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About Bohemia nugget. (Cottage Grove, Or.) 1899-1907 | View Entire Issue (May 2, 1902)
Bohemia Nugget jiowaiid HKNiir, publisher. COTTAPAgRPyg- 'OREGON. Twohpads ro not better than one If tho baby buggy in't built for twin. Cuba baa u boatcn all to piece In the matter of selection of an Inaugura tion day. A Western man camo to bl death trying to kick a cat off hi porch. The moral I aufflclcntly options- Love and Smuhlno aro grocer ai Johnstown, Pa. Formerly It was Love, Sunshine & Joy, but Joy nd. Our fellow citizens- In Luzon arc catching on rapidly. Out of a possible eighty-four Votes In Balanga, eighty nine were cj!LeajSt When Miss Susan B. Anthony say thero are too many children born Into the world, she has reference more par tlcutarly to boys. We shall reserve tho right to take our own time In assimilating that story about llussoll Ssge losing a quarter of a million dollar. The doctrine may be restated so as to convey the Idea that all the good children do not die young, but that all who die young are good children. oa - The Sultan has Issued an order pro hibiting gambling In his dominions. Tho Bulgarians will not care. They operate only on a sure money basis. In view of the fact that she Is now at liberty to do as she pleases It Is no more than right to commend Mis Ellen M. Stone for making so little noise. In Japan It Is.alway the rule of po liteness to pay aMrlnc more than the aum mentioned oa'your hotel bill. Here It would be considered a form of In curable Insanity,,,-? The world hasfSO.OOO.OOO artificial teeth act In Its'fsce every year. Sup pose each monthiclilins ten of them, that would fit out(3,000,000 grandpas o they can nibble little piece of com fort off of their pings. Thnt there are. some things worse than war Is farther demonstrated by Mr. Moody's remsrk that we have saved In a single 'yea 'n Cuba more lives from deathiby pestilence than were lost on both sides In the conflict with Spain. A rstfier striking fact, that. 4$ T l. 'u anil Ok.. Kl"" i-iial proposition is arm ''re tu those who know ni.at water tranipi nation Has doue for the Nnrthwem. Cheaper freighting between the l-atce Superior mine and Pltttbn would mean efcsuper stool products, and kpr real rhh tb I'WMplrae ' bum would mean a rluct'jn of cmt In the Indostrle which are thrh .;g at all the lake ports. A good satT" at the oxp ie of 'V Bn-on'an ctpber.st - ' '.-en tiatid by au.ivjp '-g' st; i who shows byjipeUiod quite as de- w- are3Slbleas tnoseusei inmeuiouairuuus t v."!tlit isacoa wroieiineiBuaKsneareaa piays mat soaupt-trc rcuwj iwie book of psalms For bis system It la necessary tospeU the poet name either Shakespearrjhakespeare, both of which are, permissible. In the name "Shakespear," hef olnts out, there are four vowela and tf?onsonants, which make the numbej forty-six. Turning to psalm 46, the forty-sixth word from the beginning Is "shake," and the forty sixth word from tie end, excluding tho "selah," la "spear." What could be plainer? Some day In this country we shall have old age pensions. Call It a pater nal view If you will, but It 1 true that the nation owe something to Its aged poor. They have served It, many of them, a well u have It soldiers and allors. The American spirit revolts nt the almshouse. The fear of such a fate makes life miserable to many an unfor tunate. It It the height of Impertinence for a lusty young person to claim that the world owes blm a living, but the world certainly owes a living to the worthy, Industrious but unfortunate old man or woman who has failed In the attempt to save a competence for decent living. More and more doe the terrible law of the survival of the fit test crush under It those who havo made a faithful tight They have dono the world's work, but have been bereft, no matter how, of the adequate re ward. Society owes It to them to care for them In a respectable way when they can no longer care for them selves. England Is at this time attempt ing to provide for her worthy aged through a pension system. There are many more unfortunates of this kind there than here. Tbey are said to num ber nearly half a million. The aged pen sioner' bill, now before parliament, provides pensions of $1.25 to $1.75 per week for worthy persons of 05 year of age and over who have not an Income cf more than $2.50 per week. "I am glad my children are all boy, for I do not have to be so particular with them a I should have to be If they were girls." "I should bate to have one of my girls marry one of your, boys." The above conversation occur red on a street car, between a couple of ladles, who were returning from tho meeting of a club, of which both were member. Volume havo been written on "Cause of Crime." but one of tho Margest factor responsible for crime I represented by tho mother who do not think It noccsary to be "so particular" wltlf their boy a they are with their girls, ;lt la this double standard of mo rallty.'whlch Is held up by so many women, that Is wrecking homes, de stroying health, ruining girls and boy, deadening the public conscience and filling our penal institution. A la the sowing bo shall be the reaping. In the penitentiaries of tho State of Iowa thcro nre 833 men and 20 women. In tho reform school 00 boy and 05 girls. I not this a legitimate harvest frpm tho vowing of such mother? Au- other pertinent point I the fact that 411 of the male Inmate of tho peniten tiaries are under 30 year of age; 221 under 25 year of age, and 103 under 20 year of age. There la a fearful ar raignment In tho abovo statistics of tho mother who Is not "so particular" with boys as she would ho with girls; of tho women who uphold n "double atnndard" of morality for men and women. "Papa, sharpen my pencil, please!" Tho child waited and then repeated the request "Don't liother me," Anally replied the father. The little one walk ed over to a corner and looked out a window, while a tear glistened In his eye. The father had not Intended to be cross. He was worried. Stocka had taken a slump lato In the afternoon and his broker had called for further mar gins. So, thinking only of his losses, be had pushed his son from him. At school that afternoon tho boy had been taught his first "example" In multipli cation, lie hnd waited until evening, when his father should arrive, that he might Illustrate to his parents the knowledge he had gained. It was to do this thnt he had asked that a point be given his pencil. What a surprise would It prove to the father should ho propose some new plan, a product of his brain, to those above him In the business world, and be met with the rebuff, "Don't bother mol" But the wound to his pride would be no more severe than thnt Inflicted on the boy's. And If the fnther had been worried during the day by the fall of stacks, so had been the boy by the breaking of a slate, the loss of n prise marble or a top. What seem to us mole hills In retrospect were nt one time mountains. and the obstructions of childhood day arc every whit as difficult to climb as thoso encountered later In life. Do not push the boy from you. t you do there will come a day when he will no longer seek you for advice and comfort, and then you will bitterly regret tho re fusal to sharpen his pencil. Success Is a pyramid. Towering up ward Its form narrows. Scattered along Its sides are the men who have achieved partial success. At Its apex arc the few men who have achieved successful success, their towering forms lit up by the pure sunshine of merited fame. That Is the Idealistic and true picture of success. But Is It the real picture of the success of our day? Is the common view of success a narrow or a broad one? Decidedly narrow. Aside from the President, per haps, Plerpont Morgan and J. J. Hill are more Important In the public mind of to-day than any American states man. In other countries men of mere wealth nre the acknowledged Inferiors of the statesmen, writers, scholars, scientists and philanthropists. In this country the men of great wealth look I somewhat cortemptuounv dmv nixei I those o.it4e ihe'.r clss W need a . new defir.-tlon v! success Fall-ire -a the world's material eye may U scr ees. Ignoble success I "suecMSftu success." We uinsi quit our c. t:c;. v-; i -of succww by the score of a man's Nulk j 'Ira. Swartwood Bays a Ure Family account. Vntil we eon.e to rep?t Vi.L . . lm " "!,""!n,:;, , , achiver.-,.-uts of Ata Ttcan la tr.cr-'i" I The largest family In Pennsylvania n ''i.-.uure. 1-, cm-, 'n art ! : born at Mountain Top, near hoi or the men who bs.e made these I " Ilkesharre, and still lives there. The acbloveuienti. we .hal! have uo sr-i: 1 r.Mher, Mrs. Samuel Swartwood. haa reformers au ' ar.tlimplsts lit . rne twenty-nine children and twen ten" olii.: -' an.i en - Tl-i i. . '. two of them are living. deuces ui US. t-UlcJ ti.-rU o..in ,Hv tho vonnir men of to-dnv a false view or me purposes ui me. He finds no satisfaction In a great book. In the glories of art or In the phil osophy of things. HI satisfaction Is In piling up dollars. Who can blame him? He has his exemplars all about him. Here is work for the colleges and the churches and all the ethical forces of the day. They must plant and water the Ideal of the race. KIT" CARSON'S REAL GRAVE. The great trapper, hunter, scout and Indian fighter. Kit Carson, Is popularly supposed to be burled In Santa Fe N. M., where a handsome granite mon ument has been erected to hi memory. Tourist are shown this monument nnd led to believe that the valiant "Kit" lie beneath It In reality he Is burled In the little graeyard In Taos, N, M.. and bis tombstone Is a wooden cross. BUt his grave Is alwny decorated wltti wreaths and flower and American flags. Some one Is faithful to the mem ory of one of the most picturesque char acters In American history. Tricking Dnrfrlar. A ladv who has distinguished herself at Olrton, and who assumed that she waa of a very timid and nervou na ture, ay that one night she awoke to find a burelar In her room. She wa conscious that some one wa fumbling at ber desk. The room was quite dark; the clock struck one. She lay there considering wliat to ao, nor, at all frightened, but very Indignant at being robbed. Many minutes passed; the burglar still moved stealthily about Meanwhile she had In Idle mo ment practised the ventrlloquial art, and, calling her skill Into service, she said In a deep voice, seemingly at tne burglar's elbow: "Parsons, light tne gas." Her maid In the next room, thus called, hot out of bed, and tho bur glar shot out of tho window. Investi gation proved mat rue man s searcn had not yet reached the drawer con taining tho valuable. "He robbed me only oi wnat I could well spare," the lady said, with a laugh, "my fear." Present Pole Star. The present pole star Is the only one called Alpha, In the constellation Ursa Minor. It ha been the world' pole star for nearly 2,000 year. If a married woman can't ever un derstand what a girl can tyayo to cry for. It I one lgn that her husband Is cross to her, WILLIAM H. MOODY. Bketch of tho New Secretary of the Navy Dctmrtmetit, William 11. Moody, the now Secre tary of the Navy, singularly resembles President !toovelt both In appear- niieo and in man nerism. Mr. Moody Is not quite ns tall as the President, nor does be wear glas.-cs; but, like him. be Is athleti cally Itu'lluod. Ho tins, moreover, .the same explosive style of talking mid the quick, ner vous habit of cut- H. uoouv ,... .,- ..i. Indeed be has frequently been pointed out In the House of Itepreseutntlves ns President ltoosevclt'a double. William II Moody was Ixirn In New bury, Mass., forty nine years ngo and Is therefore Ave yours older than the President. Ho was graduated from Harvard In 1.S7H, tho year Hint Boose volt entered the university. After Mr. Moodv loft college he set tled In Haverhill. Mass.. nud began the practice of law. By hard work nud close application to his profession he became one of the foremost criminal lawyers In the State. In fact, otio of the secrets of Mr. Moody's success In whatever he has iindertnkeu has boon hard and persistent work. From 1S00 until IS03 he was district attorney for the Eastern District of Massachusetts. During this period Mr. Moody added to Mis ropututlon by his work ns assistant prosecutor of Lizzie Borden 111 the fnmous Kali Hiver mur der trial. Although the case was uot In hU district, his services were tie cured to assist lu the prosecution. Mr. Moody first went to Congress to till n vacancy caused by tho death of General Cogswell, lu 1813. Speaker Beed took a gre.it fancy to him and encouraged him by an uppoliitiueut to the Important appropriations commit tee, and for the lust throe Congresses Mr. Moody has taken a prominent part lu all legislation to meet the ex penses of the nation, the experience familiarizing blm with all the details of the Federal government. In this capacity he has paid particular atten tion to naval affairs. Two years ago In tho debate over nn appropriation for bydrographlc surveys he opposed the detachment of nnviil officers for survey work, but eveutually supimrtod ocean survey by naval vessels on their regular cruises, and It was he who secured the adoption of n rider on an appropriation bill which revived the grade of admiral for Dewey. For the last four sessions of Con gress Mr. Moody has been a member of the Insulir Affairs Committee and ! taken grent Interest In Its work, .ie believes In the civil service law vid has been one of Its foremost chain ; ens. MOTHER OF TWENTY-NINE. onurmwu .1...U...1.J vice to give to mothers. In the first place she advises marriage when young. She married when she was 14. Here are some of her maxims for mothers: "Work hard and always be cheerful. "Be mistress of your house. "Itcmembcr that the most glorious responsibility In the world is to be a mother. "Do not be afraid of having chil dren. I never regretted the birth of one of mine. "The loneliest womnn In the world Is the childless wife. "Do not mind what furniture, you havo If you can fill the house with children. "Clothes go a long way In our fam ily, nnd no garment" Is useless until there Is not enough left for the baby. "Lots of air, lots of sunlight, lots of food and lots of love are good for children." The Swartwood children all live nt home. Tho dining room at meal time Is n sight to make a census taker glad. Quantities of food sufficient to' make the nverage housekeeper gasp nre con sumed at each meal, but Mrs. Swart wood takes great prldo In It. "They are fine enters," she says, beaming with motherly Joy on her children's healthy forms. "They get all they want to eat,' but It keeps me nnd the girls hustling." Mrs. Swartwood says there Is no trouble In raising a large family. "I would not be happy unless I had them all," she said. "I remember when the first ones came, and there were seven of them by the time tho eldest was five years old. Then, I tell you, It was hard work, but as soon as they began to grow up nnd help me It was much eauler. "The chief difficulty was about clothes. They take n lot nnd clothes cost money. At first Sam and I bad hard work to get enough for them, hut once started we used tho clothes for all there was In them, and I hnvo cut down and refitted tlicin like n tailor. "You tell the women of the State that a big family Is a blessing. They may think differently, hut I know and they don't." Now York Sun. OUR DESCENT FROM MONKEYS Signs of Blmluii Ancestry Shown In Rome of Iluliy' Tricks, Tho baby has tho power to movo Its toes Independently that wriggling of tho toes so often commented upon by mothers. This form of movemctit Is a heritage from those ancestors who, like modern monkeys, would have used the fingers of their hind feet as wo do the Angers of our hand. So In any zoological gardens mon keys may be seen banging on to n bar above by their hands and using a bind foot (hand) to pick up things from tho ground. A' frequent nctlon with babies Is to turn tho aolcs of tho feet sideways, op posite to ono another, while tho legs remain straight. Just this attitude would ho assumed by ft monkey when climbing a tree, or walking on a branch w In order to grasp the stein with It hind hands. The Inherited effects of thus grasp ing tree trunks or limbs with tho hind bauds are often very marked In young babies. The bow legs, which are a fea ture of Infancy, nnd n matter of some anxiety to mothers, aro no more than tho relics of the tree-cllmblng stage. And tho mother need not be frightened about this character any normally beajthy baby will grow out of It aoon enough. Then If a young baby be held so that Its feet touch the ground one may see that the feet nre uot put Hat to the surface; Instead, the outer portions of the foot rest on tho ground; while tho soles of tho feet nro more or less op posed to one another they havo tin bough-grasping attitude. It has been noticed aliovp that mon keys use their hind paws like hands; their front paws they employ ns linplei tuents by which to suspend their I miles from trees. For such purposo tin thumb Is not necessary; nil that Is re quired Is a kind of grasping-book, which the lingers inako efficiently by themselves. The monkeys which do most trce-cllmblng have quite lost their thumbs; their front hands are. In fact, merely grasping-hooks. Dlsino of the'thumb may lie observed In other monkeys when they nro grasp ing bars; and It Is noticeable In babies when holding sticks, or grasping n flow erpot. An adult taking bold of n flower pot would put tho thumb Inside nnd make a lever of It, But the baby doer not act like an adult: It ddos not put out Its hand to tnkc the flower pot as an adult would do. Instead, It dabs at the rim of the flowerpot with the palm of Its hand downward. Just In the man lier that a monkey dabs at n branch. The manner In which babies I ild their hand In a clasping attltudo Is a result of the ancestral bough-gasping habit. This attitude may be awn In monkeys generally; and In those spe cies which lend the most arboreal life It has become a permanent feature, be cause of the difficulty of straightening the fingers after exertion. Pearson's. HOW TO MANAGE HUSBANDS. Diplomacy anil Good Dinners Regard ed aa Kfllclent AcceMorle. There Is a positive exhllaratlou to bo derived from bringing all one' efforts to bear upon a husband whose business worries have pursued him from the office. Thcro Is a genuine delight to fight with the unknown anxieties which his love will not permit blm to unbur den nt home. It brings out all tho tact and patience nnd diplomacy, nil the charms and graces, of a woman's char acter to transform a cross, tired, worn out husband Into a new man Just by a good dinner and a little tact. But to manage a husband wjen there are so many kinds of husbands re quires, more than nny other one thing, a thorough study of your subject To "meet your husband with a smile." which Is the old-fashioned rule for all Ills, Is enough to make a nervous, Irrltn blc man frantic. I-ook him over before you even smile. You ought to know lfbw to trent him. Don't sing or hum If he lias a headache, or begin to tell him the news before you have fed him. If there Is one rule to lay down which there Is not or If I were giving n' o matlc advice which I am not I should say that most men come home like hungry animals, and require first of nil to be fed. Harper's Bazar. Wood Mnglc. A boy of 15 who had gone camping with his father owns thnt when one of his fnther's "mates" arrived on the scene he felt himself, for the moment, a little shy nnd constrained. So he took his gun and walked away, saying that he was going after a partridge for sup per He says, telling his story lu For est nnd Stream: I entered the old logging road, and In due time arrived at the deserted cabin. There I sat down nnd began dreaming. Why had the cabin been left to fall Into decay? Why had not some one re claimed It for n home? As I sat there, a boy of 15, I uncon sciously became Impressed with the mutability of alt tblngs,humaii. Tho hemlocks and pines that looked down niton this dwelling had stood there for decades; men had come nnd gone, men would come and fo, and still they would remain the grim old warrior. Some such thoughts ns these, although vague and not then to be expressed, were floating through my mind. My father's voice roused me, calling me by name. I started back, answer ing ns I went, and soon I met blm hur rying along, and glancing anxiously In evpry direction? "Oh, there you arel" he exclaimed, in quick relief. "I was afraid you were lost. Where have you been all tbla time?" "Down at the old logging camp," I an swered. "What have you been doing there?" "Oh, nothing!" I said, rather vague ly. "Only thinking." V He looked at me sharply, and from that tlmo I fancied that he treated me more seriously, or a If I were his own age. I bad learned, he saw, the speH of the wood. Carry I iik the Mali A very primitive method of carrying the malls la in vogue In C'orea, a small hut exceedingly conservative nation, Tho ox cart Is here employed In tho pos: tal service, nud It Is anything but a rapid means of transit In China, which Is also fairly unprogresslvc, there Is more of nn attempt at speed. Thcro aro two methods of carrying tho malls there. The letters of tho man darins nre delivered by special couriers, frequently accompanied by military es cort. Public letter uro carried by two private companies. Tho first company called tho "local" has the cities for Its scat of operations; nnd the other, called' tho "general" deliver letters to all parts of the empire maintaining com munlcatloil'with the far-off frontier towns. Canada Offers Lund. Canada ha offered thirty-eight square miles of laud to the Welsh col ony In Patagonia vblcb hag been un ablo to eko out existence there. Ono of tbo most distressed looking objects wo know nnythlng about Is a pretty mau who lacks appreciation. You receive many an unnecessary whipping. IN THE OIL COUNTUY. 'BRlNQIrJa, IN" A QU8HER NEAR BEAUMONT, TEXA8. Tales of tlio Oraat Itoom When for tune Were Made In n Day Tha In Itlul Dl.cuvcrr of (lit and tho ! c Imuuetit of tlia Oil Industry, The chase of oil I almost a fascinat ing a the chase of gold. And, In the uuiln It Is nearly, If not unite, as profit able. Tho greatest oil field lu tbo conn try to-day Is lu Texas, with tha town of Boauiiont ns Its center. Other fields -notably those of Pennsylvania nnd Ohio, are probably more roiiiunorotlvo nt the pruaeut, but the Texau, In look ing Into tho future, soea his own Stale far overshadowing all others lu tho oil Industry. Tho future of oil lu Texas Is, beyond cavil, bound to be sensa tional. For that matter, it Is sensation nl already. Nowhere else on earth has so much over boon accomplished lu so short a lline; uowhero else havo binds worth barely a few cents an ncro ad vanced In value, far up Into thu thou sands ns they liaVu In the Beaumont district. Nowhere else. In fact, has de velopment boon as rapid and remunera tive. And as yet, the Texas oil Indus try Is in Its Infancy, though millions of dollars havo changed bauds sluca It start. Tbo advanco of nny wonderful boom, whether In gold, oil or auytblng else, la always attended with marvelous lo ries of Individual strikes nud conse quent enormous profits. Beaumont is no exception to this rule. It Is but lit tle more than n year since Beaumont's first car of oil was.sont Into the outside world. Since thnt time moro than 2, 000.000 of Imrrols have boon exported, there are now nearly 3,000,000 of bar rels In storage and probably 1.500,000 of barrels have been wasted before the gushers could be capped or controlled. The Ileailniont Fields, When the oil excitement was at Its height lu Boiltimout, tho Influx of peo ple was so great that trains wero dally run between that city and Houston, a distance of a hundred miles, so that people, could obtain hotel accommoda tions. Some men with little moro than the clothes they worn organized com panies with capital of millions on pa per. Anything In the shape of a lease or land title was foundation enough for nn airy structure to attract the at tention of the gulllblo. The lust for money was rampant. It was all a gam ble. If fortune smiled, you made a million: If not, you lost what you had. But everybody seemed willing to take the chance, to the full extent of his pile. Prices paid for land In the oil dis A TEXAS SPOUTEll AT trlct were fabulous. Two negroes, liv ing In tumble-down shacks, received for them $10,000 each. Men who want ed to start a bank paid $10,000 for the privilege of using a little barber shop, and the same amount was paiu to n small dry goods dealer whose lease wa wanted by speculator. A firm paid $150 a month for tho use of a platform 8x10, on which to conduct their opera tions. Land went from $1 to $100,000 an acre In a few days. Old Man" lllvulns. "Old Man" Hlgglns, who bad been looked upon for some time as a crank, 1 the roan who Is responsible for Beau mont' boom. For five or lx year he bad been talking about the possibilities of striking oil at Spindle Top, his talk at last becoming so Incessant and wearisome that tho people refused lo'ngnr to listen to him. That there was oil In southwest Texas wa con ceded, but that Spindle Top had great possibilities In that direction waa look ed upon as absurd. At last, however, "Old Man" Hlgglns succeeded In Interesting George W. Carroll, president of a lumber company and a. wealthy resident. Carroll put up the cash and Hlgglns began tho search. I Tho first well struck oil at about 500! feet, but quicksand stopped operations. ' Tills was repeated In a second well. Then Carroll drow out and the "folly" of Hlgglns and Carroll was tho Joke of the town. An observant mau named Lucas did not bcllevo tho venture was ! an cntlro failure, however. Ho leased I a small patch near by and sunk a shaft ' COO feet, finding oil and being stopped, a were tho others, by quicksand, Be-1 llovlng that If this vein of quicksand could bo pierced oil would bo struck below It. Lucas went to Pittsburg, and after much hard work obtained enough capital to boro a well deep enough so that his theory could be thoroughly tested. When the drill had passed dirough tho quicksand, what Is claluicj s tho greatest reservoir In tho world was struck, and In a nlgbt Beaumont went crazy, Scores of Hpouters. Thcro aro now In the district between 150 and 100 spouters. A ono conse quence, coal, the lowest ilrlco for which had hitherto been $0 a' ton, Is now very rarely used In southeast Texas, oil having taken It pluco a fuel. Within four months, $2,000,000 wa t,peut In advertising Beaumont oil com- putes, some uf tho concerns having least merit advertising tho most. A good sham of them companies woro swindles, puro nnd simple. Opporliml lis for bunko gninos woro ninny nnd wero all Improved. Most of tho manufacturing plant In southern Texas hnvo given up oonl nnd aro using oil ns fuel. This at first oosls considerable, but tho s.ivllig Is groat, after tbo tlrst start Is made. One linn which paid $1,200 for the necessary al terations In their furnaces, say that amount was saved In tho first six mouths. Several of the divisions of the Hantn Fo and Southern Pacific rail roads have also given up coal for oil. Arrangements nro being Hindu for pip ing the Huh! oven ns far nway ns Now Orleans, where. It Is nssorlod, It Is to bo distributed to houses. In tho same way aa ga. "llrliiKluu In" a Wall, The two engraving accompanying this article wore made from snapshot tub rinsr si-out. photographs taker nt tbo "bringing" of a gusher at Beaumont. After tho drill had been sent through tho quicksand and tho cap rock, the flinty substance which la the roof of the cavern In which Uie oil haa long been stored, It was known thnt success had crown M tho effort of tho drillers after Just n year of labor. Tho drill was Immedi ately hoisted out of tho 1, 100-foot pipe which Incased It, and the bailer was brought Into use. This Is a bucket fastened to a contrivance which forces It down Into the tube nnd thou pulls It back out full of the mud, water and grease which weighs .down thu oil at the bottom. With ench dip of the bail or, gas rises higher In the pipe, and when tho pressure has been reduced fo a point where It Is less than thnt of tho THE FIBST GUSH OF Oil, gas and oil underneath the flow com mences, Along toward the Inst the bucket came up with so much gas emulsified with the mixture of mud and water that the contents of the bucket fairly boiled. Then came n time of groat anxiety. Would she come In with a rush, shoot the bailer away up through tho top of the derrick and send nut u great shower of greasy rain In nil ill rcctlons, or would she come softly, with a heavy, smooth flow? It was rfn ex citing moment, when what was believ ed to bo tbo last trip of the bailer was commenced. Then, ns the bucket came up there came with It n gush of brown foam. Then slowly, majestically, arose a fountain of green fluid until there was a steady stream uf oil reaching nearly to the top V)f tho derrick. .Suddenly there was a whlsh of gUH, as the hist vestige of pressure over tho oil reser voir wns removed nnd with a roar tho grent Jet aroso far above the dorrlek. Tho drillers then coiigrntuhitcd'ouo an other most Joyfully, for, to all appear ances, tho well was equal to a flow of 25,000 barrels a day, should Its full ra pacity ever bo necessary. At this tlmo tbo wind wa blowing a gale and It was thought thcro would bo less danger to tho derrick and well If the stream wero turned to ono side. The gnto vnlvo wns quickly shut, tho Joint was placed nnd the plpo wns shifted. Again tho gate wo turned and out rushed a stream with a swish nnd a roar loud enough to bo heard at a great distance. And that Is how n great gusher Is brought In. It Is n tlmo of great ex citement, among both spectators und operator, and It consummation la marked by a great tooting of cugluo yvhlstles and yelling of men. Tho largo picture accompanying this article was taken at tho Instant the great stream of oil shot out of tho pipe after It bad been turned to ono Hide of the derrick, Tho smalt picture show the tame well when tile first flow had nearly reached It height Oil In the United States. In tho production of petroleum, tho United State lead tbo world, though oil was used In Eaitcrn countries, no tably China, long before tho dawn of history. In Japan and Persia, It ha been obtained from dug wells for ecu-trj-los. Sprlr.gs of petroleum havo long boon known In the CnucnMis luoniilulm mid Urn Husshin ull Holds aro world famous. Tho first liienlluii of (ill In tl" '"" ed Hindu wns timilo by n I'liinclsi'iiii missionary win round It lu Allegany Oounly. N. Y lieforo HUM. This oil, which ciiinn In Ihn surface lu springs, was used by I ho Indians for medicinal purposm. It was not until 1 85! I that tho pott-oleum business of tho Hulled Slalos reached nny great height. Pre vious to that year, kerosene hud, In a limited ettonl, boon manufactured out of coal. The first well wns "brought In" at the place wl o Tllusvlllo, Pa., now slnnds, on Aug. 110. IK5U. till wit struck nl a depth of but 00 foot. Tho scenes enacted thorn at that tlmo have boon duplicated nt tbo opening of every now Held since. Hpeculnlors Hooked In from every part of the Unit ed States and Oil Creek becanni fam ous. Within a very few years, hun dred or wells worn drilled along tho tributaries of tho Allegany river. Front Pennsylvania. Iho oil excite ment extended westward until hun dreds of wells had boon sunk oast of tho Mississippi river In any and ull places where for any reason thu dis covery of oil might be expected, .Most of these wells wore failures, but tho exeliomout had the result of opening up many now fields, notably In woslt-ru Pennsylvania, lu parts of Ohio nud In section of West Virginia, Kentucky and Indiana, lu Ohio nnd Indiana, natural gas came as a secondary dis covery and this product Is now piped lu great quantities to many cities, no tably Chicago and Buffalo. In the hit tor city, the use of natural gas for healing and cooking purpose Is gen eral. In Chicago but a limited part of tho city Is. served, though tho pipe of the company supplying the gas nro being extended rapidly. Tho Paelllc coast oil Holds woro first worked In 1805. though tho early wells woro Improperly located and failed to produce oil lu paying quantities, Be tween lS-vO and ISS7 thono fields fell Into tho hands of Eastern oil men of experience, who, after much experi menting and many uuHiiocessfut at tempts, struck oil In several counties of California. Wells In Ventura nud Iaik Angeles Counties, mum- of tho lat ter being right lu the city of I.os An geles, havo been profitable producer oer since. Other oil regions of com paratively largo value woru uncovered lu Wyoming and Colorado. Commercial petroleum Is found In ItUMsIa In largo quantities, as well as In Austria. Oil Holds In Peru produce tbo fluid to n limited extent, but Iho output Is sleadlly liierenslng under proper management. Oil wells -In Iho Pennsylvania fields aro almost Invariably "shut" wltti nl-tro-gtycerlii, contrary to tho bulling method of Texas. Test for I'rtrnlemn, Tho tests of kenisouo, the common burning fluid which Is thu most luiHirt ant product of petroleum, are inadu for the purposo of ascertaining nt what temperature It will take tire and also to find what proportion of naphtha. If any, la bold lu the oil. At ordinary temperatures, kerosene should extin guish a match as readily na water; It should not produce an Inflammable va por under 110 degrees P., ami should not take lire below 12.1 degrees F. lu making tests, It Is always remembered that oven n wry small proportion of naphtha l exceedingly dangerous. Thu first, or flashing test, Is made for tho puriHiso of determining the lowest tem perature at which nn Inllainmahle gnn Is given off; tho second, or burning teat, shows the lowest point at which the oil Itself Is Inlhiinmnlile. HOW TO JUDGE ADIAliioND. Common Hense and Onnd Byestxht the Only Kcilllsltcs. "No," said tho dealer, "you don't need to be an expert lu order to tell a good diamond from a poor one. You need only to have common souso and good eyes nnd a magnifying glass. First you examine the diamond's table. The table la tho surface, ami It should bo perfectly Hat and perfectly octagonal. Then examine the circumference, and If that Is round the gem la nt least, you may be sure, well cut Now, for Haws you look Into the diamond, using tho glass here, for the reason, (hat n Haw Imperceptible to the naked eye will oflen lower u gem's value 50 or 00 per cent "I-'Imwm lu diamonds resemble thoso little feathery marks In Ice that we so often see. though scratches on tho sur face are'alsu Haws. If none aro to ha found you study next tho color, re membering that tho stool blue, becauss It Is the most brilliant, Is tho most de sirable and costly bun and thnt the white comes next. Yellowish or off color stones nre practically worthless, but a perfect violet or amber or rose diamond lirlngs n fancy price. "Study finally the depth and weight ,nnd If the depth Is good you won't In cheated If you pay $150 or $100 n cnral for your stone. Before tho South Afri can war." concluded the dealer, accord ing to the Philadelphia Itecnrd. "you'd only have paid $100, but $150, thanks to tills war and the diamond trust nud to thu heavier customs duties, I now the market price," Wh it MakoM (Jreat Hnccesses. It took me some time tu learn, hut I did learn, that thu supremely grent managers, such aa you havo these day, never do any work themselves worth speaking about: their point In to make, other work whllu they think, I ap plied this lesson In after life, ho that business with mo has never been a care. My young pnrtner did tho work and I did tho laughing, nnd I commend to you tho thought that there la very llttlo success whero thcro Is Ilttlo laughter. Tho workman who rejoices In his work nud laughs away Its dis comfort I tho tnnn sure to rise, for It Is what wo do enslly, and what wo llko to do, that wo do well. Andrew Camo glo. Work of Wntoli Wheels. Tho main wheel of a watch makes 1,400 revolutions a year, tbo central wheel 8,700, tho third wheel 70.080, tho fourth 625,000, and tho scapo wheel 4,731,800. Tree fur Westminster Abbey, Officials of Westminster Abbey chargo fees aggregating ov$r $2,000 when a memorial 1 plnctxl Ui tho abbey. 4. l 1