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About Bohemia nugget. (Cottage Grove, Or.) 1899-1907 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 13, 1901)
PROM IMMHIMOT TO Til K NATION KoosovpII'h VWhI Mvhhuw Kor ttMijrruHHloiiul Attontiou I'ublltlly It licit Kcmctlv I'or Dni.lt Com. blnci-Exclude Chlnnc and Cu.rd All Iminlxrailon Uevli Our litnmli and l.d Culm Coiik lei Stand Alnni-lncreaie Hit Nvy, Improve the Army and Itcmnln the Wuild'i Uadliuj Nation WAHIIINCITON. lice. 3, . Proaltleinl Jlu.. i ll n nioaniign , ('.inarms follow: To l ln Mi'imiii mill Iltiuau uf iteurusunlti-tlVt-r Tin I'migrraa usscmhlfa III! year under tlir cliiuluw uf a great ruhimlty. nil tlm flth i.f Hi.iii.inliiT President MoKltilry wna Ithot by mi noun lllsl, while n 1 1 ' tl1 III K Ihn Pun-Aiiii-ririiii Kxpunlllnn, al lltirfalo, and died in tiim illy mi tho mil of dim month, llrli'f or I ln !( ' The nliiii'k, llio grief uf tlm country nro Miivi In Hi" mlntln of nil who saw the ilmk days whllo tho Prraldtml yot hov end Im Iwii'Ii life nml dentl. Win ii w turn from the man to tlm Nn thill I III' Ilium ilono In HO gfrltt iib to ox- "if gnu-rat apprehensions nml to do liiiiml mir wlicsl nml luont resolute action. This i timliinl won a prufoHMPil iimirchltei, Inlliiiiii.l liy tin' teachings of (irofiiMcil iiimr. IiIhIii. nml iirohithly nlso by Ihn reek Irmi tilt, rniii'i'ii uf those who, on thr atiimii n ml Hi I In- public prcrni, appeal to I ho elnrk nml r- v 1 1 il rlt uf innllcu nml greed, nv nml sullen hatred 'I lir Aitiireliltt In ii Miilefiirltir. Tin l-'i .li rnl Courts should In- given Jui ikiiii i ion uvit nity limn who kill r at ti'inpt" in kill thi. l'n nldi'in or any man wlm. liv thi' I 'oimttlutloii or liy Inw, la In I'll- "f K'H it iuti for thr Prt aldciiry, wliiii I In- I'unlrhnii'nt for nn unsiii'ri'aaful nii'tiiii rimiiiii tir iroiiorttnnl to iliv rii'iiiiilly or llii' ofTcnm ngnlnat our Inat tiiti.'im Amiri'hy In rrlmc uit'ilnet th n ii'ii. liuiiiiin riiii'i nml all muukln li "i 'I I. nml iiKiilnat the annrrtilal, lli iiitni' ahouid br made un oftenae iik.iii i tin luw of nations1, like pinny nnil Unit I ii in nf limn-al.-nllng known us III Inn' ini.l' , fur II U of fur blacker Infamy (linn ilihir Ii dliotilil lir o ilnliiri il by ii.. ill" ittiiiiiiK till civilized powers. Much in nil. witilil hi vii to tltr Federal liov ii in. nt ttir now. r of dealing with the ( run. iiciimimk; ciimhtio.vs. llii liiriitlnii nf Ciiiillili'iu'i' nml Hi-. turn of Prosperity. ImrltiK Un. Inst riv years buslncaa con flili i. '' hua been n atorrtl. anil tho N'n ti"n i tu In' i iiiiKr.itul.iti il brcnuae of lis im r. nt iilniunillnK prosperity. Hue-h proa iniltv i ii ii iii'it hi rrcnlrel liy Inw Hloni, nltii'iiiitli It la iiiiiikIi to destroy It liy nil". 111. viiiir Inwa. ruiHliiiiii-ntully, tin wiiriii. i.f iiii-h rltlzrn, nnd, therefore, tin- welfare of llit aggregate of citizens whl. Ii makes llu Nntloii, muat real iiihiii 1ii.I lilniil tlulfl nml energy, ri-anlutlon nml liili-lllgeiirti. NollilliK run tnko thi' I!iu ' 'it this Indlvldtnil capacity; hut wise Ii Klilntl'.ii mid honest nml intelligent ml tiiliil-initl.nl run give It tho f ii 1 1 t aconi' tin' i.i ruint opiioriutilty tu work to wood ff. it. I II II 1 1 am III lli'llllliu With Trnata An iiddltlniwil rcnann for rnutlon In dpiillnit with roriMirntlona la to lit1 found In thi' liitirniitliin.il comimrrliil condltlona of lodny. ' Tln wnp Inmlni'aa rondltlona whlh linvu iirmluciil thv uroKt HKKruk'u tlona of corporate nml liiiltvldunl wraith liovi' mailt- thi'tn viry iiotviit fHrtora In Inti riHitlimiil coniincrcliil i-omni lltlon llttalniKt concirna which have the InrKcal iniana at ttti-lr illapoanl and are inuiiHK'd liy f In- ntilimt men urn luittirnlly tnoai- will, h lain- ( tic l.'.nd In I lie alrlfo for ciitninin-lal aupriiiiiiry iiinunic tlio nil Hun.- nf tho world. America hntt only Ju-i In nun to nanunip that ronnniinilliiK inirltlon In tho Intrrnntloiuil hualmmi wot Id whli'h wi helli'Vii will moru and iiior.- Iif hern. It la of tho ulinoat Impor- tnnt-f that thin ioltlon ho not Jtonnr .itr.,1 cHiii't'lnllv nt n time when thr over. lliiwlnii ahiindancr of our own nnturnl rc- iniirtt'M nnd l ie skill. Iimtlneaa rnoriry nnu liiirhalili'iil aptltudp of our people makr foreiifti innrkrla martitlal. Under ruch nnitlllnna II WOllld lie IllOSt IIIIWle to crtnnp or to fetter tho youthful Htrength of our nallon. Mlx'lilrvntia I.enUliitliin. In ilenllnif with tiualneaa lnterest. for thr Government to undertake, liy crudr and lll-connMerod leRlxlatlon, to do what may turn out to he bad. would In to Inrur the rink of Hindi fnr-reachliiit national dlaaater thiit It would lie prof orable to undertake nothlnu t nil. Thi men who demand tho IiiipohbIIiIb or tin undi-Hlmblo ai-rve an the nlllea of the fnrrt'B with whli-h they ore nomlnnlly al wnr, for they hamper those who would endeavor to find out In rational fnshloti what the wrottKi really nrr nnd lo what extent and In what manner it Ih prncll cnhle to aupply remcdloH. All tliln Is true: and yet It In nlno tnn that there are rntl and itravr ovlla, om of tho thief helliK over-capltnllzalion be cauao of Its many baleful coiiBeiittenceB. nnd a reaiilule nnd praetleal effort muni bo innile to rorrcrt these ovlla. Itt'Uilliilloii of Coriiornlliina. There la n wldrapronil conviction In the minds, of the American peoplo that the jrrent corporation" known ib trustB art In certain of their featurcH and tcndin clcrt hurtful to tiio Bencrul welfare. Thh rprliiKH from no uplrlt of envy or un chnrllableneHB, nor lack of prldo In tin irrent Induatrlal ncltlevementH that Imye placed thin country nt tho head of the iintlons atruKBllnB for commercial Bit Srcmocy. It 1 uI,on Hlnccre Jonvictlon that combination and conc. tratlon Bhould be, not prohibited, but su ncrvlscd, and, within ronaonnhlo limits, controlled; and In my judgment this con viction JJ moni exist only be ,.. they nro created und unfcBiinrilcd Z our Mil tutlons, and It la. therefore our r mh and our duty to see that thej work Ir! harmony with thwo InHtitutlona. Nocelly f I-iil.llrlly. Tho flrat cwBcntlal In .letermlninB how to nVi with tho Krent Industrial comblnn fiona a kno w edBo of fucta-publlclty. Ariincia bodies, bucI. as corporations i Vnint mock or other associations, de- onerntloiiB hiiouiu ue m.iuo i I;;; "k it uniformity in '! nbout Hem; and "8 no stnto has any ex- Urimrtmrnt of Conimerro nnl n" Thcro should '"urV'Tcom" fleer to bo known as Secretary " i SSS. an? industries, n. prov Wed In he bill Introduced at tho wst husoiu 'V ho I a rg o co r I io rat I o n s . commonly called trusts thoiiBh orBunUcd In ono state, al wav. da ! btwIneiH In many Blot.... often d"lnB very little, business In tho . m U ''onitrpsB, It mintilil bn 1Mb lirnvlnrit to deal wllh coiimterct) In Its bronileat ai'tmr; Iii'-IiiiIIiik itiiionir inatiy ntlvr IIiIiikb what, ever concerns labor mid nil matters nffet-i-Iiik tho Blent IiiisIihhs corii'iriilloiiB nnd our mi-rcl.iiiii murine. With tlm sole rxti pllriii of the fnrmlnx Inlereat tin onti mailer la of aiieh vllal moiin-nt io mir whole people na thi' wil fnrr of llio wiiKo-worker, If the farmer nml I he wiiKu-wnrker lire well off, It la iilmolulely certain that nil olhera will be well off loo, It la, therefore, a mutter for huarty roiiKriitulntloti that, on thr wliole, wiiBet are hlKher today In the united Hi ll I en than ever before In our history nml far h'.Blier than In tiny other country. Tho standiinl or IIvIiik la also hinder t lift ri ever before. Hvery effort of li-Klahitor and ndtnlnUtrator should be bent to at auto tho perimineuiiy of tliln condition of thing; nml lis Improve ment whoirver ponalblr. I'liliirnr Ktrliinlon, Not only must our labor bo nrolecled liy tlio tariff, but It should nfno be pro tri'tt d, no far an It la ponnllile, from the prencino In IIiIh country of any laborers brmiKhl over by contract, or of thoan who. coiiiIiim: freely, yet reprcaent a standard of IIvIiik so (li preaseil I hill they cmi un tlrrnell our men In the labor market and drae lliini to a lower level, I regard It ns niceaaiiry, with thin end In view, lo re enact Iiihiii dhitily the law rxrliulliiK Chl nonn Inborera, and to Bin ni'then it win r ever necessary In order to make lis en- 'forcciticnt entirely trfrrtlvn, Trnili-N I'nliiiin, Tho inimt vital probletn with which this country, and for that innttrr the whoi clvlll.etl world, has lo deal, la the prod- mm wuieu nan ior ono aide tne iietur menl of noi-lnl conditions, moral and phy-Hli-nl. In In ru. cities, nnd for another slue thr effort to dial with that tnnglo of far- riuciiiiiK iiui'siion Whlcii we group toK'-tn-er when wr aponk of "labor." The chid fncior In the auccc-aa of each man waBt- woriti r, runner and capltiiliat nllke -iniini ever he the sum louil of hi own In dividual iiun'.ltli-a and abilities. Hecond only to thin rumen ihu power of act Inn; In ciimblnatliiii or aanoclatlnn with nthnra. Very Kniit uood ban been it nil will bu nct'ompllahrd by nnaocliilIotM or union of Wane-workera. when mnnofc-c-d with fori-tliuiiKliI mid when they com line Inalntrnce mmn their own rluhta Willi law-abldlnn respect for tho rtRhtn of oth- orn. Ili'tlce Iiniiilitriillnii l.niiN Ni'i'ileil, Uur present ImmlKrHtton laws me un satUfnitory. Wr nerd evtry honeat alio elllelint tininlKriiiit llliid to bec'imo an Amerlciin citizen, every tmmlKfant who oiiira horn to stay, who brlnRS hero a "tronx body, a atout liiart. n Kod litnO. and a resolute purpime to do his duty well In i very way, nnd to bring up bis chil dren na law-iibldliiK and Uod-foar.nK tiK'inbcin ot the community. Hut mere should bo a comprehensive law enacted with tho object of worklnB a three-fold ttnprovt ment over our prearnt M'stein. I'lrst. wr ahouid aim to excludo alolule .y not only all prreons who are known to be lirllevern In anarchistic principles or inemiii rn or nnnn hlstle societies. Iiut alto all persons who are of a low moral ten dency or of unsavory reputation. Thin means that we ethnuld require n more tlmr otiBh sjelrtn of Inspection tihrontl and a morn rmid system of examination nt our IminlBrittlon ports, the former bvlnB cn prcially necifsnry. The xi-cond nlijrct of n proper lminli?r!l tlon law ouBht to he to arcure, by a carw fill and not merely perfunctory educn tlonnl teat, aoino IntclllKent capacity to npliri'riaie American instnutinnn ami lit' annely an Amerlciin cltlzi-ns. Tills woultl not keep out all anarchists, for many tu them bcloiiK to the Intelllicent criminal clns. Iiut It would do what la also In point, tli.il Is, tend to decrease tho sum of iBnornnci', ao potent In prnduclitB thi rnvy, nuaph Ion. mnlhcnanl passion nnu hatred of order, out of which anarchistic sentiment Inevitably sprlnus. Finally, nil ptrsona should lie t-xeludrd who lire Im'Iou j certain tmidrd nf economic Illness to enter our Induatrlal Held an competitors with American lalior I lot ti tho educattonnl and economic lest In a wise Imir.lKriitlon law chunk bo do slBiicd to protect mid rlcvatr the Kcnernl body, ivillllr ami social. A very close nu- nil social. A very close ru- ln'rvlsloii should be rxerclsett over the atvniiuihlp coi'.pnnlea, which mainly brlnB over the ImtnlKKints. and Ihey ahouid be held lo a strict accountability for any Infraction of the law. Turin- Itcvlslnii llnrlfiil. Thrro Is ui-neral nciiulcscencr In our nrrsi'iit tariff system as ii Natlonnl policy. The llrnt reiiulslle to our prmptrily Is the continuity mid slnhlllty of this economic policy. NothltiB could be more unwise than to disturb tho hunlncaa Interest of the country by nny general tariff cbiinKe at this tlrnu Iteclproclty must be treated ns the hand maltlen of protection. Our llrat duty Is to see thnt tho protection xnintcd by tin tariff In every case where it la nee-ded la maintained, anil that reciprocity be aouKht for so far as it can safely he done with out Injury to our home industries. I nsk the intention of tho Hennte to tho reciprocity I real I on la d bcroro It by my pretieceisor. Ciniilltloii tif tin Mrrcluint Miirlitc Tho condition of the Americnn mer chant marine la such na to call for Imme diate remedial action by tho ConBresa. it is discreditable to us ns a Nation thnt our merchant marine nhottld be utterly InslKitlllcnnt In comparison to that of oilier nations which wr overtop In other rorms or iiuaincNi. wr miouni not longer submit to conuitions under wmrii only a Irllllnir portion of our it rout commerce Is carried in our own snips. l-'liiiinrliil Mutters. Tho net of March H, 1DO0, Intended un equivocally to establish Bold as tho stand ird money and to maintain at u parity therewith nil form of the money medium In use with us, has been shown to be timely and Judicious. Tho price of our aovernment IhjiuIs In the worlds mar ket, when compared wllh the price ot similar ouiiBations issueu uy omer nn lions, la a IhitterliiB tribute to our public credit. This condition It Is evidently lie alrablu to maintain. In many respects tho National bankltiB law furnishes sulllcicnt liberty for the proper exercise of the bnnkliiB function; but thero Bcems to be need of better snfcBuarda iiBnlnst the dermiBlnB Influence of commercial crises und financial panics Moreover, tho currency of the country ahouid bo miidu rmponsivo to tne uo mnnda of our domestic tniuo anu com merce. Surplus In the Trenniiry. The collections from duties on Imports ami Internal taxes continue to oxceed the ordinary expenditures of tho aovernment, thanks mnlnly to tho reduced Army ex pendltureaT Thd utmost caro should be taken not to retiuco tno revenues so inui there' will be any possibility of a deficit; but. after tirovIdltiR nsalnst nny buch con tinseney, means suoiiiti uo nuopicu win will brine tlio revenues more nearly with in ihn limit of our nctual needs. In his report to tho Congress tho Secretary of tho Treasury considers nil thco questions at length, and I ask your nttcntion to tlio report and recommendations, I enll esneclal attention to tho need of strict economy in expenuuures. ino mci that our National neeus roruui us io uo nlBBiudly in provniliiB wnaiever is aciuui ni.eessarv to our well-beins should niako us uouuiy careiui iu iiubuihi "i National resources us each of us liusbnnejs i.i. nrivnto resources, by scrupulous avold- anco of anything like wasteful or reck less expenditure. Iiilrralnlu Commerce I.uw. in 1S87 n mensuro was enacted for the rnirulatlon of Interstate railways, com monly known ns the Interstate commerce aot. Tho cardinal piovlslons of that net were thnt railway rates should bo Just and reasonable, and thnt oil shippers, local Itlcs nnd commodities should bo accorded cnual treatment. A commission was ere ated nnd endowed with what wero sup posed to bo tho necessary powers to oxe euto tho provisions of thU act. The act snoum uo iiit. way Is u publlo servunt. Its rates should REVIEW OF PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE. Preserve forests. Increase the navy. Exclude the Chinese. Enforce eight hour laws. Iittlld Pacific cable at once. L'ulld I he Nicaragua canal. Extend and foster reciprocity. Eulogy of President McKlnley. Keep out uneducated foreigners. Adv ses no change in tarilf laws. Government irrigation of arid lands. Sweeping condemnation of anarchy. Labor unions are wise and neces sary. O Remember the nation't toldlen In all wars. Imitt upon merit lyttem In civil tervtce. y r it.. -t iui).iuvci uui nut giciuy inutt 0 the army, Publicity in dealing with combines of every form. J Develop new islands on traditional American lines. Abandon treating Indians as tribes, and deal with them as individuals. Develop merchant marine and carry American goods in American vessels. Im J tin I to and open to all alilppera nln. The Oovernment should aeu to It that within Its jurisdiction thin In so, and should provide a speedy, Inexpensive und effective remedy to thnt end. Dt'pitrlint'iil of Aierlrnlliirr. The Uepartment of Agriculture, dtirlnB the past IS years, baa atendlty broadened Its work on economic lines, and has ac coinpllahcd rirulta of real value In up building domestic and forrlKti trade. It has cone Into new fields until It la now In touch with all sections of our country nnd wllh two of the Inland ktouiw that have lately cenne tinder our Jurisdiction, whose people muat look to aBricullure na a Uve- lllftiod. It la aearrhiiiB the world for Kralno, Brasses, fruits anil vegetables spe cially fitted for Introduction Into locnlltli-a of thr several states and territories where tlicy may add materially to our rraourccH. Vlllllt nf the KorrMln, Public opinion throughout the Unlte-el Klntes has moved atcaiilly toward a Just ppr elation of the value of forests, whether planted or of natural (growth. 'Hie Breat part played by them In the creation and maintenance of thn National wealth Is now more fully realized than ever iH-forr. Thr prartlcnl usefulness of the National forest reserves to thr mlnltiB. BrnzlnB. Ir rigation and other Interests of the region In which the p-wrves Ilo haa led to a wide, spread demand by thr people of tho WrM for their protection and rxtenalon. Tho foreat reaervea will Inevitably be of still Brratrr use In thr future than in tho past. Additions ahouid be made to them when ever practicable, and their usefulness ahouid be Increased by a thoroushly business-like management. I'rotretleiii of Iteae-rveK. At prearnt the protection of thr forrat reserves lests with the General Land Of fice, the mnpplnB and description of their timber with thr United Suites UroloBlcal Survey, and the preiKiratlon of pinna for tneir conservative use wiin tne nurrnu of I-'oreatry, which is also charged with the Bcncral advancement of practical for intry In the United States. These vari ous functions ahouid bo united In the Hu man of KortKtry. to which they properly belong. Tin. u-lan ndmlnlslrnllnn of the forrat rraervra will be not le-as helpful to the Intereata which depend on water than to those" which depend on wood and grass. Thr watrr supply Itself deM-nds upon the rnreat. in me nnu ri'Bion it is wnier, not land, which measures production. Thr wt sl.-rn half of the United Slates would sustain u population greater than thnt of our whole country today If tho waters that now run io waste were aaved eind used for irrigation. The fnrcat and water problems are perhaps the most vital Inter nal iiuestlons of the United States. Certain of the foreat reserves should also lie mado preserves for the wild foreat creature. All of the reserves should be better protected from fires. KorfUilH Are Ilrne-rveilrn. The forests are natural reservoirs. By restraining the streams In Hood and re plenishing them In drought they make possible the use of waters otherwise wast ed. They prevent tho coll from washing, mid o protect the storage reservoirs from I lining up wun silt. l-orcst conservation is, therefore, nn essential condition of water conservation. The forests nlone cannot, however, fully icgulato and conserve the waters of the urld region. CI rent storage works are neci'BHary lo rquei.lze the How of streams and to save the Hood wuteTH. Their con struction has been conclusively shown to be an und" t taking too vast for private effort. Nor cun It bo best accomplishi'd by thr Individual states acting alone. Far reaching Interstate problems are Involved; nnd the resources of single state would often be Inadequate. It Is properly n Na tlonnl function, at least in soma of its features. Tho aovernment should construct nnd maintain theso reservoirs ns it does other public works. Where their purpose Is to rcBulnte tho How of streams, the water should be turned freely Into the channels In the dry mason, to tako the samo course under tho same Iiiuh ns tho natural flow. Itee'lltlnllmr Ariel I.iiiiiIn. will build homes upon It. To accomplish this object water must be brought within their reach. Tho reclamation nnd settlement nf thn ntHil In. iila will nlll-li-li nt'ipl. nnrllnn nt m country. Just as the settlement of the Onlo 1 und Mississippi Valleys brought prosperity J to the Atlantic States. The increased de- ninnil for manufactured articles will mlm ulate Industrial production, whllo wider homo markets and the trade of Asia will consume the larger food supplies nnd ef fectually prevent Western competition with liastern ngrlculture. Indeed, tho products of irrigation will bo consumed chiefly in upbuilding local centers of min im? nnd oilier inuustries. which wnuld otherwise not como into existence nt nil. Our peoplo as u whole will prollt, for suc cessful home-making is but another name for the upbuilding of tno .Nation. tiio necessary tounuation has already been laid for tho Inauguration of tho pol icy just uescrioea. it wouia oo unwise lo begin by doing too much, for a great deal will doubtless be learned, both as to what can nnd what cannot be safely at tempted, by the early efforts, which must of necessity bo partly experimental In character. At tho very beginning the aov ernment should make clear, beyond shad ow of doubt, Its Intention to pursue, this policy on lines of the broadost public In terest. No reservoir or canal should ever bo built to satisfy selfish pcrsonul or lo cal Interests, but only In accordance wl'h the advice of trained experts, after lone Investigation has shown tho locality whero all tho conditions comblno to make tho work moat needed and fraught with the greatest usefulness to the community ns a whole, There' Bhould be no extrava gance, and tho believers in the need of Irrlgntlon will most benefit their cause by seeing to It that It is freo from tho least taint of excessive or reckless expenditure of tlio publlo moneys. KxtciiHlnn eif Irrigation. Whntover the Nation docs for tho ex tension of Irrlgntlon should harmonize with, and tend to Improve, the condition of those now living on Irrigated land. We nre not at the stnrting point of this devel opment. Over $200,000,000 of private cap ital has already been expended In the con- The reclamation of the unsettled arid 1 ihn ei,nin,.in. . i, ntin,.B.t c-nm tho public lands presents a different problem, i ihuin in.. 7 mim. in i.in v .hmiM exere,ge" mignt laKe tne .form oi iicia it is Just Here 11 la not enough to regulnto tho How i --- ... ... - maneuvers; or, ir on tne uuir (.-oast or me nnnulatlon r .irnn,. Th. ni,7j.i ni it. n....! not defer a day lonner tlvm necessary the I t'nciiic nr Atlnntin .nhnnrd nr tn thn population a ... ,llun.!.n r. h.. ln.,,1 a .n"ln. I. I nn n n I ri I c 1 1 nn nf eiif-h n cnliln TI 1. de. I mulnn nf thn Clmnt f nlin. tha'Armu nnrivi I ment Of the ' atrtietlon of irrigation works, nnd mnny mll.lon eicrea of arid land rcr:almrd. A hlKh d'-itrer of enterprise nnd ability haa hern shown In the work Itso'f; but .is mil' h 'utin.it im snld In reference to the lnw ri i ' in k thru to The aer ittlty an-J va 'f il. e home 4 created de pond large ly r,n the slulil'ily of tlt'ea to witter; nut I the tn i!'rl'y o' these reat on the unci r tnln foindnilon of court decisions rn ! dered In ordinary nulla at law. With i few ciedltable txceptlnna, the arid states have fulled 'o provide for the certain and just division of streams In tlmra of ei.are I Ity. I.hx nnd unrertiln Inwa have mails it possitiie tu establish rlKlits to water in excess of eictunl use or neceaaltlea, nnd many streams hnvo already passed Into private nwrirshlp, or a control equivalent to ownersMo. WiIIoii'i. Aid .Iiisllllt-il, The hi ni'iits which have followed the unaided diveiopment of the paat Justify tho Nation's nld and re-operation In the more dinicnit and Important work yet to he accompll-died I VI I I.Alt JIATI'IMtH. lunt III- limn- to llrveliip Wlm I HmuiiII. In Hawaii our aim must be to develop thr territory on thr traditional Ameri can Mors. We do not wish a refjlon of hirer estates tilled by cheap labor; wr wish a healthy American community of men who thetnsrlvrs till the farma tiny own. Ail our legislation for the Islands ahouid Im shnried with thla end In view: I the w.ll In ing of the average home-mak-I er must afford the true teat of the healthy i.cve opment of the Islands. The land policy should nn nearly as poaaible be modeled on our homestead system. I'orlli II leu. It ta a pleasure to say that It la hardly more necessary to report aa to Porto tlleo than ns to any state or tcrrttoty within our continental limit. Tho Inl and la thriving aa never before, and It in being administered efiiclently and honest ly. Its pioplc arc now enjoying liberty and order under tho protection of the United States, and upon thla fact we con gratulate them and ourselves. Cnhri. In Cuba such progre-sn haa been made toward putting the Independent govern ment of the island upon a firm footing that before the present nesslon of the Con gress closes this will be an accomplished fact. Cuba will then start as her own tnlatress; and to the biautlful Queen of the Antilles, as she unfolds this new page of her destiny, we extend our heartiest greetings and good wishes. Rlaewherc I have discussed thr quest Ion of reciprocity. In the case of Cuba, however, there are weighty reaaona of inorullty and of Na tional inte-rtst why the policy Bhould be held to have a peculiar application, and I most earnestly nsk your attention to the wladom, Indeed to the vital need, of pro viding for a substantial reduction In the tariff duties on Cuban Imports Into the United States. The Philippines, In the Philippines our problem is larg er. They are very rich tropical Islands, Inhabited by many varying trlbea, repre acntlng widely different stages of pro Kress toward civilization. Our earnest effort Is to help these people upward along the atony and difficult path that leads to self-government. We hope to mako our administration of tho lslandi honorable to our Nation by making It ot the highest bene-nt to the Filipinos them selves: and aa nn earnest of what we In tend to do. we point to what we have done. Already a greater measure of ma terial proapcrlty and of governmental honesty and elllclcncy haB been attained In the Philippines than ever before In their history. Troubles SHU Abend. There nre still troubles ahead In the Islands. Tlv? Insurrection has become an affair of local banditti and marauders, who deserve no higher regard than the brignnda of portions of the Old AVorid. Kncouragement, direct or Indirect, to these Insurrectos stands on the name footing as encouragement to hostile Indians in the days when wr still had Indian wars. Ex actly as our aim Is to give to the Indian who remains peaceful the fullest and amplest consideration, but to have It un derstood that we show no weakness if he goes on the warpath, so we must makr It evident, unless' we are false to our own traditions nnd to tho demands of clvlllzn tlon and humanity, that while we will do everything in our power for the Filipino who Is peaceful, we will take the sternest measures with the Filipino who follows the path of the Insurrecto and the lodrone. Aelilltleimil I.e-Klnlntlein Xeceleet The time has come when there should bs additional legislation for tho Philip pines. Nothing better enn be done for the Islands than to introduce Industrial enter- ...i ...... 1. 1 u i ,i. .i,. imai-a. .-tuwiuiK nuum ui-ucuk mem .u mlich ns throwing them open to Industrial tieveioumem. ine connection uttwi-i-n i .nana nn.l m al ta n.nii.ph n I nnrt no opportunity to do remunerative worg is ono of tne surewt preventives or war. niumi-. nu uueimca man " i-u . the Philippines unless It is to his Interest to do so; and It la Immensely to tha In terest of the Islands that he should go in. It Is, therefore, necessary that the Con gress should nass laws by which the re sources of tho Islands can be developed. litem ue given co tne incoming oi uusiiieas men of every kind. Purine Cable I call your attention most earnestly to the crying need of a cablo to Hawaii and manded not merely for commercial, but for political and military considerations, Klther tho Congress should Immediately provide for tho construction of a Govern mont cable, or else an arrangement should b" made by which like advantages to those accruing from a Government cable may be secured to tho Government by contract with a private cablo company. NICARAGUA CANAL. Work of the Greatest Importance to the American People No single great material work which remains to be undertaken on this contl nent Is of euch consequence to the Amer- Icon people as tho building of a canal across the Isthmus connecting North and South America, Hs Importance to the .Nation is by no means limited merely to Its material effects upon our business prosperity; and yet with view to these effects alone It would be to the last de gree important for us Immediately to be gin it. I am glad to be able to announce ti you thnt our negotiations on this subject with Great Britain, conducted on both suies in a spirit of friendliness and mu tual good will and respect, have resulted In my belna- abln to lnv before the Senate I a treaty which If ratified will ennble us to begin preparations for nn Isthmlnn can- nl at any time, and w.blch guarantees to this Nation every right that It has ever asked In connection with tho canal Monroe Doctrine. Tho Monroe Doctrine should bo the car. dlnal feature of the foreign policy , nl l . OS an tne nations of the two Americas omu.wco U1 w.u umiiua ...... maneuv-r fn nenqo nnd nn n cnmhnrn; 'x ot Dusiness energy ana prosperity its so that franchises (for limited terms of "y". '"scale83 lS" time" Sf "fed no receipts grow so much faster than Its ex years) can be granted to companies doing amount of individual excellence would penses that the annual deficit has been business in them, and every encourage- avail ncalnst tho narnlvsis which would atendllv reduced from S11.41t.T79 In 1RI7 ir. it Is of the United State. Just .78 years hsfactorlly It tho arrangements have not iiivo passed since i-rwiucnc .iionrue in his annual message announced that "the American continents uro henceforth not to bo considered as subjects for future cuiuiiiaaiiuii ay any n,ulOp0aii power, in other words, the Monroe Doctrine Is a declaration that thern must hn nn tern, i i . T.. - ,, i declaration that there must be no tern- torlal aggrandizement by any non-Amer- ....... ui mu Mfcmn 1 can power on American soil. It Is In no of ' wise Intended ns t-ctllr to tiny nation In' th Old World. Sti I letw U It Intended i to give cover to any ritcgresjlnii by one New Wnr'.d power nt tne ex pense of any other. It Is aimply a step, und a iong attp, toward Honoring the unl veranl peace of the worul by securing thn possibility of permanent peuco on thi i hemisphere. XAVV UHI'AimilJXT, Work of IJiihtitlilltiic II Must lie feleittllly Coiillniiril, Tho work of upbuilding the Navy must be steadily continued. No one point ot our poilcy, foreign or domestic, la more Im portant than thla to the honor nnd nut t.rlai welfare, and above all to the peace, of our Nation In the future. Whether we dietlre It or not, wo muat hencefortn rtcognlzt! that we have International du ties no leas than International right, Ien if our flag were hauled down In the Philippines nnd Porto niro, even If we decided not to build the Isthmian canal, we Mm. u. 'i necu a lnoiui.Kii.y tiamtti .tuvy of adequate size, or else be prepared defin itely and for all time to nbandon the Idea thnt our Nation la among those whose sons go down to the aca In shlrst. IJnlerti our commerce l always to bo carried in foreign bottoms, we must have war craft to protect it. .Should lie n Cessation. There ahouid be. no cessation In the work of complet'ng our Navy. So far ingenuity haa been wholly unable to ele viae .-. aubat:tute for tho great war craft whose hammering guns beat out the mastery of the high cas. It Is unsafe and unwlac not to provide thla year for aeveral additional battle-ship and heavy armored cruisers, with auxiliary and i:ghter craft In proportion; for the exact numbers and character I refer you to the report of the Sicretnry of the Navy. Hut there la something we need even more than additional ships, and thla la addi tional oltlcrra and men. To provide bat-tle-ahlps and crulseree and then lay them up, with the expectation of leaving them unmanned until they are needed In actual war, would be worse than folly; it would be a crime against the Nation. Thr .nvnl Mllltln. The naval militia forces are state organ ization, and are trained for count service, and, In event of war, they will conatltute tho Inner line of defense. They ahouid re ceive hearty encouragement from, the General Government. Hut in addition we ahouid at once pro vide for u Nnt.onal naval reserve, organ ized and trained under the direction of tho Navy Department, nnd subject to the coll of the Chief Executive whenever war bc-comin imminent. It ahouid be a real auxiliary to the naval seago.ng peace ea tahllahment, and olfcr mateilal to be drawn on at once for manning our ships in time of war. It ahou.d be compoaed of giaduatea of the Naval Academy, grad uates of the naval mll.tla, ofilcera and rrew of coasf-llne steamers, longshore schooners, fiehlng veoaels nnd xteam yachts, together with thr coaat population about such centers as life-saving statlona and lighthouses. WAIl I)KIltTMi:.T. Army la Lnrxi- KiioiikIi nt the Pres. ent Time. It Is not necessary to Increase our Army beyond Its preaent size at this time. But It Is necessary to keep It at the highest point of elllclency. The individual units who aa ofilcera and enlisted men compose this Army, are, we have good reason to believe, at least as efficient as those of any other army In the entire world. It Is our duty to see that their training la of a kind to Insure the highest possible expression of power to these un.ts when acting in combination. The conditions of modern war are such as to make an infinitely heavier demand than ever before upon the Individual char acter and capacity of the ofllcer and the enlisted man, and to make it far more difficult for men to act together with nf. ieci. ai present ino ngnimg must be done in extended order, which means that each man must act for himself and nt fhnm lime net In rnmhlnnllnn with AViVC whom he, is no IonBer In the bld-fMhloned elbow-to-elbow touch. Under such rnn- unions a few men of the highest excel lence are worm more man many men wnnout me special skui wnich Is only found as the result of snecleil trntnfni- nn. plied to men of exceptional physique and morale. Hut nowadays the most valuable ugiuing man ana me most difficult to per feet Is the rlfit-man who la also n skti.ful and daring rider. The proportion of our cavalry regiments iiua wisely oeen increasea. Ccn crtil Staff. A general staff should be created. As ior ine prescne stau ana supply depart rSenfr mTsUVd1 bUTS diTalls from the line, the men so detailed return- Ine after a while to their line duties. It 'jt very undesirable to have the senior graaes or tne Army composed of men who nave come to nil the nositlons bv the mere fact of seniority. A system s'hould 6 . "'J iX" 9 l"" S " W . ha .1 ..... ,i ,,. ,. .v.i-1. . i. .. ... - ii i nituted should be made a Dermanent Gov- "".". ii.c.o iuii i n i elimination, erode tiv craiie nr tnnun wnn seem unlit to render the best service In mi iit Bmuf, justice io me veterans Ul IIIU I.IV11 War Wtlll nre SI111 in inPIK..f .1 olnl .1 i. D-nnnmln nml .nn fl e.l ,aw the aame DI.Ivllees accorded to their uuuiruues in inn in'v. ' iciu i.Aere'ies Our Armv is so small and so much scat. tered that It is verv difficult to clve the higher olilcers (as well as the lower nlllccrs and tho enlisted men) a chance to ornctice miiuw iiiuuiuiy io wotk aa a conereni ,0.n.K"a"iiul?n?. "."'H? 'La-u.erI whereby it will be possible to have Held wherever established has been so marked, exercises by at least a division of resu- and actual experience has made its bene Inrs, and, If possible, also a division of fits so plain, that the demand for Its ex. National Guardsmen once a year. These tension is general and urgent. ivhen assembled Khnnid lie mnrcho.1 frnm somo inland point to somo point on the waier, mere emoarKeu, aisemoarKeu arier a couple pf days' Journey at some other point, nnd again marched Inland. Only by actual handling and providing for men uy uciuui iiuiiuiitiK aim pruviuniK ior t en in masses while they are marching, camp- ing, emuarKing ana aisemoarKinc. win it bo possible to train the higher otttcers to perform their duties well and smoothly. llcorjsuiilaliigr the Army, fi.nh imi.l ha. nlrnmli. nnma tmm Ihn act reorganizing the Army, passed early in tho present year. The three prime re forms, all of them of literally Inestimable value, are, first, the substitution of four- year details from the line for permanent nntnlntman. In thn .n.nnllc olr.IV II, . I appointments In tho so-called staff dlvl- aionsi second, the establishment of a corps or artillery with a chief at the head; third, tho establishment of a max imum and minimum limit for the Army. It woulu be dlHlcult to overestimate the improvement in tne efficiency of our Army which these three reforms are making, ana nave in part mreaay effected. Volunteer Farces Anllrni Bhmttil ho tnlepn In rAfernnr-A tn I the militia nnd to the raising of volunteer forces. Our militia law Is obsolete and worthloss. Tho organization and arma- mene nf thn Nntlnnn (lunril of Ihn .nvnr.-il aintra which nm imnteii n. miuiin in im appropriations by the Congress, should be made Identical with those provldod for tne regular forces. The obligations and duties of the gunrd In time of war should be carefully detlned, nnd a system estah- I'sheil liv law under which thn tnr.thn.1 of procedure of raising volunteer forces ahouid bo prescribed in ndvance. It la ut ! ', ,T, . . . ' "v terly Impossible in tho excitement nnd hnsta or linnondlnir wnr In iln thi. .nt. been made long beforehand. Provision should bo mado for utilizing in the Hrst volunteer organizations called out the training nr thewn citizen. wi, i! rendy hod experience under arms, and especially for the selection in ndvance Tnr th' n, 7 " V?....av?? ,? ' . " i the otilcers of any force which may be raised for careful selection ot tho kind UVi. - uy ea imposaiuie uiier ine ouioreag war, Debt Our (o the Vriernnn Who Snvrtl the Union. Nn other citizens deserve ao well ot the llrpuhllr ns thr vrternna, the sur vivors uf those who saved the Union, Thoy in. i ine one deed which. If left undone, would have mennt that all else in our history went for nothing. Iiut for their atindfnat proweae In the greatest crisis ot orr hutory, nil our annals would bo mean ingless, and our great experiment in pop ular freedom and self-government a gioomy failure. Civil Srrvlrr. I recommend the pasange of a law wliloh will extend the classified aervlco to the IJiatrlct of Columbia, or will nt least enable the Prealdent thus to extend It. In my judgment all Inwa providing for the temporary employment of clerks ohoiilil hereafter contain provision that they be selected under the civil service law. It la Important to havo thla system obtain at home, but It la even more Im portant to have It applied rigidly In our Insular possessions. Not an olllco should be tilled In the Philippines or Porto Itlco with any regard to the man's partisan afllllntlnnB or services, with any regard to the political, social or personal influence wnicn tie may have nt hla command: In short, herd ahouid be paid to absolutely nothing savo tho mnn'B own character and capacity and the needs of the serv ice. The merit avstem ta almntv one method ol Becurlng honest and i itlcient adminis tration or tnr uovcrnmcnt; nnd in tno long run the sole Justification of any typo of government Ilea In its proving Itself both honeat and efficient. Consular Service. The consular servico is now organized under the provisions of a law passed In ISM, which Is entirely Inadequate to ex isting conditions. The Interest ahown by ao many commercial bodies throughout the country In the reorganization of tho service la heartily commended to your at tention. Several bills providing for a new consular service have In recent years been submitted to Congress. They aro baaed upon the Just principle that ap pointments to the service should be made only after a practical test of the appli cant's fitness, that promotions should be governed by trustworihvncas, adaptabil ity and zeal In the performance of duty, and that the tenure of office should bo unaffected by partisan considerations. Treatment of Inillniis. In my Judgment the time has arrived when we should definitely make up our minds to recognize the Indian as an Indi vidual and not aa a member of a tribe. The general allotment act la a mighty pulverizing engine to break up the tribal mass. It acts directly upon the family and the Individual. Under Its provisions some 60,000 Indians have already become citizens of the United States. We should now break up the tribal funds, doing for them what allotment does for the tribal lands that Is, they should be divided into individual holdings. There will be a tran sition period during which the funds will In many cases have to be held In trust. Thla Is the case, also, with the lands. A stop should be put upon the Indiscrim inate permission of Indians to lease their allotments. The effort should be stead ily to make the Indian work like nny oth er man on his own ground. The mar riage laws of the Indians should be mado the same as those of the whites. St, Loilla nxnnaltlnn. I bespeak the most cordial sup port from the Congress and the people for the St. Louis Kxposl tton to commemorate the 100th an niversary of the Louisiana Purchase. The people of Charleston, with great energy and civic spirit, are carrying on an exposition which will continue throughout the most of the present ses sion of Congress. I heartily commend this exposition to the good-will of the people. I.thrnry nt CnnKres. Perhaps the most characteristic cduca- . I ...... I mm.AmAnfr it Ilia nail fSi VAflN Ia ' ..j .u i. inai WHICH ima "" " ' n" U1,c "brar' a JeLP i 'X,- "rJIS active service. There are now over 5000 nubile libraries in the United States, the product of this period. In nddltlon to ac cumulating material, they are also striv ing by organization, by Improvement in method, and by co-operation, to give grenter efficiency to the material they hold, to make It more widely useful, and by avoidance oi unnecessary duplication In process to reduce the cost of Its ad ministration. In these efforts thev naturally look for assistance to the Federal library, which, though still the Library of Congress, and s? 19 h,e one NatlonaI oC n0 United btates. Pcrmmieiit Cennna Ilurenn. For the sake of good administration. sound economy and the advancement ot """"" -----, , ------ -- - . , -,-. . - i ernmenc Dureau. iius wouia insure Hei Iter, cheaper and more satisfactory work. i m me interest not otuy ot our uuaineas. The- Postal Service. Tho remarkable growth of tho postal service Is shown In the fact that Its reve. nues have doubled and Its expenditures have nearly doubled within 12 years. Its progressive development compels con stantly Increasing outlay, but In this re "c s"" "u"u' "ul ' f $3,923,727 In 1901. Among recent postal ad vances the success of rural free delivery thnt the great agricultural should share In the Improve. service. The number of rural routes now In operation Is C009. practically all established within three years, and there are tow applications awaiting action n Is expected that the number In opera, .ion nt thn close of thn current hmi J.. "? ' e e"!.,fls??L yea ,uiii Mn.i, Ci-m Tho mnn n.m . . . r h '1 .reac!.1 jf)0,,T';e mali -ilLl11" ba lq'." e "" ,iw,uwui our people who have heretofore been depend. em upon uistant oiuces, ana one-third of all that portion of the country which la adapted to It will be covered by this kind ' service. Chinese Situation. Owing to the rapid growth of our power and our Interests on the Paclflc. whatever happens In China muat be of the keenest Xnlnn.t nnnn ... National concern to us. The general terms ot the settlement nr the questions growing out of the nntl forelgn uprisings in China of 1900. been formulated In a Joint note addressed to China by the representatives of the injured powers In December last, wero promptly accepted by the Chinese Gov ernment, After nrotrnctetl ennferonon. the plenipotentiaries of the several powers WCrG able tO sign tt final nrotncnl wllh tll ci,,"es8 Plenipotentiaries on the 7th ot last September, setting forth tho mcas- ures taicen oy China In compliance with ma UL-iuuiius oi ine joint note nnit . pressing their satisfaction therewith re wl" 06 la'd before the Congress, with a r.onor.' ot tlu) Plenipotentiary on behalf ot '"e , un,leu Btnos. Mr. William Woodvlllo Ijockhlll, to whom high praise is due for f"" "'"i gou juagment and energy h lias uispmyeu in nerformlne- nn nvimiilAn ally dllllcult nnd delicate task. The agreement reached disposes In n. .n.v.....wtii, IDMI.-IIBU UlVpUSCS m O, manner satisfactory to the powers of thn . , . l" "... l'u"rs OI tno contribute materially Yn tir t.Vll lations between China ami thn nnwnV. Under the provisions of th in,J, S of December law rhinn h Jlnt 10ta .lmDr' .1?00- 9,llna ha agreed to- gation and to tnkn 7ieh nti... . ' thJ , ? ,', u?,h ot',er steDS 'or tne.Purr088. ' facilitating fore an trade. bv 10 ino ireneifm nr immmnm. .1 .. , uB tho foreign Mim7raly . h needed. powers may deotda to ba THEODORE nnnncvDi 1. White House, December 3, 1901.