examining liallots.
Denvor, Dec, 0. Tho ballot box
from precinct (I, waul &, wna opened
todny by order of lliu niipremo court, In
tho contempt proceedings ngalnat olll
ciala of that precinct, nnd Ita contenta
wore turned over to two handwriting
experts, who were directed to oxnuilno
tho bnllota mid report their findings to
the court tomorrow. Tim court nil
journed until tomorrow without Ita de
cision on tho qucation of lejectlng tho
entire votu of preclncta In which Ita In
junctive order wna violated. Thin
would chango tho result ot the election.
Sensation In Panama Matters.
Wnihlngton, Dec. 10. Itoprusentn
tivo Hhnckleford, of Missouri, who lino
a resolution In the houao calling for an
Investigation nf tho l'miauia rnllroud
company ociiitirod by the United States
goiermnont, is determined to forio
thiough an Investigation, If It can ho
done. 1'rlonds any ho la collecting evi
dence to show thnt n member of tho
canal commission wna n member of tho
railroad company It Is understood
thnt eome sensational charges will bo
made In demanding a reorganization of
tho pres ent canal commlsslori.
Good Roads Dill Is Reported.
Washington, Dec. 10. h'enutor I.n ti
mer, from tho committee on agiicultiiro
and forestry, today reported favorably
on the bill known as the l.ntlnior good
roads bill. It carries nn appropriation
of $24,000,000 to bo available In threo
annual InBtiillnifntuof 8,000,000 each
for road building In the states. Under
the provisions of the bill atates nro to
do tho work and guy ono-half of 'the
cost, the national government paying
the oilier half,
Will Prevent Itunnliirj Ulocliadc.
Ilorlin, Doo. 10. According to a dis
patch from Toklo to the Loknl Anzulg
er, tho placlng'of heavy cannon on 203
Motor hill will enable tlm Japanoso to
fire on and sink Junks nnd other craft
bringing supplies for I'ort Arthur from
Oliefoo,