Bohemia nugget. (Cottage Grove, Or.) 1899-1907, December 05, 1902, Image 4

Bohemia nugget., December 05, 1902, Image 4

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Newspaper Page TextE3 r i T IK OUR PRESIDENT 1 rv ! mi . AlVH fiilVVAIxL n6'cnt-the misuse of these powers, 411 MJIU 111LiJkJiiVlL "" " ' . GOSOCI Of llnnr nn.l Trl.,A,l4nt UU!pu or nope ana TrlUmniarlt Endeavor. TIMBER TllOrOUffllly 1 THE WEST capital ami Labor, Krciprocii), inuur ft rPoncslon. Psnsraa Canal, lie, Wllcly OlicuJied. AND ST0)t Tariff and TriSts Ojiflincd. IRRIGATION FOR y can uo no norm to the honest cor- sisnuaw or comrort. the standard ot P"" wivn twratlon; and we need not be over- wages of the American wage-worker. ' Above nil. we need to ruiiumiuer tender about sparing the dishonest cor- One way In .which the readjustment that any kind of cl.isa animosity in the poratlon. sought can be reached Is by reclproc- political world K If possible, even more ill Awvclsted t'rws.) In curblne nnd regulating the com- Ity treaties. It is greatly to be desired wicked, even more destructive to nn- WASliiNOTOV, Deo 2 Tho prosldeut'a blnatlons ox capital which are or may that such treaties may be adopted. Honal welfare, than sectional, race, or .,..,, ... ,lia te,.0U(i .essloii of the becomc Injurious to the public ve must They can be used to widen our markets religious animosity, e run tret Booa message to the .ecoud session ot the be careful,not ,0 s, ,he t tntcr. alld t0 ,vc a KreatCr RM for e R0Vernmnt only upon condition that flftj-sevcutli coa8ress at 1 p. m. today prises which have legitimately reduced tlvitles of our producers on the one Keep true to the principles upon in tho houso nud readliig was begun at the cost of production, not to abandon hand, and on the other hand to secure which this Nation ai founded, and once. the place which our country has won In practical shape the lowering of Judge each man nut as a part ot n Tim ii,, ,n the leadership of the international duties when they are no longer needed class, bul upon his Individual merits, i no ,ueJBc. industrial world, not to strike down for protection among our own people. All that we ho a right to ask of To the Senate and House of Itoprc- wealth with the result of closing fac- or when the minimum of damage done any man, rich or poor, whatever his sentatlvcs:' lories and mines, of turning tho wage- may bo disregarded for the sake of the creed, hit occupation, his birthplace, or We still continue In a period ot un- worker idle ln the streets and leaving maximum of good accomplished. If it his residence, Is that he shall act well bounded piosperlty. This prosperity Is the farmer without a market lor what prove Impossible to ratify the rending nnd honorably by his neighbor and by not the creature of law. but undoubted- he grows. Insistence upon the lmpossl- treaties, and If there seem to be no his country. We are neither for the ly the laws under which we work have tie means delay in achieving tho possl- warrant for the endeavor to execute rich man ns such nor for the iior man been instrumental In creating the con- ble. exactly as. on the other hand, the others, or to amend the pending treaties . such: we are for the upright man, dltlons whkh made It possible, and by stubborn defense alike of what is good to that they can be ratified, then the rich or poor. So far as the constltu unwise legislation It would be easy ana wnat is bad In the existing sys- same end to secure reciprocity tional powers ot the National Govern enough to destroy it Therj; will un- tern, the resolute effort to obstruct any should be met by direct legislation. mr nt touch these matters of general doubtedly be periods of depression, attempt nt betterment, betrays blind- Wherever the tariff conditions are am vital moment to the Notion, they The wave will recede; but the tide will ess to the historic truth thnt wise ev- such that a needed change cannot with should be exercised In conformity with udvance. This Nation Is seated on a olutlon Is the sure safeguard against advantage be made by the application lne principles above set forth, continent Hanked by two great oceans, revolution. of the-xeclproclty Idea, then It can be u t, earnestly hoped that n secretary It Is composed of men the descendants j,0 more. important subject can come made outright by a lowering of duties of commerce may be created, with a of pioneers, or. In a sense, pioneers before the- Congress than this of the on a given product. If possible, such ... ,n the Cabinet. The rapid mulll- wicinseics, ui men wiunonea oui irvm surely wrest success rrom roriune. As a people we have played a largo part In the world, and we are bent 1 n.l u-- nr h.nt upon making our future even larger lhan the past. In particular, the events of the last four years have def- inueiy aecmea mat, tor woe or lor weal, our place must be great among the nations. We may either fall great- ly or succeed greatly: but we cannot avold the endeavor from which either great failure or great success must come. Even if we would, we cannot p ay a small part. If we should try. all that would follow would be that we should p ay a large part ignobly and shamefully. But our people, the sons of the men ..uutitry uumui uuura m tu supine vii u". .unaiuu.iuji uy pruL-ucui r- in.i (Inital the gnjwtn anu complex by the energy, boldness, and love of the plea that under our peculiar syste.n perls, who should approach the subject '.. of organizations through which adventure found In their own eager 0f government we are helpless ln the from a business standpoint, having In "f c"plt .I now find ex hearts. Such a nation, SO placed. Will Drnp of ,h n.w .,IIi,m ,n,l View both the nartln.lnr lnlPrl. if. 1 ' ' T. "... .'...! of the Civil War. the sons of the men ,voud be a necessary and proper cx- thould be made In the various sched- Congress should endow tho department who had Iron In their blood, rejoice ln ercse r Congressional authority to the ules. and how far these changes could with large powers, which could be In the present and face the future high an& that such evils should be eradl- go without also changing the great creased as experience might show the of heart and resolute ot will. Ours Is not the creed of the weakling and the coward; ours Is the gospel of hope and of triumphant endeavor. Wc, do not shrink from the struggle before us. There are many problems for us to face at the outset ot the twentieth cen- tury grave problems abroad and stlU a- :. "" e kuuw uin vB -regulate comuerce with foreign na- does promote a monopoly which works new Republic, can solve them and solve them well, tlons anfl among the several statis" III. no protectionist would object to such Cuba lies at our doors, and whateve provided only that we bring to the so- through regulations anil requirements reduction of the duty as would equal- affects her for good or for 111 aflects lution the qualities of head and heart operating directly upon such com- lie competition. llM also. So much have our people felt which were shown by the men who. merce. the lnstrumentaJItles thereof. In my Judgment, the tariff on anthra- this that In the Piatt amendment we in the daya ot Washington, founded ana th:,se engaged therein. cite coal should be removed, and ,i,nnltely took the ground that Cuba this Government, and. In the days of t earnestly recommend this subject anthracite put actually, where it now mu,t hereafter have closer political re Llncoln, preserved It. to the consideration ot the Congress Is nominally, on the free list. This imions with us than with nny other No country has ever occupied a high- wUh a vlew to the passai?e of a .iW would have no effect at all save in r,wer. Thus In a sense Cuba has be er Plane of material well-being than reasonable ln Its provisions and effee- crises; but In crises It might be of ,.ome a part of our International polltl ours at the present moment. This well- tIve ,a lta operations, upon which the service to the people. system. This makes It necessary being la due to no sudden or accidental questi-ons can be finally adjudicated Interest rates are a potent factor In thnt in return she should be given force. f'ln th . rnnPt f, 'nLVT'" ,hat ,,0'v ralse doubt a" to the 3ec"- bair" activity, and in order that iome of the benefits of becoming part thls1country t0T ,ve.r a.cen: slty of consUtutlonal amendment. It these rates may be dualized to meet (lf (,eur economlc system. It Is. from continued policies': aboveall "to lhe " r,rVO lmP0S8lbIe t0 accomplish the the varying needs of the seasons and our 8tandpont. a short-sighted m I i-Sr.i? "ove all. to the pui -poses above set forth, by such a law, of widely separated communities, and nd mchevous policy to fall to recog- ye zAxt rn,To,yflTfft: ?iHBHw s : &&r'& Pea'e"'Ure XTV! liosefthrlfstarTd most sue- ZZfZVJTZ3 Incident to action which has benefited mien nas oenentea the community as a se lore nas material weu-Deing Deen so widely diffused among our people. Great fortunes have been accumulated, and yet ln the aggregate these fortunes are small Indeed when compared to the wealth ot the people as a whole. The plain people are better oft than they have .ever been before. The Insurance Tiarn?flW.i?,if!Jlr m ,1 !nV,Cl 'i6 Pecta"' he'P- fn, Lm, ..?..m ?te ?n7rwPre sent accumulations of capital which are Tm0rneteJn,rB!.',t 'u fh,fh ""I''- T,! i?"t,2!P. ltB'n,the vlngs: i.i. . . Sin,H ,r!J., , m8' m.Z '?2iT; k V" lhl' Sw'"tir oT'JZ.ZVJ? JZ favored the ow.h 72 ,llt ,IJZ ? . m Sh ' at was good, they have also favored some. what iho n-m.wh f .i,.. .. -,.ii t, 7, eminentw nln. ?h.T LLJJ endeavor ti o ThL vha. ? ?,. 1. , evil, but et us not fn flxlneour 1 SrTth eJnforSet tht r L ,Z are reafand ,? .JmV.l are real ana some of them are menac- Ing but thev are. the nillirrnivlh nnl nr ,'' ln; n"rtt ' J? , w! n Sr of the nrocress nf nnr ii.n7i rVn dustrlal deveDment Thlsnstrlai SmMt mA be checked bul side Thy side with It 15ld t il progressive reflation aS win MmMfo the ev'ls Wehoim fall in o dut tM.WwS?? oui we snau succeea oniy ir we proceed patiently with nractical common sense, i. "m oompeution a rair now tn secure lair r some similar metnou snouiu nc cm tm TMTtowta?t& "os; and thla end cannot be reached fo. labor und for caplt.M. how to hold , , , ,, of war to ,, dlmcul. good from the bad and holding on to L any ,tarltt changes u-hlch would at- In -.heck the unscrupulous man. wheth- , ,,etween Hvlllzed natons, although th , former whll endeavoring tS get unf"orably all domestic compel- er . smployer or employe, without weak- t ,np worI(, hB not progressed rid of thTlatter. enacavorme 10 eet "ors, good and bad alike, The question enli IH Individual Initiative, wlthou gufc,enUy t0 rcn(lfr ,t possible, or net In my Message to the present Con- tmmhl i?eiin,he 17" iV3"?. aplrt harr TW,nB Td.Tm nn.rl." nrob. essurlly desirable, to Invok? arbitration gress at Its first session I discussed at aT Km.qncf,lon of talrlft "v'8'0"- devt ilopment of the country, Is a prob- , Th formatlon ot the fength the quesK nInabl "'i' ' omle policy must m fraught with great a" "a international tribunal which sits at those biff corporations commonly doing ma LnVe e??mi? n?'d f one hlch 1 ' 0t , be bif nltvP?nd Tho ""BU n event of good omen an Interstate business, often with somf b.3n Jhtallllllir. ""L"14 n0t nnce .,2.8?lv " ' Jl f -.'a ct from which great consequences for the tendency lo monopoly, which are pop- E lhe J. ? B0BlitS h" .C" fur-S TmZ , "thi. h L era ' " manklntl may flow. It ularly known a. trusts. The expert- tWeZitt JtrZ ,0t lhe PJ?lT aev.oi n't'.inTi. Kxactlv ' ''et,er' wher" P08sll)le' to lnvok" ence ot the past year has emphasized, untold w.P,,Ct P.ifi 14 8 e"eed of fflJ c,r,lllon and cm. b "a 1 ' nJ't attln ucl1 Permanent tribunal than to In my opinion, the desirability of the aC"',? lenr a'.th'3 Wtem should be as bu rfness men find hey must oftin arbitrators for n given atens I then Dronosed A fundamental ae8,ryei1 f that lbere should be vlo- work Uirough corporations, and as It tMtSSSAbl 'pTAexneriaednca,BhhnfmB?n tthere'n; Ur " a C Mrtant nJHTM "Tn matter of sincere conrntul- standard of Individual enegy and ex- Seritn tw " w hat ,ercat pros- n,lon8 " fT ,l",BJ, Lr,m " Vo 1 hi ' enuntry that the United cellence: but this Is in no wise Incon- VVnX "T"' f ltoMtenZ lm- 8lntp" unu Moxlco 'hou,d "ave Blslent wh power to act In combln. ""uutrS SannSt n' S'hmn, fed?ra w!:,a" moaern intlustrlal 'ho first to ue the good oillces of The atlon for alms which cannot so well be tariff changes ft inrervni. I',01"" lXu?a,Zt?rtUiv$M. Kogue Court. This was done last aum- achieved by the Individual acting Moreover - If the 'tortff law. J hni S-whor ro de f much good "nd mer with most satisfactory results In alone A fundamental base of civ- workweli, and If hS as a n 5CfiXM hp of nt IHMllcm is the luvlplablltty of fd under them Mid lY prosperil." It Is So evl U .Opposition to eaP, Kind of us and our property! but this la tn no wise In- better to endure for a time alight In- orgaiili ration should take the form ot earnest y to bo hoped that t ils first cpnalstcnt with tho right ot society to conveniences and Inequplltles In tymv oppo a t lU "o whatever Is bad In tho case will acrvo as a precedent for rceu)(c the exercise of the artificial powrVshlch It confer upon the own- craf properly undty the name of cor. nosVe franchlseVm such a way as rrporatlons, and espetlally comblna r. " - ,., ...... yvons or. corporations, enuum mj imj.- aged, under public regulation. KPC- rleneo has shown that under our sya- tern of government the nccessarysuper- vllon cftnnot bc otalnca' ' ,nle nc- t0ni ,t mu,t therefore be achieved by nnttonal action. Our aim Is not to do ii a r tvlfh rnrnnrAttnlS! on lhf rnn. i...t-- Haa filer nfferpnltnnit nr.. nn Inevitable development ot modern In- permit us from lime to time to make rul,'a f obedience to tho law, of indl dustrlallsm. and the effort to desiro: :.e ne essnry : eamitlcnilon of the nrln. I '" freedom, ml of.iusllic- nn 1 fair i nunc them would be futile unless accom- uple to the shifting national needs. We V.illiig toward jdi. rtch unouu re LANUb pllshed In ways that would work the must take scrupulous cart. thst the r. member that In addllMn to power it nlmnil mUt-Mef In .he nnllfn hn,lt entire body ilng of good ihd supervls- politic We can do nothing Inr- lh rvirrvr,rillnn. until n-r clwlrIy ln our m,nds thnt Vl"c are not attacking the corporations, but endeav- orlng to do away with any evil ln them. We are not hostile to them; w arc merely determined that they shall be so handled as to subserve the public good. We draw the line against mis- conduct, not against wealth. Tho cap. Itallst who. nlnne nr in roninnrtim. ,.,... w ,.i.h "v. " when he does well. We wish to oui,,;?c itim i-umru! nis nciiuns only to prevent him from doing ill. Public- regulation ot interstate business. This unable to craonl with them or to cut out whatever of evil has arisen in con- . ... .. "T . nectlon with them. The power of the congres,, to regulate intirsute com- merCe te absolute ana unauanfied srant, and wlthout Um,tation. other than those prescribed by the Constltu- tUm. Tne congress has constitutional authority to make all laws necessary aa proper for executing this power, ... t . t .. , .L . ..i . , - ...ii juiiiaucU 11141 1111S UUHCi una noi been exhaustc-d by any legislation now on the statute books. It is jvident. therefon-. that evils restrictive ot coin- merclal freedom and entalllns restraint upon national commerce fall within ,be resulatlve power of the Congress, -v-nrl th.n n -u-u. nni ninni.).i. .- cated. I bellere -that, monopolies, unjust dls- criminations, nhlch prevent or cripple competition, fraudulent overcapltallsa- tlon. unit nlhnf ovlla In trust nrr-Alllrjl- tlons and -practices which Injuriously affect Interstate trade can be nrsvent- ed under '..he power of the Congress to Lh.e.Cn haf. inaue any appropriation lor ine oetier ..1 r ih i, ., it with his fellows, ivcrforms some great elent rnte of duty to more than cover attitude or wiur mi industrial feat by which he wins money the difference between the labor cost toward the other. ! e-.x people "Mint Is a welldoer, not n wrongdoer, provld- here and abroad. The well-being of t"" uf th.c country tlur. those rcpre- ed only he works In nroner nii.l IpcHI. the waire-worker. ilk. th u-ll.h.lni- of sentatlvcs both of Mpltai anil lanor fij by t.e nenarlment nf .nrniu .eciir. ing the enforcement of this law, but quate to supply the needs of our dl much more could be done If Congress versified Industries and of our domes would make a special appropriation for tic and foreign commerce; and the is this purpose, to be expended un der the sue of this should be so regulated that ifllrAntlnn nt . V. A ........ r. . , . . . ... ..I .... . .......... I. , . i ! 1 1.. .1 ! n-.' . ....u Aiwuiquciitnu. Treductlo, 'oj the tariff a. a . tneans f the -which fall within the category I have eribed. Not.merely would thita be Tivhnliv iniro.uT. t,,..u. inn nrAnno I nn n A -I 1 . eltoris In such a direction would mean the abandonment of nil intelll- "lean lne aDanaonment of nil lntelll- Kent attempt to do away with lliese ev"a - Many of the largest cOTporatl.ms, ma?y .of h08 whlch should certalrtly- be lnc,Me$ y proper scheme f "gulatlon,fwould not be affected In th e ni... .t . . u' "X a cnange in ui e 8ave 08 such chan Interfere. 1 1t'Uh ,he eeneraI Prosperity of tb country. The only relation of the tar- t0 blff C0W" Wj a whole is that the tariff makes manufactures profitable, and- the. tariff remedy pro- nose.i wnni,i . . ,.. . ' Diiiii'iy ii make manufactures unprofitable. To 1moy '"e tariff as a pu nltlve measure dCcted asalnst trusls woullJ Inevit- b ?. reSU,J ,n ruIn to lbe weak" Pf1" ore struggling against lh.em- Ur lm 8houIa be not un- V. tarJft chanKes to lve torel V pruoTucrshaurbrfonj.,&" i .. . " schedules than to upset business by too quit nnl too radical changes. It Is most cnrnorlly to bo wished that wo 10 roum trust me inrin irom tho stnnil- point solely of our business needs. It - , Pt'rhnps, ton muchto hope that par ,f...i,i -........ ....... ....... nitty u ciiun-ty vxciiiucil from consideration of tho subject but at least It can be made secondary to the business Interests of the country that 10 ,hc Interests of our people as a whole. Unquestionably these business Interests ests will best bo served it together harmony with the Interest of the gen Hxily of principle as regards the t'ubllc: and the tvnduet of ench Willi llxl Inrlft ill. en...!...., . ....... ......... nniillmtl.,1, V.. ...... i. . application shall be made ln such a way that it will not amount to a dislocation ot our system, the mere threat of vvhlKh ........ ... anc woulJ Produce irUysls In the business energies of the community. The llrst consideration tn making these changes would, of course, be to preserve the principle which underlies our whole isrllt system-thai Is. the principle ot putting American business Interests t 'cast on n full iquallty with Interests abroad. nn.I nr .i.v.v .iir....inn ...in. ih. nn.r .,.!,.. ... . "r.'i as an essential In shaping our whole vruiiuniii; jjuiicj-. incrc must never D any change which will Jeopardise the change should be made only after the fected and the commercial well-belne of the people as a whole. The machinery for providing such careful Investigation . . ... . ... .... can readily be supplied. The executive department has already at Us disposal methods of collecting facts and figures: and If the Congress desires additional consideration to that which will be given the subject by its own commlt- tees, then a commission of business cx- Mn i.A ... i ..... t .... ,. 1 o .tjJinJllllVU iviiusi; UU.J i should be to recommend action by the Congress after a deliberate and sclcn- title examination of the various sche- dules as they are- affected by the changed nnd changing conditions. The unhurried and unbiased report of this commission ivnnM hn.v uih.ii prosperity which this country Is now enjoying, or upsetting Its flxed econo- mlc policy. The cases In which the tariff can pro- dUPf n mononnlv nr bo f civ na In rnn- stltute nn inconsiderable factor in the question; but ot course If ln any case it be found that a given rate of duty SL are ine natural servants oi commerce, .n,i th.m .t.m,M t. niai-e.i. . far Inir and mnlntnlnlne .1 circulation ade u .uKu.jr ..uu.u u o nun lnt.1. IUn V.i.-Trm. IntaFball ,he countr?. It would be both untvlse and unnec essary at this time to attempt to re- csnstruct our financial system, which Z.' .v. ,k . t.i some additional legisIatfeiTls, I t'hlnk. desirable. The mere outline of any desirable. The mere outline or any plan su.nclently comprehensive to meet these requirements would transgress the approbate limits of this commun- Icatlon. It Is suggested, however, that all future legislation on the subject . : " ....... snouic be wun ine view ui uib- ing the use Ot such Instrumentalities as will automaUIcally supply every le- gitlmate demand of productive Indus- tries and of corrrmerce. not only In the amount, but in the chatactcr of clrcu- inton; and of mnking all kinds of .m n,i m ih win iiiunejr iiiicrunaiiKi of the holder, convertible Into the cs- tabllshed gold standard, I again call your attention to the need "t PB " PPr- Immigration law. covering the points outlined In my "e8Sa8e t0 you at l"e se"'" t he present Congress; substantially Mc,Labmha" a,rmdy paMei the . ... niiir conduct uf any giver, corporation or union-nut of attiiihs upon corpora lions its such nor upon Unions its such; r nmt m im.- . .'.,,, etlccnt work for our tropic hns boen accomplished through loth corporations .....i .ii, t-M.-h mint refrain mini ...--.-. - - . : " arbitrary or tyrannous inieiiureiite '' rl",,,!' ot "'"J. ,h'r'II"u,?I capital and organised labor alike should remember that In tho Ui i tn l,J.'"' "rest of each must be brought Into i mil!)! conform tl ilW must StrlV'.l llftd- tile rOIXIISllllOI'. (If "' slrKo "f'cr "e real s: H". healthy. .fj""0 ' J.'.Vi?' Kry employer, nvery w:ige-worl.or, must b KIMrnn'PM 111 IHITty nlUt III rllu 10 IV0 l,ko,,.,?'"n, prty ,,r M 'bor , f.'1 ot '' """iiks uin : ''"" v ' " 7 " ,,f ths hlslij st I npoili mr lli.U 'n.My.T and em n u ins appie.l..i ea.h the Uo Miolnt : 1,10 0,her l,nJ. "V" ? " ... 0," "tu"1 ,ullJ. 1 , , ,f V either grows to I R habltuil an and there are many !!IVim!STwX " " ... :. , dom and upon broad aim umuiv sym- t..lton 0f questions affecting labor i ... ' .....i ... ,n' V.1 ., cor- tlUmilOnS. ilUU Uir ...,. uc.u. ........ Ilia M.-nnili.rrill Atrl(ltS ,hl . Vountrv toward leadership In rAe7n?lonV ''' I,?, ?i,mind for theTreMlo. r nn "rK e, t' 'm"n L, ?!,kMv on of such a iMMltlon. Suhstanliaily an the leading commercial bodies In this country have untied In requesting Its . rentlon. It Is desirable that some such measure ns that which has already ...... .......I l,,tn li.l- f"""ed lhe, Sen!l,Xe he enacted Mo w. The creation of such a department oulJ be ,Jancc dealing with and exercising supervls- "n over the whole subject of the great corporations doing an Interstate bul- ness: and with this end in view, tne need. I hope soon to submit to the Senate a reciprocity treaty with Cuba. On May 20th last the United States kept Its tirnmlil to the Island by formally Va- eating Cuban soil and turning Cuba over to those whom her own people had chosen as the first officials of the .rSlura' hewing hand io a , .,. .., i.ii. i..ai slst upon our rights In the face of the strong, and wo should with ungrudging hand do our generous duty by tho weak" I urge the adoption of reciprocity with i"uba not only because It Is eminently inl.ro.l. In .-nntr,.! lhe ' 1 ' I UUI . - ... Cuban market and by every moans to foster our supremacy In the tropical "1 "! so1utn, of u"- 'u,,n' because we. of the giant rpub Ic of the north should make all our sister na- Hons of the American CtAtlnent feel that whenever they will permit It we " deslr and. A, fiesire 10 snow ourseives uimuuviciuo effectively their friend. mnvonllnn with Ornftt Hfltaltl ll.'lfl been concluded, which will be nt once l..ld before the Senate for ratification, ir.,i. .mm... r""ui irvu. ments between the United States and Newfoundland on substantially the lines of the convention formerly ne- KOtlated by the Secretary of State, Mr. niaine. I believe reciprocal trade re- ,tlons will be greatly to the advant- , wh ,,..i. vv......v. As civilization grow grows warfare be comes less and less tho normal condi tion of foreign relations. The last century hns seen a marked diminution of wars between civilized powers; wars with uncivilized powerM arc largely mere matters of international police duty, essential for the welfare of the world. Wherever possible, arbitration "" " such who woik others, In which net only the Unllcil tjtutrs but fornlgn nations may lake advantage of the machinery already In existence, ut The Hague. 1 rommend tn the favorable consid eration of the Congress tho Hawaiian lire clalmi, which were the subject of careful Investigation during the last session. The Coiigrcs has wisely provided " u wt .hall b'llld nt once an Isthmian .nnl, If possible nt I'aunmn, Tin 'itorney General reports that we can undoubtedly acquire good title from the Trench l'anama canal company. Ne gotiation are now pending with Co lombia to secure her assent to our building the rnnal. Thin rana'l will be one of the greatest engineering feats of tho twentieth century, a grear en gineering feat than has yet been ac complished during the history ot man kind. The work should be carried nut as n continuing policy without regard to change ot administration; and It should bo begun under circumstances which will make It a matter of pride for nit administrations to continue lhe policy. The canal will be of groat benefit to America, and of Importance tu all tlm world. It will be of advantage In us Industrially and also as Improving our military position. It will be or advant age to the countries of tropica I Amer ica. It Is earnestly to be hoped that all of these countries will do as some of them have already done with signal success, and will Invito to their shores commerce nnd Improve their material conditions by recognising that stabil ity and order are the prerequisites of successful development. No Independ ent nation In A tool ten need have the lightest fear of aggression from the I'nlted States. It behooves each one to maintain order within Its own borders and to discharge Its Jutt obligations to foreigners.. When this Is done, they can rest assured that, be they strong or weak, they hne nothing to dread from outside Interference. More and more the Increasing Interdependence and complexity of International poli tical and economic relations render It Incumbent on all civilised and orderly powers lo Insist on the proper policing of the world. Poring the fall of 1901 a coinmunl cullon was addressed to the Secretary of Slate, asking whether permission would be granted by the Tresldent In a corporation lo lay a cable from n point on the California coast to the Philippine Islands by way of Itawall. A statement of conditions or terms upon which such corporation would un dertake to lay nnd operate a, cable was volunteered. Inasmuch ns the Congress was short ly to convene, and Pacific cable legis lation had been the subject of con sideration by the Congress for sever.il years, it seemed to me wise to defer action upon the application until the Congress had first an opportunity to act. The Congress adjourned Iwlthoiit taking any action, ealng the) mallei ln exactly the same condition lo which It rtood when the Congress convened. Meanwhile It appears that the Com mercial Pacific Cable Company had promptly proceeded with preparations for laying Its cable. It also made ap plication to the President for nccess to and use of soundings taken by the U. S. S. Nero, for the purpose of dls xiverlng a practicable route for a irans-Pacllle cable, the coinpsny urg ing that with access to Ihese soundings It could complete lis cable much sooner than if It were required to take sound ings upon Its own account. Pending consideration of this subject. It ap peared Important and desirable lo at tach certain conditions lo the per mission to examine and use the sound. Ings. If It should be granted, In consequence of this solicitation of lhe cable company, certain condltloa were formulated, upon which the Presi dent was Milling to allow access to these soundings and to consent to the landing and lilng of the cable, sub ject to nny alterations or additions thereto Imposed by the Congress. This w.is deemed proper, especially as It was clear that a cable connection of some kind with China, a foreign country, was a part of the company's plan. This i oursv was. moreover. In accordance with n line of precedents. Including President Oram's action In .the case of the first French cable, explained tn the Congress In his Annual Message of December, 1875, and the Instance oc curring In 1873 of the second Krench cable from nrest to St. Pierre, with a brnnch to Cape Cod. These conditions prescribed, among other things, a maximum rate for com mercial messages and that the company should construct a line from the Philip pine Islands to China, there being at present, a Is well Known, a Ilrltlsli line from Manila to Hongkong. Tho representatives nf tho fable company kept these conditions long un der consideration, continuing, In the meantime, to prepare for laying the i-ible. They have, however, at length .needed to them, ami nn nil-American line between our Pacific coast and the Chinese Umpire, by way of Honolulu and the Philippine Islands, la thus pro vlded for, and is expected within a few months to be ready for business. Among the conditions Is one reserv ing the power of the Congress to modi fy or repeal any or all of them. A copy of the conditions Is herewith transmitted. Of Porto Itlco it is only necessary tn s.iy that the prosperity of the Island and the wisdom with which It has been governed have bten such ns to make It serve as on example of all that Is best In Insular administration. On July 4th last, on the one hundred and twenty-sixth anniversary of tho declaration of our Independence, pence and amnesty were promulgated In the Philippine Islands. Some trouble has since from time to time threatened with the Mohammedan Moros, but with the late insurrectionary Filipinos tho war hns entirely ceased. Civil gov einment has now been Introduced. Not only does each Filipino enjoy such rlghtn to life, liberty nnd the pursuit of happiness ns he hns never before known during the recorded history of the Islands, but the people taken as n whole now enjoy a measure of self government greater than that granted to any other Orientals by any foreign power and greater than thnt enjoyed bv any other Orientals under their own governments, save the Japanese alone. We have not gone too far In granting these rights of liberty nnd self-government; but we have certainly gone tn tho limit that In tho Interests of the Philippine' people themselvea It was wise or Just to go. To hurry matters, tn go faster than wo nro now going, would entail calamity on the people of the Islands. No policy over entered Into by the American people linn vlndl cated Itself In more signal manner than the policy of holding the Philippines. The triumph of our arms, nbove nil the , triumph of our laws nnd prlnrlntes, hns come sooner than we had any right to expect. Too much praise cannot he given tu (he army for what It bus done in the Philippines both In warfare and rrom nn administrative standpoint In piupnrlug tho way for civil itovern nmrt: and similar credit belongs lo the civil authorities for the 'ay In which ihey have planted the. "t " ' ' government In tho grounl tlms made ready for Ihcin. Tho courage, the un fllmhlng endurance, the high soldierly etllclcncy, nnd the general kind-heart-adnos nnd humanity ot our troop have bevn atrlktngly mAiilfvited. There now remain only loins fifteen thouiand troops In the Islands. All told, over one hundred thousand have been sent there. Of course, there have been In dividual Instances ot wrongdoing among them. They warred under fear ful difficulties nf climate and surround lugs, and under th strain of the ter rible provocations which they contluil it 1 1 received from their foes, invasion al liislauces of cruel retaliation oc curred. Kvery effort has been made; to prevent such cruellies, and finally these efforts have been completely suc cessful. Kvery effort has also been made to delect and punish the wrong doers. After making nil allowance for these misdeeds, It remains true that few Indeed have been the liistniicrs In which war has been waged by a civil lied power against seinl-clvlllxed or turli.iioiis forces where there has been so little wrongdoing by the victors ns In the Philippine Islands. On the other hand, the amount of dlltlcult, Import ant, and beneficent work which has been done Is well-ijlgh Incalculable. Taking the work of the army and the civil authorities together, It may be questioned whether nnv'wlierc else In modern limes the world has seen n letter example of real constructive statesmanship than mtr people have given In the Philippine. Inland. High praise should also be given those Fili pinos. In the aggregate very numerous, who have arcepled the new conditions nnd Joined with our representatives to work with hearty good will for the welfare of the Islands. The army has been reduced lo the minimum allowed by law. It Is very small for the size uf the Nation, and most certainly should be kept nt the highest point of etllclcncy. The senior nlllcers are given scant chance under ordinary conditions tu exercise com inamU commensurate with their rank, tinder circumstances which would III them lo do their duty In time of actual tv.ir. A system of maneuvering our Army in bodies of some little site has I 'i n begun and should be steadily coo llnued. Without such maneuvers It Is folly to expect that In the event of hos tilities with any serious foe even a small nrmy corps could be handled to i dvantage. Ilotli nur ottlcers and en listed men are such that we cm take h arty pride In them. No better ma terial can bn found. Hut they must be thoroughly trained, both ns individuals ..ml In the in.isi. The marksmanship of the men must r reel ye special atten tion. In the circumstances of modern warfare the man must act far more on Id own individual responsibility than ever before, and the high individual lllclency of the unit Is of the utmost Importance. Formerly this unit was tie regiment: it Is miw not the regi ment, not even the troop or company; it Is the Individual soldier. Kvery ef f irt must be made to develop every workmanlike and soldierly quality In Ixith the officer and the enlisted man. I urgently call your nttmtlon to the need of passing a bill providing for a general staff and for the - -i itanlzatloii nf the supply departments on lhe lines of the bill proposed by the Hec-.-tary uf War last e.ir. Wh-q the young ottl i era enter the nrmy fmm West Point they probably stool iiIhi... Ibel- mm peers In nny other mllll irv- ocril.-i Kvery effort should be mole. I train ing, by reward of merit by scrutiny Into their rareeiH niul . n.iclly, to keep them of the same high relative excel lence throughout their careers. The measure piovlding for the re organization nf the militia system and fur securing Id highest efficiency ln the NallniMl (.liurd. which his ulrenly passed the limine, ahnuld receive prompt attention nnd action. It is nf gre.it Importance that the relation of the National Ou.ird lo lbe militia and volunteer forces ot the United States should be defined, and that In place of our present obsolete laws n practical and efficient system should be adopted. Provision should be made In enable Hi,. Secretary of War to keep cavalry and artillery horses, worn-out In long performance of duty. Such horses fetch but a trifle when sold, and rather than turn them out lo the misery walling them when thus disposed of. It would be belter to employ Ihein nt light work around the pasts, nnd when i ecessary to put them painlessly to death. For the first time In our history rival maneuvers on a large scale are ielng held under the Immediate com mand of the Admiral of the Navy, ''onstantly Increasing attention Is be ing paid to the gunnery of the navy, eit It Is yet far from what II should he. I earnestly urge that the Increase inked for by the Secretary of the Navy In the appropriation for Improving the marksmanship be granted. In battle Hie only shots that count are the fihats that hit. It Is necessary t.i provide i.nple funds for practice with the -rent guns In time of peace. ' Tip se nils must provide not only for the "irrh.tse of piojectlles, but for allow ances for prizes to encourage the gun i -ews, especially the gun pointers, and for perfecting an Intelligent system under which alone It Is possible to get good j.rnrtlce. There should be no halt In the work of building up tho navy, providing every year additional Hthtlng craft. We are a very ilih ci""try, vast In ex lent of territory nn' gtenl In popula tion; a country moreover, which hns nn army diminutive Indeed when com pared with thnt of "iiy oilier (Irst claKH power Wo have dellh"r itly made our o vn rortiiln foreign polh les which de mand the possession nf a first class navy. The Isthmian canal will great ly Increase the efficiency of our navy If the navy Is of sufficient size; but If we havo an Inadequate navy, then the building nf the cnnnl would be merely giving a hostage to nny power of su perior strength. The Monroe doctrine should be treated ns the cardinal fea ture of American foreign policy; but It would be worse than Idlo to assert It unless we Intended to bark It m-inil It can he backed up only by n thor oughly gooil navy. A good nnvy Is not a provocative of war. It Is tho surest guaranty of peace. Kach Individual unit of our navy should be the most efficient of Its kind ns regnrds both matcrlnl nnd personnel that Is to he found In the world. I call your special attention to tho need of providing for the manning of the shlpa. Serious trouble threatens us It wo cannot do better than we are now doing nn regards securing the services of a sufficient number of the highest type ot sallwmen, of sea mechanics. The veteran seamen of our wstshlps lilt' ut an high n (y,,,, s ,, , futind ii any navy which rides the. walera of the win ,l; they nr.. unsurpassed In daring, ,1,, resolution. ' readiness, thorough knowledge nf ttitlr ,.'f(.". " """'v Min ..,Bt.i,, !' " iul tline nr i.o .iioUKl.oftUe.il. II u no moi ,.!! slbl. o Improvise a uw , ' ,4 Km " i 'n """ruv" wi.,,1 lp To build the nn.it ship, with ll Ueudll ws batuty. und to ..d It n raw urw, no hunter how brave tl ev duster 'irr' rUld " " ' ' . suster If a foe of itvemge cHimi.ty weie encouiiteied. Neither shiT . in, K, '"I'rovU.M wlien" !;; Z ,jrVnr'.,!,,','U,',ml '"lilltlonai ..m now r Xl , t "rU"7'y ,,,n "! Itm T. . . .. r ,"",, "''struc. Ion. lhe classes nl the imvaj school ue . A lh satno llle ?, J ho, I Z .. l' """" "l0 tlco.ne.it of those at th,, head of tlio Hal whose ".'fulness has bee,,,,,, ,,?, " 1. To! .'. lion must He rostered if the VtZ Is to be ,ept elMrlchl. wrvi.i. , ';., '"""nt.tl.le scarcity of iU,.,r. mid the laiuo mini!,,.,. .'..." .' "f unskilled aboard the vi i fi i hub mill "en ueceasnilly pm new vessels ,.s Hi.v nave been couimlsBliined. has thrown on ,..7.,... TZV' I"1.'1 ""I'S'lally "P"ii our nfllce.s Minri) strained their Powers nr ei. llllV.. lltM. played mi abllltv no. l ,. ........ , .. . PirilUIHll ii"i which chillies Iheni o II... ungiudglng thanks tf who ,Vll,. lhe disheartening trials ,inl fullgue,. Jelled'' '' ""'''""''V fllb- Then, in not a cloud on lhe horlron at present. Them seems not tr,, ,i;,t si cha,,,.,. r trouble with a foreign power. We most ewtmtlv hune thnt l lis stall- of things tuny continue; en' the way . insure its continuance la to provide fur n thoitiughly ilclent nnvy rin refuul to mnintiiiii .ii..h. u navy would Invite i,b ,, ,f xrail)lr came vtoul.' In.. ..e ,iis..i,.r. I'.uuou" seir-cunipbirenc) or vanity, or she.rt HlKhl.ilni.ss in refusing to prepare f..r danger. Is both foolish q,l w l.-k-'t In such a nation hk ours, ind past eapu. icine has shown thai such fatuity in refusing to rts.iM.iiiD or prepsrr f a any crisis In advance Is usually .Ue. reeded by mad iianir ,,f fiyiterltul fear once the crisis has ii.-tuitly m rlved. The striking liii rease it. th.- revenue "f the Postolllce DeiKirtu.-n: shows clearly the prosperity ,,r our people and lhe l.trrt'iutlug activity of the business of tho country. The receipts . .' i',e '..iUMc Depart ment or the rural viur ending ,un JOth lust amounted to $WI,sn,oi:.i'0, nn Increase of llo.sili.s83.jr7 vr the pre ceding year. the largeit Increase known in the history of tho postal service. The magnitude of this Increase will bout appeal .friiin the tan thai the entire postal receipts for the ye.ir 1190 amounted tu but JS.StS.0G7. llurtil free delivery service is no longer In tl uperlmciital stage: it Ii.ih become a fixed iollcy. The results In! lowing Its luirtKtiiitliiii huv fully Jus tified the i-ongr" in Hi- l.ir appro Print.. .ns un,'.. r i 'is stabllslimt'til nnd et, ,i ,. , , ,t j.,.ry . aci in ,.m i, i , . . tn . rural istr.cls of the tummy w about two cr tent. We are nuw ,tll. by ,k.uil lesulls, In show that wher. lurnl free delivery service lias been established lo such un extent as to sintbl.i us to make comparisons the yenrlv Increase bus been upwaid of ten per cent. On November 1, IJeuse. ll.tAu uiral rrve delivery routes had been established ind were In operation, covering iibjut one-third of the territory of th United Stairs .vvallable for rural froe delivery s-rvlce. There are now awaiting the action of the Depai tment pe.i'loim and i.ppllatllonr. for the cstablixhiui-ut u 10,744 Jdilltlonil rout". This sliowi. conclusively the want which the estilj. Ilshment ot the service h.ts nut mid the iic.u of further extending Is (is rapidly a possible. It Is justified both by th" tlnanrlal results und by the pr.ictir.il benefits to nur tjral popula tion, It brings th.. men who live on the soil Into ilus.. illations with tin. active business would; It keeps lhe fanner. Ill d.tlly touch with the market it is a potential cil'ieallornl force p. en .' .ii.. s .he slue of far... p.operty, ri.ikei. farm life far plouaanter und tesrt Isolated, and will do much t i ehw .. the undesirable ci.rrttiit ft un country to city. It Is to be liotH-d Hint the Congrats will make llljfr.il appropi-.'iiii, fi.i the continuance of the service alieul, established und lor Its further e ten sion. Few subjects of more ImiMiitjiu r I. ive been takuii uu bv the I'oiig.ess In recent years than the Inauguration 'l the syatei.t nf natlonally-alded Iril v. nil ii foi the arid regions of the fur West. A good beginning therein hot. been made. Now that tills policy of national irrigation li.u hwo.i .idupwd, the need nf thorough anJ sclentplc forest protection will grow more ,. Mi ldly than tvur .thioughout tho luilihi -land stati-s. legislation iihould be pruvld. l f i tho protectlop or tho game, and the' wild creituies generally, on the forest reserves. The sftiseleaH slaughter of game, which can by Judicious pmUi tlon be pennnnently preMrved on tut national reserves for the people as A whole, should be stopped at once. H Is, for Instance, a serious count against nur national good sense to iwiuill lhe present practice of butchi'riug olT such n stalely and beautiful credture na the t lU for Its antlers or tusks. Kn far as thoy an available for igrl cultiire, and to whuluver extent, they may be reclaimed under tho national Irrigation law, the remaining public lands should be held rigidly for the home builder, the settler who lives on hN land, und for no one else. In their actual u.te the dctierl-l.iud law, tlx timber and stone law, and the coin .mutation clause of the homestead law huvu been ho perverted from the Inten tion with which they wero euuvled as to permit tho uciluUlllon of large incus of the public domain for other than actual iit-ttlers nnd the continent prevention f settlement. Moreover, the approaching - exhauHtlon of the public rangea hoiH of, late led to much discussion iui to the best manner of using these public) InndH In tho Wct which arc suitable chlelly or only fin grazing. Thu Bound und istendy devel opment of tho Went depends unon tho building up of homes therein. Much of our prosperity an u nation linH been duo to the nperntloti1 of tho homestead law. On the other hand, wo qhould Coucludou1 on next pat-o, u, ,mi ,!, become rained and skillful In their ,Ut..s I., heso.dlltluiltles Incident up n Ul velopment r mr wnr , " all our olllcers has be,,, cre.lllahl . ,. , service ami the lleute,,,,,,, ,,,, i K.iuice ... thirlli.ulnt.