Bohemia Nugget
jiowaiid HKNiir, publisher.
COTTAPAgRPyg- 'OREGON.
Twohpads ro not better than one If
tho baby buggy in't built for twin.
Cuba baa u boatcn all to piece In
the matter of selection of an Inaugura
tion day.
A Western man camo to bl death
trying to kick a cat off hi porch. The
moral I aufflclcntly options-
Love and Smuhlno aro grocer ai
Johnstown, Pa. Formerly It was Love,
Sunshine & Joy, but Joy nd.
Our fellow citizens- In Luzon arc
catching on rapidly. Out of a possible
eighty-four Votes In Balanga, eighty
nine were cj!LeajSt
When Miss Susan B. Anthony say
thero are too many children born Into
the world, she has reference more par
tlcutarly to boys.
We shall reserve tho right to take
our own time In assimilating that story
about llussoll Ssge losing a quarter of
a million dollar.
The doctrine may be restated so as
to convey the Idea that all the good
children do not die young, but that all
who die young are good children.
oa -
The Sultan has Issued an order pro
hibiting gambling In his dominions.
Tho Bulgarians will not care. They
operate only on a sure money basis.
In view of the fact that she Is now
at liberty to do as she pleases It Is no
more than right to commend Mis Ellen
M. Stone for making so little noise.
In Japan It Is.alway the rule of po
liteness to pay aMrlnc more than the
aum mentioned oa'your hotel bill. Here
It would be considered a form of In
curable Insanity,,,-?
The world hasfSO.OOO.OOO artificial
teeth act In Its'fsce every year. Sup
pose each monthiclilins ten of them,
that would fit out(3,000,000 grandpas
o they can nibble little piece of com
fort off of their pings.
Thnt there are. some things worse
than war Is farther demonstrated by
Mr. Moody's remsrk that we have
saved In a single 'yea 'n Cuba more
lives from deathiby pestilence than
were lost on both sides In the conflict
with Spain. A rstfier striking fact,
that. 4$
T l. 'u anil Ok.. Kl"" i-iial
proposition is arm ''re tu those who
know ni.at water tranipi nation Has
doue for the Nnrthwem. Cheaper
freighting between the l-atce Superior
mine and Pltttbn would mean
efcsuper stool products, and kpr
real rhh tb I'WMplrae ' bum
would mean a rluct'jn of cmt In the
Indostrle which are thrh .;g at all the
lake ports.
A good satT" at the oxp ie of 'V
Bn-on'an ctpber.st - ' '.-en
tiatid by au.ivjp '-g' st;
i who shows byjipeUiod quite as de-
w- are3Slbleas tnoseusei inmeuiouairuuus
t v."!tlit isacoa wroieiineiBuaKsneareaa
piays mat soaupt-trc rcuwj iwie
book of psalms For bis system It la
necessary tospeU the poet name
either Shakespearrjhakespeare, both
of which are, permissible. In the name
"Shakespear," hef olnts out, there are
four vowela and tf?onsonants, which
make the numbej forty-six. Turning
to psalm 46, the forty-sixth word from
the beginning Is "shake," and the forty
sixth word from tie end, excluding tho
"selah," la "spear." What could be
plainer?
Some day In this country we shall
have old age pensions. Call It a pater
nal view If you will, but It 1 true that
the nation owe something to Its aged
poor. They have served It, many of
them, a well u have It soldiers and
allors. The American spirit revolts nt
the almshouse. The fear of such a fate
makes life miserable to many an unfor
tunate. It It the height of Impertinence
for a lusty young person to claim that
the world owes blm a living, but the
world certainly owes a living to the
worthy, Industrious but unfortunate
old man or woman who has failed In
the attempt to save a competence for
decent living. More and more doe the
terrible law of the survival of the fit
test crush under It those who havo
made a faithful tight They have dono
the world's work, but have been bereft,
no matter how, of the adequate re
ward. Society owes It to them to care
for them In a respectable way when
they can no longer care for them
selves. England Is at this time attempt
ing to provide for her worthy aged
through a pension system. There are
many more unfortunates of this kind
there than here. Tbey are said to num
ber nearly half a million. The aged pen
sioner' bill, now before parliament,
provides pensions of $1.25 to $1.75 per
week for worthy persons of 05 year of
age and over who have not an Income
cf more than $2.50 per week.
"I am glad my children are all boy,
for I do not have to be so particular
with them a I should have to be If they
were girls." "I should bate to have
one of my girls marry one of your,
boys." The above conversation occur
red on a street car, between a couple
of ladles, who were returning from tho
meeting of a club, of which both were
member. Volume havo been written
on "Cause of Crime." but one of tho
Margest factor responsible for crime I
represented by tho mother who do not
think It noccsary to be "so particular"
wltlf their boy a they are with their
girls, ;lt la this double standard of mo
rallty.'whlch Is held up by so many
women, that Is wrecking homes, de
stroying health, ruining girls and boy,
deadening the public conscience and
filling our penal institution. A la the
sowing bo shall be the reaping. In the
penitentiaries of tho State of Iowa
thcro nre 833 men and 20 women. In
tho reform school 00 boy and 05
girls. I not this a legitimate harvest
frpm tho vowing of such mother? Au-
other pertinent point I the fact that
411 of the male Inmate of tho peniten
tiaries are under 30 year of age; 221
under 25 year of age, and 103 under 20
year of age. There la a fearful ar
raignment In tho abovo statistics of
tho mother who Is not "so particular"
with boys as she would ho with girls;
of tho women who uphold n "double
atnndard" of morality for men and
women.
"Papa, sharpen my pencil, please!"
Tho child waited and then repeated
the request "Don't liother me," Anally
replied the father. The little one walk
ed over to a corner and looked out a
window, while a tear glistened In his
eye. The father had not Intended to
be cross. He was worried. Stocka had
taken a slump lato In the afternoon and
his broker had called for further mar
gins. So, thinking only of his losses,
be had pushed his son from him. At
school that afternoon tho boy had been
taught his first "example" In multipli
cation, lie hnd waited until evening,
when his father should arrive, that he
might Illustrate to his parents the
knowledge he had gained. It was to do
this thnt he had asked that a point be
given his pencil. What a surprise
would It prove to the father should ho
propose some new plan, a product of
his brain, to those above him In the
business world, and be met with the
rebuff, "Don't bother mol" But the
wound to his pride would be no more
severe than thnt Inflicted on the boy's.
And If the fnther had been worried
during the day by the fall of stacks,
so had been the boy by the breaking of
a slate, the loss of n prise marble or a
top. What seem to us mole hills In
retrospect were nt one time mountains.
and the obstructions of childhood day
arc every whit as difficult to climb as
thoso encountered later In life. Do not
push the boy from you. t you do there
will come a day when he will no longer
seek you for advice and comfort, and
then you will bitterly regret tho re
fusal to sharpen his pencil.
Success Is a pyramid. Towering up
ward Its form narrows. Scattered
along Its sides are the men who have
achieved partial success. At Its apex
arc the few men who have achieved
successful success, their towering
forms lit up by the pure sunshine of
merited fame. That Is the Idealistic
and true picture of success. But Is It
the real picture of the success of our
day? Is the common view of success
a narrow or a broad one? Decidedly
narrow. Aside from the President, per
haps, Plerpont Morgan and J. J. Hill
are more Important In the public mind
of to-day than any American states
man. In other countries men of mere
wealth nre the acknowledged Inferiors
of the statesmen, writers, scholars,
scientists and philanthropists. In this
country the men of great wealth look
I somewhat cortemptuounv dmv nixei
I those o.it4e ihe'.r clss W need a
. new defir.-tlon v! success Fall-ire -a
the world's material eye may U scr
ees. Ignoble success I "suecMSftu
success." We uinsi quit our c. t:c;. v-; i -of
succww by the score of a man's Nulk j 'Ira. Swartwood Bays a Ure Family
account. Vntil we eon.e to rep?t Vi.L . . lm " "!,""!n,:;, , ,
achiver.-,.-uts of Ata Ttcan la tr.cr-'i" I The largest family In Pennsylvania
n ''i.-.uure. 1-, cm-, 'n art ! : born at Mountain Top, near
hoi or the men who bs.e made these I " Ilkesharre, and still lives there. The
acbloveuienti. we .hal! have uo sr-i: 1 r.Mher, Mrs. Samuel Swartwood. haa
reformers au ' ar.tlimplsts lit . rne twenty-nine children and twen
ten" olii.: -' an.i en - Tl-i i. . '. two of them are living.
deuces ui US. t-UlcJ ti.-rU
o..in ,Hv tho vonnir men of to-dnv
a false view or me purposes ui me.
He finds no satisfaction In a great
book. In the glories of art or In the phil
osophy of things. HI satisfaction Is
In piling up dollars. Who can blame
him? He has his exemplars all about
him. Here is work for the colleges and
the churches and all the ethical forces
of the day. They must plant and water
the Ideal of the race.
KIT" CARSON'S REAL GRAVE.
The great trapper, hunter, scout and
Indian fighter. Kit Carson, Is popularly
supposed to be burled In Santa Fe
N. M., where a handsome granite mon
ument has been erected to hi memory.
Tourist are shown this monument nnd
led to believe that the valiant "Kit"
lie beneath It In reality he Is burled
In the little graeyard In Taos, N, M..
and bis tombstone Is a wooden cross.
BUt his grave Is alwny decorated wltti
wreaths and flower and American
flags. Some one Is faithful to the mem
ory of one of the most picturesque char
acters In American history.
Tricking Dnrfrlar.
A ladv who has distinguished herself
at Olrton, and who assumed that she
waa of a very timid and nervou na
ture, ay that one night she awoke to
find a burelar In her room. She wa
conscious that some one wa fumbling
at ber desk. The room was quite
dark; the clock struck one. She lay
there considering wliat to ao, nor, at
all frightened, but very Indignant at
being robbed. Many minutes passed;
the burglar still moved stealthily
about Meanwhile she had In Idle mo
ment practised the ventrlloquial art,
and, calling her skill Into service, she
said In a deep voice, seemingly at tne
burglar's elbow:
"Parsons, light tne gas."
Her maid In the next room, thus
called, hot out of bed, and tho bur
glar shot out of tho window. Investi
gation proved mat rue man s searcn
had not yet reached the drawer con
taining tho valuable.
"He robbed me only oi wnat I could
well spare," the lady said, with a
laugh, "my fear."
Present Pole Star.
The present pole star Is the only one
called Alpha, In the constellation Ursa
Minor. It ha been the world' pole
star for nearly 2,000 year.
If a married woman can't ever un
derstand what a girl can tyayo to cry
for. It I one lgn that her husband Is
cross to her,
WILLIAM H. MOODY.
Bketch of tho New Secretary of the
Navy Dctmrtmetit,
William 11. Moody, the now Secre
tary of the Navy, singularly resembles
President !toovelt both In appear-
niieo and in man
nerism. Mr. Moody
Is not quite ns tall
as the President,
nor does be wear
glas.-cs; but, like
him. be Is athleti
cally Itu'lluod. Ho
tins, moreover, .the
same explosive
style of talking
mid the quick, ner
vous habit of cut-
H. uoouv ,... .,- ..i.
Indeed be has frequently been pointed
out In the House of Itepreseutntlves ns
President ltoosevclt'a double.
William II Moody was Ixirn In New
bury, Mass., forty nine years ngo and
Is therefore Ave yours older than the
President. Ho was graduated from
Harvard In 1.S7H, tho year Hint Boose
volt entered the university.
After Mr. Moodv loft college he set
tled In Haverhill. Mass.. nud began the
practice of law. By hard work nud
close application to his profession he
became one of the foremost criminal
lawyers In the State. In fact, otio of
the secrets of Mr. Moody's success In
whatever he has iindertnkeu has boon
hard and persistent work.
From 1S00 until IS03 he was district
attorney for the Eastern District of
Massachusetts. During this period Mr.
Moody added to Mis ropututlon by his
work ns assistant prosecutor of Lizzie
Borden 111 the fnmous Kali Hiver mur
der trial. Although the case was uot
In hU district, his services were tie
cured to assist lu the prosecution.
Mr. Moody first went to Congress to
till n vacancy caused by tho death of
General Cogswell, lu 1813. Speaker
Beed took a gre.it fancy to him and
encouraged him by an uppoliitiueut to
the Important appropriations commit
tee, and for the lust throe Congresses
Mr. Moody has taken a prominent
part lu all legislation to meet the ex
penses of the nation, the experience
familiarizing blm with all the details
of the Federal government. In this
capacity he has paid particular atten
tion to naval affairs. Two years ago
In tho debate over nn appropriation
for bydrographlc surveys he opposed
the detachment of nnviil officers for
survey work, but eveutually supimrtod
ocean survey by naval vessels on their
regular cruises, and It was he who
secured the adoption of n rider on an
appropriation bill which revived the
grade of admiral for Dewey.
For the last four sessions of Con
gress Mr. Moody has been a member
of the Insulir Affairs Committee and
! taken grent Interest In Its work,
.ie believes In the civil service law
vid has been one of Its foremost chain
; ens.
MOTHER OF TWENTY-NINE.
onurmwu .1...U...1.J
vice to give to mothers. In the first
place she advises marriage when
young. She married when she was
14. Here are some of her maxims for
mothers:
"Work hard and always be cheerful.
"Be mistress of your house.
"Itcmembcr that the most glorious
responsibility In the world is to be a
mother.
"Do not be afraid of having chil
dren. I never regretted the birth of
one of mine.
"The loneliest womnn In the world
Is the childless wife.
"Do not mind what furniture, you
havo If you can fill the house with
children.
"Clothes go a long way In our fam
ily, nnd no garment" Is useless until
there Is not enough left for the baby.
"Lots of air, lots of sunlight, lots of
food and lots of love are good for
children."
The Swartwood children all live nt
home. Tho dining room at meal time
Is n sight to make a census taker glad.
Quantities of food sufficient to' make
the nverage housekeeper gasp nre con
sumed at each meal, but Mrs. Swart
wood takes great prldo In It.
"They are fine enters," she says,
beaming with motherly Joy on her
children's healthy forms. "They get
all they want to eat,' but It keeps me
nnd the girls hustling."
Mrs. Swartwood says there Is no
trouble In raising a large family. "I
would not be happy unless I had them
all," she said. "I remember when the
first ones came, and there were seven
of them by the time tho eldest was
five years old. Then, I tell you, It was
hard work, but as soon as they began
to grow up nnd help me It was much
eauler.
"The chief difficulty was about
clothes. They take n lot nnd clothes
cost money. At first Sam and I bad
hard work to get enough for them, hut
once started we used tho clothes for
all there was In them, and I hnvo cut
down and refitted tlicin like n tailor.
"You tell the women of the State
that a big family Is a blessing. They
may think differently, hut I know
and they don't." Now York Sun.
OUR DESCENT FROM MONKEYS
Signs of Blmluii Ancestry Shown In
Rome of Iluliy' Tricks,
Tho baby has tho power to movo Its
toes Independently that wriggling of
tho toes so often commented upon by
mothers. This form of movemctit Is a
heritage from those ancestors who,
like modern monkeys, would have used
the fingers of their hind feet as wo do
the Angers of our hand.
So In any zoological gardens mon
keys may be seen banging on to n bar
above by their hands and using a bind
foot (hand) to pick up things from tho
ground.
A' frequent nctlon with babies Is to
turn tho aolcs of tho feet sideways, op
posite to ono another, while tho legs
remain straight. Just this attitude
would ho assumed by ft monkey when
climbing a tree, or walking on a branch
w
In order to grasp the stein with It hind
hands.
The Inherited effects of thus grasp
ing tree trunks or limbs with tho hind
bauds are often very marked In young
babies. The bow legs, which are a fea
ture of Infancy, nnd n matter of some
anxiety to mothers, aro no more than
tho relics of the tree-cllmblng stage.
And tho mother need not be frightened
about this character any normally
beajthy baby will grow out of It aoon
enough.
Then If a young baby be held so that
Its feet touch the ground one may see
that the feet nre uot put Hat to the
surface; Instead, the outer portions of
the foot rest on tho ground; while tho
soles of tho feet nro more or less op
posed to one another they havo tin
bough-grasping attitude.
It has been noticed aliovp that mon
keys use their hind paws like hands;
their front paws they employ ns linplei
tuents by which to suspend their I miles
from trees. For such purposo tin
thumb Is not necessary; nil that Is re
quired Is a kind of grasping-book,
which the lingers inako efficiently by
themselves. The monkeys which do
most trce-cllmblng have quite lost their
thumbs; their front hands are. In fact,
merely grasping-hooks.
Dlsino of the'thumb may lie observed
In other monkeys when they nro grasp
ing bars; and It Is noticeable In babies
when holding sticks, or grasping n flow
erpot. An adult taking bold of n flower
pot would put tho thumb Inside nnd
make a lever of It, But the baby doer
not act like an adult: It ddos not put
out Its hand to tnkc the flower pot as
an adult would do. Instead, It dabs at
the rim of the flowerpot with the palm
of Its hand downward. Just In the man
lier that a monkey dabs at n branch.
The manner In which babies I ild
their hand In a clasping attltudo Is a
result of the ancestral bough-gasping
habit. This attitude may be awn In
monkeys generally; and In those spe
cies which lend the most arboreal life
It has become a permanent feature, be
cause of the difficulty of straightening
the fingers after exertion. Pearson's.
HOW TO MANAGE HUSBANDS.
Diplomacy anil Good Dinners Regard
ed aa Kfllclent AcceMorle.
There Is a positive exhllaratlou to bo
derived from bringing all one' efforts
to bear upon a husband whose business
worries have pursued him from the
office. Thcro Is a genuine delight to
fight with the unknown anxieties which
his love will not permit blm to unbur
den nt home. It brings out all tho tact
and patience nnd diplomacy, nil the
charms and graces, of a woman's char
acter to transform a cross, tired, worn
out husband Into a new man Just by
a good dinner and a little tact.
But to manage a husband wjen there
are so many kinds of husbands re
quires, more than nny other one thing,
a thorough study of your subject To
"meet your husband with a smile."
which Is the old-fashioned rule for all
Ills, Is enough to make a nervous, Irrltn
blc man frantic. I-ook him over before
you even smile. You ought to know
lfbw to trent him. Don't sing or hum
If he lias a headache, or begin to tell
him the news before you have fed him.
If there Is one rule to lay down which
there Is not or If I were giving n' o
matlc advice which I am not I should
say that most men come home like
hungry animals, and require first of
nil to be fed. Harper's Bazar.
Wood Mnglc.
A boy of 15 who had gone camping
with his father owns thnt when one of
his fnther's "mates" arrived on the
scene he felt himself, for the moment,
a little shy nnd constrained. So he took
his gun and walked away, saying that
he was going after a partridge for sup
per He says, telling his story lu For
est nnd Stream:
I entered the old logging road, and In
due time arrived at the deserted cabin.
There I sat down nnd began dreaming.
Why had the cabin been left to fall
Into decay? Why had not some one re
claimed It for n home?
As I sat there, a boy of 15, I uncon
sciously became Impressed with the
mutability of alt tblngs,humaii. Tho
hemlocks and pines that looked down
niton this dwelling had stood there for
decades; men had come nnd gone, men
would come and fo, and still they
would remain the grim old warrior.
Some such thoughts ns these, although
vague and not then to be expressed,
were floating through my mind.
My father's voice roused me, calling
me by name. I started back, answer
ing ns I went, and soon I met blm hur
rying along, and glancing anxiously In
evpry direction?
"Oh, there you arel" he exclaimed, in
quick relief. "I was afraid you were
lost. Where have you been all tbla
time?"
"Down at the old logging camp," I an
swered. "What have you been doing there?"
"Oh, nothing!" I said, rather vague
ly. "Only thinking."
V He looked at me sharply, and from
that tlmo I fancied that he treated me
more seriously, or a If I were his own
age. I bad learned, he saw, the speH
of the wood.
Carry I iik the Mali
A very primitive method of carrying
the malls la in vogue In C'orea, a small
hut exceedingly conservative nation,
Tho ox cart Is here employed In tho pos:
tal service, nud It Is anything but a
rapid means of transit In China,
which Is also fairly unprogresslvc,
there Is more of nn attempt at speed.
Thcro aro two methods of carrying tho
malls there. The letters of tho man
darins nre delivered by special couriers,
frequently accompanied by military es
cort. Public letter uro carried by two
private companies. Tho first company
called tho "local" has the cities for Its
scat of operations; nnd the other, called'
tho "general" deliver letters to all
parts of the empire maintaining com
munlcatloil'with the far-off frontier
towns.
Canada Offers Lund.
Canada ha offered thirty-eight
square miles of laud to the Welsh col
ony In Patagonia vblcb hag been un
ablo to eko out existence there.
Ono of tbo most distressed looking
objects wo know nnythlng about Is a
pretty mau who lacks appreciation.
You receive many an unnecessary
whipping.
IN THE OIL COUNTUY.
'BRlNQIrJa, IN" A QU8HER NEAR
BEAUMONT, TEXA8.
Tales of tlio Oraat Itoom When for
tune Were Made In n Day Tha In
Itlul Dl.cuvcrr of (lit and tho !
c Imuuetit of tlia Oil Industry,
The chase of oil I almost a fascinat
ing a the chase of gold. And, In the
uuiln It Is nearly, If not unite, as profit
able. Tho greatest oil field lu tbo conn
try to-day Is lu Texas, with tha town
of Boauiiont ns Its center. Other fields
-notably those of Pennsylvania nnd
Ohio, are probably more roiiiunorotlvo
nt the pruaeut, but the Texau, In look
ing Into tho future, soea his own Stale
far overshadowing all others lu tho oil
Industry. Tho future of oil lu Texas
Is, beyond cavil, bound to be sensa
tional. For that matter, it Is sensation
nl already. Nowhere else on earth has
so much over boon accomplished lu so
short a lline; uowhero else havo binds
worth barely a few cents an ncro ad
vanced In value, far up Into thu thou
sands ns they liaVu In the Beaumont
district. Nowhere else. In fact, has de
velopment boon as rapid and remunera
tive. And as yet, the Texas oil Indus
try Is in Its Infancy, though millions of
dollars havo changed bauds sluca It
start.
Tbo advanco of nny wonderful boom,
whether In gold, oil or auytblng else, la
always attended with marvelous lo
ries of Individual strikes nud conse
quent enormous profits. Beaumont is
no exception to this rule. It Is but lit
tle more than n year since Beaumont's
first car of oil was.sont Into the outside
world. Since thnt time moro than 2,
000.000 of Imrrols have boon exported,
there are now nearly 3,000,000 of bar
rels In storage and probably 1.500,000
of barrels have been wasted before the
gushers could be capped or controlled.
The Ileailniont Fields,
When the oil excitement was at Its
height lu Boiltimout, tho Influx of peo
ple was so great that trains wero dally
run between that city and Houston, a
distance of a hundred miles, so that
people, could obtain hotel accommoda
tions. Some men with little moro than
the clothes they worn organized com
panies with capital of millions on pa
per. Anything In the shape of a lease
or land title was foundation enough
for nn airy structure to attract the at
tention of the gulllblo. The lust for
money was rampant. It was all a gam
ble. If fortune smiled, you made a
million: If not, you lost what you had.
But everybody seemed willing to take
the chance, to the full extent of his
pile.
Prices paid for land In the oil dis
A TEXAS SPOUTEll AT
trlct were fabulous. Two negroes, liv
ing In tumble-down shacks, received
for them $10,000 each. Men who want
ed to start a bank paid $10,000 for the
privilege of using a little barber shop,
and the same amount was paiu to n
small dry goods dealer whose lease wa
wanted by speculator. A firm paid
$150 a month for tho use of a platform
8x10, on which to conduct their opera
tions. Land went from $1 to $100,000
an acre In a few days.
Old Man" lllvulns.
"Old Man" Hlgglns, who bad been
looked upon for some time as a crank,
1 the roan who Is responsible for Beau
mont' boom. For five or lx year he
bad been talking about the possibilities
of striking oil at Spindle Top, his talk
at last becoming so Incessant and
wearisome that tho people refused
lo'ngnr to listen to him. That there
was oil In southwest Texas wa con
ceded, but that Spindle Top had great
possibilities In that direction waa look
ed upon as absurd.
At last, however, "Old Man" Hlgglns
succeeded In Interesting George W.
Carroll, president of a lumber company
and a. wealthy resident. Carroll put up
the cash and Hlgglns began tho search. I
Tho first well struck oil at about 500!
feet, but quicksand stopped operations. '
Tills was repeated In a second well.
Then Carroll drow out and the "folly"
of Hlgglns and Carroll was tho Joke
of the town. An observant mau named
Lucas did not bcllevo tho venture was !
an cntlro failure, however. Ho leased I
a small patch near by and sunk a shaft '
COO feet, finding oil and being stopped,
a were tho others, by quicksand, Be-1
llovlng that If this vein of quicksand
could bo pierced oil would bo struck
below It. Lucas went to Pittsburg, and
after much hard work obtained enough
capital to boro a well deep enough so
that his theory could be thoroughly
tested. When the drill had passed
dirough tho quicksand, what Is claluicj
s tho greatest reservoir In tho world
was struck, and In a nlgbt Beaumont
went crazy,
Scores of Hpouters.
Thcro aro now In the district between
150 and 100 spouters. A ono conse
quence, coal, the lowest ilrlco for
which had hitherto been $0 a' ton, Is
now very rarely used In southeast
Texas, oil having taken It pluco a
fuel.
Within four months, $2,000,000 wa
t,peut In advertising Beaumont oil com-
putes, some uf tho concerns having
least merit advertising tho most. A
good sham of them companies woro
swindles, puro nnd simple. Opporliml
lis for bunko gninos woro ninny nnd
wero all Improved.
Most of tho manufacturing plant In
southern Texas hnvo given up oonl nnd
aro using oil ns fuel. This at first oosls
considerable, but tho s.ivllig Is groat,
after tbo tlrst start Is made. One linn
which paid $1,200 for the necessary al
terations In their furnaces, say that
amount was saved In tho first six
mouths. Several of the divisions of
the Hantn Fo and Southern Pacific rail
roads have also given up coal for oil.
Arrangements nro being Hindu for pip
ing the Huh! oven ns far nway ns Now
Orleans, where. It Is nssorlod, It Is to
bo distributed to houses. In tho same
way aa ga.
"llrliiKluu In" a Wall,
The two engraving accompanying
this article wore made from snapshot
tub rinsr si-out.
photographs taker nt tbo "bringing" of
a gusher at Beaumont. After tho drill
had been sent through tho quicksand
and tho cap rock, the flinty substance
which la the roof of the cavern In
which Uie oil haa long been stored, It
was known thnt success had crown M
tho effort of tho drillers after Just n
year of labor. Tho drill was Immedi
ately hoisted out of tho 1, 100-foot pipe
which Incased It, and the bailer was
brought Into use. This Is a bucket
fastened to a contrivance which forces
It down Into the tube nnd thou pulls It
back out full of the mud, water and
grease which weighs .down thu oil at
the bottom. With ench dip of the bail
or, gas rises higher In the pipe, and
when tho pressure has been reduced fo
a point where It Is less than thnt of tho
THE FIBST GUSH OF Oil,
gas and oil underneath the flow com
mences, Along toward the Inst the bucket
came up with so much gas emulsified
with the mixture of mud and water
that the contents of the bucket fairly
boiled. Then came n time of groat
anxiety. Would she come In with a
rush, shoot the bailer away up through
tho top of the derrick and send nut u
great shower of greasy rain In nil ill
rcctlons, or would she come softly, with
a heavy, smooth flow? It was rfn ex
citing moment, when what was believ
ed to bo tbo last trip of the bailer was
commenced. Then, ns the bucket came
up there came with It n gush of brown
foam.
Then slowly, majestically, arose a
fountain of green fluid until there was
a steady stream uf oil reaching nearly
to the top V)f tho derrick. .Suddenly
there was a whlsh of gUH, as the hist
vestige of pressure over tho oil reser
voir wns removed nnd with a roar tho
grent Jet aroso far above the dorrlek.
Tho drillers then coiigrntuhitcd'ouo an
other most Joyfully, for, to all appear
ances, tho well was equal to a flow of
25,000 barrels a day, should Its full ra
pacity ever bo necessary.
At this tlmo tbo wind wa blowing a
gale and It was thought thcro would
bo less danger to tho derrick and well
If the stream wero turned to ono side.
The gnto vnlvo wns quickly shut, tho
Joint was placed nnd the plpo wns
shifted. Again tho gate wo turned
and out rushed a stream with a swish
nnd a roar loud enough to bo heard at
a great distance.
And that Is how n great gusher Is
brought In. It Is n tlmo of great ex
citement, among both spectators und
operator, and It consummation la
marked by a great tooting of cugluo
yvhlstles and yelling of men.
Tho largo picture accompanying this
article was taken at tho Instant the
great stream of oil shot out of tho pipe
after It bad been turned to ono Hide of
the derrick, Tho smalt picture show
the tame well when tile first flow had
nearly reached It height
Oil In the United States.
In tho production of petroleum, tho
United State lead tbo world, though
oil was used In Eaitcrn countries, no
tably China, long before tho dawn of
history. In Japan and Persia, It ha
been obtained from dug wells for ecu-trj-los.
Sprlr.gs of petroleum havo long
boon known In the CnucnMis luoniilulm
mid Urn Husshin ull Holds aro world
famous.
Tho first liienlluii of (ill In tl" '""
ed Hindu wns timilo by n I'liinclsi'iiii
missionary win round It lu Allegany
Oounly. N. Y lieforo HUM. This oil,
which ciiinn In Ihn surface lu springs,
was used by I ho Indians for medicinal
purposm. It was not until 1 85! I that
tho pott-oleum business of tho Hulled
Slalos reached nny great height. Pre
vious to that year, kerosene hud, In a
limited ettonl, boon manufactured out
of coal. The first well wns "brought
In" at the place wl o Tllusvlllo, Pa.,
now slnnds, on Aug. 110. IK5U. till wit
struck nl a depth of but 00 foot.
Tho scenes enacted thorn at that tlmo
have boon duplicated nt tbo opening of
every now Held since. Hpeculnlors
Hooked In from every part of the Unit
ed States and Oil Creek becanni fam
ous. Within a very few years, hun
dred or wells worn drilled along tho
tributaries of tho Allegany river.
Front Pennsylvania. Iho oil excite
ment extended westward until hun
dreds of wells had boon sunk oast of
tho Mississippi river In any and ull
places where for any reason thu dis
covery of oil might be expected, .Most
of these wells wore failures, but tho
exeliomout had the result of opening
up many now fields, notably In woslt-ru
Pennsylvania, lu parts of Ohio nud In
section of West Virginia, Kentucky
and Indiana, lu Ohio nnd Indiana,
natural gas came as a secondary dis
covery and this product Is now piped
lu great quantities to many cities, no
tably Chicago and Buffalo. In the hit
tor city, the use of natural gas for
healing and cooking purpose Is gen
eral. In Chicago but a limited part of
tho city Is. served, though tho pipe
of the company supplying the gas nro
being extended rapidly.
Tho Paelllc coast oil Holds woro first
worked In 1805. though tho early wells
woro Improperly located and failed to
produce oil lu paying quantities, Be
tween lS-vO and ISS7 thono fields fell
Into tho hands of Eastern oil men of
experience, who, after much experi
menting and many uuHiiocessfut at
tempts, struck oil In several counties
of California. Wells In Ventura nud
Iaik Angeles Counties, mum- of tho lat
ter being right lu the city of I.os An
geles, havo been profitable producer
oer since. Other oil regions of com
paratively largo value woru uncovered
lu Wyoming and Colorado.
Commercial petroleum Is found In
ItUMsIa In largo quantities, as well as
In Austria. Oil Holds In Peru produce
tbo fluid to n limited extent, but Iho
output Is sleadlly liierenslng under
proper management.
Oil wells -In Iho Pennsylvania fields
aro almost Invariably "shut" wltti nl-tro-gtycerlii,
contrary to tho bulling
method of Texas.
Test for I'rtrnlemn,
Tho tests of kenisouo, the common
burning fluid which Is thu most luiHirt
ant product of petroleum, are inadu for
the purposo of ascertaining nt what
temperature It will take tire and also
to find what proportion of naphtha. If
any, la bold lu the oil. At ordinary
temperatures, kerosene should extin
guish a match as readily na water; It
should not produce an Inflammable va
por under 110 degrees P., ami should
not take lire below 12.1 degrees F. lu
making tests, It Is always remembered
that oven n wry small proportion of
naphtha l exceedingly dangerous. Thu
first, or flashing test, Is made for tho
puriHiso of determining the lowest tem
perature at which nn Inllainmahle gnn
Is given off; tho second, or burning teat,
shows the lowest point at which the oil
Itself Is Inlhiinmnlile.
HOW TO JUDGE ADIAliioND.
Common Hense and Onnd Byestxht the
Only Kcilllsltcs.
"No," said tho dealer, "you don't need
to be an expert lu order to tell a good
diamond from a poor one. You need
only to have common souso and good
eyes nnd a magnifying glass. First
you examine the diamond's table. The
table la tho surface, ami It should bo
perfectly Hat and perfectly octagonal.
Then examine the circumference, and
If that Is round the gem la nt least,
you may be sure, well cut Now, for
Haws you look Into the diamond, using
tho glass here, for the reason, (hat n
Haw Imperceptible to the naked eye
will oflen lower u gem's value 50 or
00 per cent
"I-'Imwm lu diamonds resemble thoso
little feathery marks In Ice that we so
often see. though scratches on tho sur
face are'alsu Haws. If none aro to ha
found you study next tho color, re
membering that tho stool blue, becauss
It Is the most brilliant, Is tho most de
sirable and costly bun and thnt the
white comes next. Yellowish or off
color stones nre practically worthless,
but a perfect violet or amber or rose
diamond lirlngs n fancy price.
"Study finally the depth and weight
,nnd If the depth Is good you won't In
cheated If you pay $150 or $100 n cnral
for your stone. Before tho South Afri
can war." concluded the dealer, accord
ing to the Philadelphia Itecnrd. "you'd
only have paid $100, but $150, thanks
to tills war and the diamond trust nud
to thu heavier customs duties, I now
the market price,"
Wh it MakoM (Jreat Hnccesses.
It took me some time tu learn, hut I
did learn, that thu supremely grent
managers, such aa you havo these day,
never do any work themselves worth
speaking about: their point In to make,
other work whllu they think, I ap
plied this lesson In after life, ho that
business with mo has never been a
care. My young pnrtner did tho work
and I did tho laughing, nnd I commend
to you tho thought that there la very
llttlo success whero thcro Is Ilttlo
laughter. Tho workman who rejoices
In his work nud laughs away Its dis
comfort I tho tnnn sure to rise, for It
Is what wo do enslly, and what wo llko
to do, that wo do well. Andrew Camo
glo. Work of Wntoli Wheels.
Tho main wheel of a watch makes
1,400 revolutions a year, tbo central
wheel 8,700, tho third wheel 70.080,
tho fourth 625,000, and tho scapo
wheel 4,731,800.
Tree fur Westminster Abbey,
Officials of Westminster Abbey
chargo fees aggregating ov$r $2,000
when a memorial 1 plnctxl Ui tho abbey.
4.
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