PROM IMMHIMOT
TO Til K NATION
KoosovpII'h VWhI Mvhhuw Kor
ttMijrruHHloiiul Attontiou
I'ublltlly It licit Kcmctlv I'or Dni.lt Com.
blnci-Exclude Chlnnc and Cu.rd All
Iminlxrailon Uevli Our litnmli and l.d
Culm Coiik lei Stand Alnni-lncreaie Hit
Nvy, Improve the Army and Itcmnln the
Wuild'i Uadliuj Nation
WAHIIINCITON. lice. 3, . Proaltleinl
Jlu.. i ll n nioaniign , ('.inarms follow:
To l ln Mi'imiii mill Iltiuau uf iteurusunlti-tlVt-r
Tin I'migrraa usscmhlfa III! year under
tlir cliiuluw uf a great ruhimlty. nil tlm
flth i.f Hi.iii.inliiT President MoKltilry wna
Ithot by mi noun lllsl, while n 1 1 ' tl1 III K Ihn
Pun-Aiiii-ririiii Kxpunlllnn, al lltirfalo, and
died in tiim illy mi tho mil of dim month,
llrli'f or I ln !( '
The nliiii'k, llio grief uf tlm country nro
Miivi In Hi" mlntln of nil who saw the
ilmk days whllo tho Prraldtml yot hov
end Im Iwii'Ii life nml dentl.
Win ii w turn from the man to tlm Nn
thill I III' Ilium ilono In HO gfrltt iib to ox-
"if gnu-rat apprehensions nml to do
liiiiml mir wlicsl nml luont resolute action.
This i timliinl won a prufoHMPil iimirchltei,
Inlliiiiii.l liy tin' teachings of (irofiiMcil
iiimr. IiIhIii. nml iirohithly nlso by Ihn reek
Irmi tilt, rniii'i'ii uf those who, on thr atiimii
n ml Hi I In- public prcrni, appeal to I ho
elnrk nml r- v 1 1 il rlt uf innllcu nml greed,
nv nml sullen hatred
'I lir Aitiireliltt In ii Miilefiirltir.
Tin l-'i .li rnl Courts should In- given
Jui ikiiii i ion uvit nity limn who kill r at
ti'inpt" in kill thi. l'n nldi'in or any man
wlm. liv thi' I 'oimttlutloii or liy Inw, la In
I'll- "f K'H it iuti for thr Prt aldciiry,
wliiii I In- I'unlrhnii'nt for nn unsiii'ri'aaful
nii'tiiii rimiiiii tir iroiiorttnnl to iliv
rii'iiiiilly or llii' ofTcnm ngnlnat our Inat
tiiti.'im Amiri'hy In rrlmc uit'ilnet th
n ii'ii. liuiiiiin riiii'i nml all muukln
li "i 'I I. nml iiKiilnat the annrrtilal,
lli iiitni' ahouid br made un oftenae
iik.iii i tin luw of nations1, like pinny nnil
Unit I ii in nf limn-al.-nllng known us III
Inn' ini.l' , fur II U of fur blacker Infamy
(linn ilihir Ii dliotilil lir o ilnliiri il by
ii.. ill" ittiiiiiiK till civilized powers. Much
in nil. witilil hi vii to tltr Federal liov
ii in. nt ttir now. r of dealing with the
( run.
iiciimimk; ciimhtio.vs.
llii
liiriitlnii nf Ciiiillili'iu'i' nml Hi-.
turn of Prosperity.
ImrltiK Un. Inst riv years buslncaa con
flili i. '' hua been n atorrtl. anil tho N'n
ti"n i tu In' i iiiiKr.itul.iti il brcnuae of lis
im r. nt iilniunillnK prosperity. Hue-h proa
iniltv i ii ii iii'it hi rrcnlrel liy Inw Hloni,
nltii'iiiitli It la iiiiiikIi to destroy It
liy nil". 111. viiiir Inwa. ruiHliiiiii-ntully, tin
wiiriii. i.f iiii-h rltlzrn, nnd, therefore,
tin- welfare of llit aggregate of citizens
whl. Ii makes llu Nntloii, muat real iiihiii
1ii.I lilniil tlulfl nml energy, ri-anlutlon
nml liili-lllgeiirti. NollilliK run tnko thi'
I!iu ' 'it this Indlvldtnil capacity; hut wise
Ii Klilntl'.ii mid honest nml intelligent ml
tiiliil-initl.nl run give It tho f ii 1 1 t aconi'
tin' i.i ruint opiioriutilty tu work to wood
ff. it.
I II II 1 1 am III lli'llllliu With Trnata
An iiddltlniwil rcnann for rnutlon In
dpiillnit with roriMirntlona la to lit1 found
In thi' liitirniitliin.il comimrrliil condltlona
of lodny. ' Tln wnp Inmlni'aa rondltlona
whlh linvu iirmluciil thv uroKt HKKruk'u
tlona of corporate nml liiiltvldunl wraith
liovi' mailt- thi'tn viry iiotviit fHrtora In
Inti riHitlimiil coniincrcliil i-omni lltlon
llttalniKt concirna which have the InrKcal
iniana at ttti-lr illapoanl and are inuiiHK'd
liy f In- ntilimt men urn luittirnlly tnoai-
will, h lain- ( tic l.'.nd In I lie alrlfo for
ciitninin-lal aupriiiiiiry iiinunic tlio nil
Hun.- nf tho world. America hntt only
Ju-i In nun to nanunip that ronnniinilliiK
inirltlon In tho Intrrnntloiuil hualmmi
wot Id whli'h wi helli'Vii will moru and
iiior.- Iif hern. It la of tho ulinoat Impor-
tnnt-f that thin ioltlon ho not Jtonnr
.itr.,1 cHiii't'lnllv nt n time when thr over.
lliiwlnii ahiindancr of our own nnturnl rc-
iniirtt'M nnd l ie skill. Iimtlneaa rnoriry nnu
liiirhalili'iil aptltudp of our people makr
foreiifti innrkrla martitlal. Under ruch
nnitlllnna II WOllld lie IllOSt IIIIWle to
crtnnp or to fetter tho youthful Htrength
of our nallon.
Mlx'lilrvntia I.enUliitliin.
In ilenllnif with tiualneaa lnterest.
for thr Government to undertake, liy
crudr and lll-connMerod leRlxlatlon, to do
what may turn out to he bad. would In
to Inrur the rink of Hindi fnr-reachliiit
national dlaaater thiit It would lie prof
orable to undertake nothlnu t nil. Thi
men who demand tho IiiipohbIIiIb or tin
undi-Hlmblo ai-rve an the nlllea of the
fnrrt'B with whli-h they ore nomlnnlly al
wnr, for they hamper those who would
endeavor to find out In rational fnshloti
what the wrottKi really nrr nnd lo what
extent and In what manner it Ih prncll
cnhle to aupply remcdloH.
All tliln Is true: and yet It In nlno tnn
that there are rntl and itravr ovlla, om
of tho thief helliK over-capltnllzalion be
cauao of Its many baleful coiiBeiittenceB.
nnd a reaiilule nnd praetleal effort muni
bo innile to rorrcrt these ovlla.
Itt'Uilliilloii of Coriiornlliina.
There la n wldrapronil conviction In the
minds, of the American peoplo that the
jrrent corporation" known ib trustB art
In certain of their featurcH and tcndin
clcrt hurtful to tiio Bencrul welfare. Thh
rprliiKH from no uplrlt of envy or un
chnrllableneHB, nor lack of prldo In tin
irrent Induatrlal ncltlevementH that Imye
placed thin country nt tho head of the
iintlons atruKBllnB for commercial Bit
Srcmocy. It 1 uI,on Hlnccre
Jonvictlon that combination and conc.
tratlon Bhould be, not prohibited, but su
ncrvlscd, and, within ronaonnhlo limits,
controlled; and In my judgment this con
viction JJ moni exist only be
,.. they nro created und unfcBiinrilcd
Z our Mil tutlons, and It la. therefore
our r mh and our duty to see that thej
work Ir! harmony with thwo InHtitutlona.
Nocelly f I-iil.llrlly.
Tho flrat cwBcntlal In .letermlninB how to
nVi with tho Krent Industrial comblnn
fiona a kno w edBo of fucta-publlclty.
Ariincia bodies, bucI. as corporations
i Vnint mock or other associations, de-
onerntloiiB hiiouiu ue m.iuo i
I;;; "k it uniformity in '!
nbout Hem; and "8 no stnto has any ex-
Urimrtmrnt of Conimerro nnl n"
Thcro should '"urV'Tcom"
fleer to bo known as Secretary " i
SSS. an? industries, n. prov Wed In he
bill Introduced at tho wst husoiu
'V ho I a rg o co r I io rat I o n s . commonly called
trusts thoiiBh orBunUcd In ono state, al
wav. da ! btwIneiH In many Blot.... often
d"lnB very little, business In tho . m U
''onitrpsB, It mintilil bn 1Mb lirnvlnrit to
deal wllh coiimterct) In Its bronileat ai'tmr;
Iii'-IiiiIIiik itiiionir inatiy ntlvr IIiIiikb what,
ever concerns labor mid nil matters nffet-i-Iiik
tho Blent IiiisIihhs corii'iriilloiiB nnd
our mi-rcl.iiiii murine.
With tlm sole rxti pllriii of the fnrmlnx
Inlereat tin onti mailer la of aiieh vllal
moiin-nt io mir whole people na thi' wil
fnrr of llio wiiKo-worker, If the farmer
nml I he wiiKu-wnrker lire well off, It la
iilmolulely certain that nil olhera will be
well off loo, It la, therefore, a mutter
for huarty roiiKriitulntloti that, on thr
wliole, wiiBet are hlKher today In the
united Hi ll I en than ever before In our
history nml far h'.Blier than In tiny other
country. Tho standiinl or IIvIiik la also
hinder t lift ri ever before. Hvery effort of
li-Klahitor and ndtnlnUtrator should be
bent to at auto tho perimineuiiy of tliln
condition of thing; nml lis Improve ment
whoirver ponalblr.
I'liliirnr Ktrliinlon,
Not only must our labor bo nrolecled
liy tlio tariff, but It should nfno be pro
tri'tt d, no far an It la ponnllile, from the
prencino In IIiIh country of any laborers
brmiKhl over by contract, or of thoan who.
coiiiIiim: freely, yet reprcaent a standard
of IIvIiik so (li preaseil I hill they cmi un
tlrrnell our men In the labor market and
drae lliini to a lower level, I regard It ns
niceaaiiry, with thin end In view, lo re
enact Iiihiii dhitily the law rxrliulliiK Chl
nonn Inborera, and to Bin ni'then it win r
ever necessary In order to make lis en-
'forcciticnt entirely trfrrtlvn,
Trnili-N I'nliiiin,
Tho inimt vital probletn with which this
country, and for that innttrr the whoi
clvlll.etl world, has lo deal, la the prod-
mm wuieu nan ior ono aide tne iietur
menl of noi-lnl conditions, moral and phy-Hli-nl.
In In ru. cities, nnd for another slue
thr effort to dial with that tnnglo of far-
riuciiiiiK iiui'siion Whlcii we group toK'-tn-er
when wr aponk of "labor." The chid
fncior In the auccc-aa of each man waBt-
woriti r, runner and capltiiliat nllke -iniini
ever he the sum louil of hi own In
dividual iiun'.ltli-a and abilities. Hecond
only to thin rumen ihu power of act
Inn; In ciimblnatliiii or aanoclatlnn with
nthnra. Very Kniit uood ban been it nil
will bu nct'ompllahrd by nnaocliilIotM or
union of Wane-workera. when mnnofc-c-d
with fori-tliuiiKliI mid when they com
line Inalntrnce mmn their own rluhta Willi
law-abldlnn respect for tho rtRhtn of oth-
orn.
Ili'tlce Iiniiilitriillnii l.niiN Ni'i'ileil,
Uur present ImmlKrHtton laws me un
satUfnitory. Wr nerd evtry honeat alio
elllelint tininlKriiiit llliid to bec'imo an
Amerlciin citizen, every tmmlKfant who
oiiira horn to stay, who brlnRS hero a
"tronx body, a atout liiart. n Kod litnO.
and a resolute purpime to do his duty well
In i very way, nnd to bring up bis chil
dren na law-iibldliiK and Uod-foar.nK
tiK'inbcin ot the community. Hut mere
should bo a comprehensive law enacted
with tho object of worklnB a three-fold
ttnprovt ment over our prearnt M'stein.
I'lrst. wr ahouid aim to excludo alolule
.y not only all prreons who are known to
be lirllevern In anarchistic principles or
inemiii rn or nnnn hlstle societies. Iiut alto
all persons who are of a low moral ten
dency or of unsavory reputation. Thin
means that we ethnuld require n more tlmr
otiBh sjelrtn of Inspection tihrontl and a
morn rmid system of examination nt our
IminlBrittlon ports, the former bvlnB cn
prcially necifsnry.
The xi-cond nlijrct of n proper lminli?r!l
tlon law ouBht to he to arcure, by a carw
fill and not merely perfunctory educn
tlonnl teat, aoino IntclllKent capacity to
npliri'riaie American instnutinnn ami lit'
annely an Amerlciin cltlzi-ns. Tills woultl
not keep out all anarchists, for many tu
them bcloiiK to the Intelllicent criminal
clns. Iiut It would do what la also In
point, tli.il Is, tend to decrease tho sum
of iBnornnci', ao potent In prnduclitB thi
rnvy, nuaph Ion. mnlhcnanl passion nnu
hatred of order, out of which anarchistic
sentiment Inevitably sprlnus. Finally, nil
ptrsona should lie t-xeludrd who lire Im'Iou
j certain tmidrd nf economic Illness to
enter our Induatrlal Held an competitors
with American lalior
I lot ti tho educattonnl and economic lest
In a wise Imir.lKriitlon law chunk bo do
slBiicd to protect mid rlcvatr the Kcnernl
body, ivillllr ami social. A very close nu-
nil social. A very close ru-
ln'rvlsloii should be rxerclsett over the
atvniiuihlp coi'.pnnlea, which mainly brlnB
over the ImtnlKKints. and Ihey ahouid be
held lo a strict accountability for any
Infraction of the law.
Turin- Itcvlslnii llnrlfiil.
Thrro Is ui-neral nciiulcscencr In our
nrrsi'iit tariff system as ii Natlonnl policy.
The llrnt reiiulslle to our prmptrily Is the
continuity mid slnhlllty of this economic
policy. NothltiB could be more unwise
than to disturb tho hunlncaa Interest of
the country by nny general tariff cbiinKe
at this tlrnu
Iteclproclty must be treated ns the hand
maltlen of protection. Our llrat duty Is
to see thnt tho protection xnintcd by tin
tariff In every case where it la nee-ded la
maintained, anil that reciprocity be aouKht
for so far as it can safely he done with
out Injury to our home industries.
I nsk the intention of tho Hennte to
tho reciprocity I real I on la d bcroro It by
my pretieceisor.
Ciniilltloii tif tin Mrrcluint Miirlitc
Tho condition of the Americnn mer
chant marine la such na to call for Imme
diate remedial action by tho ConBresa. it
is discreditable to us ns a Nation thnt
our merchant marine nhottld be utterly
InslKitlllcnnt In comparison to that of
oilier nations which wr overtop In other
rorms or iiuaincNi. wr miouni not longer
submit to conuitions under wmrii only a
Irllllnir portion of our it rout commerce Is
carried in our own snips.
l-'liiiinrliil Mutters.
Tho net of March H, 1DO0, Intended un
equivocally to establish Bold as tho stand
ird money and to maintain at u parity
therewith nil form of the money medium
In use with us, has been shown to be
timely and Judicious. Tho price of our
aovernment IhjiuIs In the worlds mar
ket, when compared wllh the price ot
similar ouiiBations issueu uy omer nn
lions, la a IhitterliiB tribute to our public
credit. This condition It Is evidently lie
alrablu to maintain.
In many respects tho National bankltiB
law furnishes sulllcicnt liberty for the
proper exercise of the bnnkliiB function;
but thero Bcems to be need of better
snfcBuarda iiBnlnst the dermiBlnB Influence
of commercial crises und financial panics
Moreover, tho currency of the country
ahouid bo miidu rmponsivo to tne uo
mnnda of our domestic tniuo anu com
merce. Surplus In the Trenniiry.
The collections from duties on Imports
ami Internal taxes continue to oxceed the
ordinary expenditures of tho aovernment,
thanks mnlnly to tho reduced Army ex
pendltureaT Thd utmost caro should be
taken not to retiuco tno revenues so inui
there' will be any possibility of a deficit;
but. after tirovIdltiR nsalnst nny buch con
tinseney, means suoiiiti uo nuopicu win
will brine tlio revenues more nearly with
in ihn limit of our nctual needs. In his
report to tho Congress tho Secretary of tho
Treasury considers nil thco questions at
length, and I ask your nttcntion to tlio
report and recommendations,
I enll esneclal attention to tho need of
strict economy in expenuuures. ino mci
that our National neeus roruui us io uo
nlBBiudly in provniliiB wnaiever is aciuui
ni.eessarv to our well-beins should
niako us uouuiy careiui iu iiubuihi "i
National resources us each of us liusbnnejs
i.i. nrivnto resources, by scrupulous avold-
anco of anything like wasteful or reck
less expenditure.
Iiilrralnlu Commerce I.uw.
in 1S87 n mensuro was enacted for the
rnirulatlon of Interstate railways, com
monly known ns the Interstate commerce
aot. Tho cardinal piovlslons of that net
were thnt railway rates should bo Just and
reasonable, and thnt oil shippers, local
Itlcs nnd commodities should bo accorded
cnual treatment. A commission was ere
ated nnd endowed with what wero sup
posed to bo tho necessary powers to oxe
euto tho provisions of thU act.
The act snoum uo iiit.
way Is u publlo servunt. Its rates should
REVIEW OF PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE.
Preserve forests.
Increase the navy.
Exclude the Chinese.
Enforce eight hour laws.
Iittlld Pacific cable at once.
L'ulld I he Nicaragua canal.
Extend and foster reciprocity.
Eulogy of President McKlnley.
Keep out uneducated foreigners.
Adv ses no change in tarilf laws.
Government irrigation of arid lands.
Sweeping condemnation of anarchy.
Labor unions are wise and neces
sary. O Remember the nation't toldlen In
all wars.
Imitt upon merit lyttem In civil
tervtce.
y r it.. -t
iui).iuvci uui nut giciuy inutt 0
the army,
Publicity in dealing with combines
of every form.
J Develop new islands on traditional
American lines.
Abandon treating Indians as tribes,
and deal with them as individuals.
Develop merchant marine and carry
American goods in American vessels.
Im J tin I to and open to all alilppera nln.
The Oovernment should aeu to It that
within Its jurisdiction thin In so, and
should provide a speedy, Inexpensive und
effective remedy to thnt end.
Dt'pitrlint'iil of Aierlrnlliirr.
The Uepartment of Agriculture, dtirlnB
the past IS years, baa atendlty broadened
Its work on economic lines, and has ac
coinpllahcd rirulta of real value In up
building domestic and forrlKti trade. It
has cone Into new fields until It la now In
touch with all sections of our country nnd
wllh two of the Inland ktouiw that have
lately cenne tinder our Jurisdiction, whose
people muat look to aBricullure na a Uve-
lllftiod. It la aearrhiiiB the world for
Kralno, Brasses, fruits anil vegetables spe
cially fitted for Introduction Into locnlltli-a
of thr several states and territories where
tlicy may add materially to our rraourccH.
Vlllllt nf the KorrMln,
Public opinion throughout the Unlte-el
Klntes has moved atcaiilly toward a Just
ppr elation of the value of forests,
whether planted or of natural (growth.
'Hie Breat part played by them In the
creation and maintenance of thn National
wealth Is now more fully realized than
ever iH-forr.
Thr prartlcnl usefulness of the National
forest reserves to thr mlnltiB. BrnzlnB. Ir
rigation and other Interests of the region
In which the p-wrves Ilo haa led to a wide,
spread demand by thr people of tho WrM
for their protection and rxtenalon. Tho
foreat reaervea will Inevitably be of still
Brratrr use In thr future than in tho past.
Additions ahouid be made to them when
ever practicable, and their usefulness
ahouid be Increased by a thoroushly business-like
management.
I'rotretleiii of Iteae-rveK.
At prearnt the protection of thr forrat
reserves lests with the General Land Of
fice, the mnpplnB and description of their
timber with thr United Suites UroloBlcal
Survey, and the preiKiratlon of pinna for
tneir conservative use wiin tne nurrnu
of I-'oreatry, which is also charged with
the Bcncral advancement of practical for
intry In the United States. These vari
ous functions ahouid bo united In the Hu
man of KortKtry. to which they properly
belong.
Tin. u-lan ndmlnlslrnllnn of the forrat
rraervra will be not le-as helpful to the
Intereata which depend on water than to
those" which depend on wood and grass.
Thr watrr supply Itself deM-nds upon the
rnreat. in me nnu ri'Bion it is wnier, not
land, which measures production. Thr
wt sl.-rn half of the United Slates would
sustain u population greater than thnt
of our whole country today If tho waters
that now run io waste were aaved eind
used for irrigation. The fnrcat and water
problems are perhaps the most vital Inter
nal iiuestlons of the United States.
Certain of the foreat reserves should also
lie mado preserves for the wild foreat
creature. All of the reserves should be
better protected from fires.
KorfUilH Are Ilrne-rveilrn.
The forests are natural reservoirs. By
restraining the streams In Hood and re
plenishing them In drought they make
possible the use of waters otherwise wast
ed. They prevent tho coll from washing,
mid o protect the storage reservoirs from I
lining up wun silt. l-orcst conservation
is, therefore, nn essential condition of
water conservation.
The forests nlone cannot, however, fully
icgulato and conserve the waters of the
urld region. CI rent storage works are
neci'BHary lo rquei.lze the How of streams
and to save the Hood wuteTH. Their con
struction has been conclusively shown to
be an und" t taking too vast for private
effort. Nor cun It bo best accomplishi'd
by thr Individual states acting alone. Far
reaching Interstate problems are Involved;
nnd the resources of single state would
often be Inadequate. It Is properly n Na
tlonnl function, at least in soma of its
features.
Tho aovernment should construct nnd
maintain theso reservoirs ns it does other
public works. Where their purpose Is to
rcBulnte tho How of streams, the water
should be turned freely Into the channels
In the dry mason, to tako the samo course
under tho same Iiiuh ns tho natural flow.
Itee'lltlnllmr Ariel I.iiiiiIn.
will build homes upon It. To accomplish
this object water must be brought within
their reach.
Tho reclamation nnd settlement nf thn
ntHil In. iila will nlll-li-li nt'ipl. nnrllnn nt m
country. Just as the settlement of the Onlo 1
und Mississippi Valleys brought prosperity J
to the Atlantic States. The increased de-
ninnil for manufactured articles will mlm
ulate Industrial production, whllo wider
homo markets and the trade of Asia will
consume the larger food supplies nnd ef
fectually prevent Western competition
with liastern ngrlculture. Indeed, tho
products of irrigation will bo consumed
chiefly in upbuilding local centers of min
im? nnd oilier inuustries. which wnuld
otherwise not como into existence nt nil.
Our peoplo as u whole will prollt, for suc
cessful home-making is but another name
for the upbuilding of tno .Nation.
tiio necessary tounuation has already
been laid for tho Inauguration of tho pol
icy just uescrioea. it wouia oo unwise lo
begin by doing too much, for a great
deal will doubtless be learned, both as to
what can nnd what cannot be safely at
tempted, by the early efforts, which must
of necessity bo partly experimental In
character. At tho very beginning the aov
ernment should make clear, beyond shad
ow of doubt, Its Intention to pursue, this
policy on lines of the broadost public In
terest. No reservoir or canal should ever
bo built to satisfy selfish pcrsonul or lo
cal Interests, but only In accordance wl'h
the advice of trained experts, after lone
Investigation has shown tho locality whero
all tho conditions comblno to make tho
work moat needed and fraught with the
greatest usefulness to the community ns
a whole, There' Bhould be no extrava
gance, and tho believers in the need of
Irrlgntlon will most benefit their cause by
seeing to It that It is freo from tho least
taint of excessive or reckless expenditure
of tlio publlo moneys.
KxtciiHlnn eif Irrigation.
Whntover the Nation docs for tho ex
tension of Irrlgntlon should harmonize
with, and tend to Improve, the condition
of those now living on Irrigated land. We
nre not at the stnrting point of this devel
opment. Over $200,000,000 of private cap
ital has already been expended In the con-
The reclamation of the unsettled arid 1 ihn ei,nin,.in. . i, ntin,.B.t c-nm tho
public lands presents a different problem, i ihuin in.. 7 mim. in i.in v .hmiM exere,ge" mignt laKe tne .form oi iicia it is Just
Here 11 la not enough to regulnto tho How i --- ... ... - maneuvers; or, ir on tne uuir (.-oast or me nnnulatlon
r .irnn,. Th. ni,7j.i ni it. n....! not defer a day lonner tlvm necessary the I t'nciiic nr Atlnntin .nhnnrd nr tn thn population
a ... ,llun.!.n r. h.. ln.,,1 a .n"ln. I. I nn n n I ri I c 1 1 nn nf eiif-h n cnliln TI 1. de. I mulnn nf thn Clmnt f nlin. tha'Armu nnrivi I ment Of the
' atrtietlon of irrigation works, nnd mnny
mll.lon eicrea of arid land rcr:almrd. A
hlKh d'-itrer of enterprise nnd ability haa
hern shown In the work Itso'f; but .is
mil' h 'utin.it im snld In reference to the
lnw ri i ' in k thru to The aer ittlty an-J
va 'f il. e home 4 created de pond large
ly r,n the slulil'ily of tlt'ea to witter; nut
I the tn i!'rl'y o' these reat on the unci r
tnln foindnilon of court decisions rn
! dered In ordinary nulla at law. With i
few ciedltable txceptlnna, the arid states
have fulled 'o provide for the certain and
just division of streams In tlmra of ei.are
I Ity. I.hx nnd unrertiln Inwa have mails
it possitiie tu establish rlKlits to water in
excess of eictunl use or neceaaltlea, nnd
many streams hnvo already passed Into
private nwrirshlp, or a control equivalent
to ownersMo.
WiIIoii'i. Aid .Iiisllllt-il,
The hi ni'iits which have followed the
unaided diveiopment of the paat Justify
tho Nation's nld and re-operation In the
more dinicnit and Important work yet to
he accompll-died
I VI I I.Alt JIATI'IMtH.
lunt III- limn- to llrveliip
Wlm I
HmuiiII.
In Hawaii our aim must be to develop
thr territory on thr traditional Ameri
can Mors. We do not wish a refjlon of
hirer estates tilled by cheap labor; wr
wish a healthy American community of
men who thetnsrlvrs till the farma tiny
own. Ail our legislation for the Islands
ahouid Im shnried with thla end In view:
I the w.ll In ing of the average home-mak-I
er must afford the true teat of the healthy
i.cve opment of the Islands. The land
policy should nn nearly as poaaible be
modeled on our homestead system.
I'orlli II leu.
It ta a pleasure to say that It la hardly
more necessary to report aa to Porto
tlleo than ns to any state or tcrrttoty
within our continental limit. Tho Inl
and la thriving aa never before, and It in
being administered efiiclently and honest
ly. Its pioplc arc now enjoying liberty
and order under tho protection of the
United States, and upon thla fact we con
gratulate them and ourselves.
Cnhri.
In Cuba such progre-sn haa been made
toward putting the Independent govern
ment of the island upon a firm footing
that before the present nesslon of the Con
gress closes this will be an accomplished
fact. Cuba will then start as her own
tnlatress; and to the biautlful Queen of
the Antilles, as she unfolds this new page
of her destiny, we extend our heartiest
greetings and good wishes. Rlaewherc I
have discussed thr quest Ion of reciprocity.
In the case of Cuba, however, there are
weighty reaaona of inorullty and of Na
tional inte-rtst why the policy Bhould be
held to have a peculiar application, and I
most earnestly nsk your attention to the
wladom, Indeed to the vital need, of pro
viding for a substantial reduction In the
tariff duties on Cuban Imports Into the
United States.
The Philippines,
In the Philippines our problem is larg
er. They are very rich tropical Islands,
Inhabited by many varying trlbea, repre
acntlng widely different stages of pro
Kress toward civilization. Our earnest
effort Is to help these people upward
along the atony and difficult path that
leads to self-government. We hope to
mako our administration of tho lslandi
honorable to our Nation by making It ot
the highest bene-nt to the Filipinos them
selves: and aa nn earnest of what we In
tend to do. we point to what we have
done. Already a greater measure of ma
terial proapcrlty and of governmental
honesty and elllclcncy haB been attained
In the Philippines than ever before In
their history.
Troubles SHU Abend.
There nre still troubles ahead In the
Islands. Tlv? Insurrection has become an
affair of local banditti and marauders,
who deserve no higher regard than the
brignnda of portions of the Old AVorid.
Kncouragement, direct or Indirect, to
these Insurrectos stands on the
name footing as encouragement to
hostile Indians in the days when
wr still had Indian wars. Ex
actly as our aim Is to give to the Indian
who remains peaceful the fullest and
amplest consideration, but to have It un
derstood that we show no weakness if he
goes on the warpath, so we must makr
It evident, unless' we are false to our own
traditions nnd to tho demands of clvlllzn
tlon and humanity, that while we will do
everything in our power for the Filipino
who Is peaceful, we will take the sternest
measures with the Filipino who follows
the path of the Insurrecto and the lodrone.
Aelilltleimil I.e-Klnlntlein Xeceleet
The time has come when there should
bs additional legislation for tho Philip
pines. Nothing better enn be done for the
Islands than to introduce Industrial enter-
...i ...... 1. 1 u i ,i. .i,.
imai-a. .-tuwiuiK nuum ui-ucuk mem .u
mlich ns throwing them open to Industrial
tieveioumem. ine connection uttwi-i-n
i .nana nn.l m al ta n.nii.ph n I nnrt
no opportunity to do remunerative worg
is ono of tne surewt preventives or war.
niumi-. nu uueimca man " i-u .
the Philippines unless It is to his Interest
to do so; and It la Immensely to tha In
terest of the Islands that he should go in.
It Is, therefore, necessary that the Con
gress should nass laws by which the re
sources of tho Islands can be developed.
litem ue given co tne incoming oi uusiiieas
men of every kind.
Purine Cable
I call your attention most earnestly to
the crying need of a cablo to Hawaii and
manded not merely for commercial, but
for political and military considerations,
Klther tho Congress should Immediately
provide for tho construction of a Govern
mont cable, or else an arrangement should
b" made by which like advantages to
those accruing from a Government cable
may be secured to tho Government by
contract with a private cablo company.
NICARAGUA CANAL.
Work of the Greatest Importance to
the American People
No single great material work which
remains to be undertaken on this contl
nent Is of euch consequence to the Amer-
Icon people as tho building of a canal
across the Isthmus connecting North and
South America, Hs Importance to the
.Nation is by no means limited merely to
Its material effects upon our business
prosperity; and yet with view to these
effects alone It would be to the last de
gree important for us Immediately to be
gin it.
I am glad to be able to announce ti
you thnt our negotiations on this subject
with Great Britain, conducted on both
suies in a spirit of friendliness and mu
tual good will and respect, have resulted
In my belna- abln to lnv before the Senate I
a treaty which If ratified will ennble us
to begin preparations for nn Isthmlnn can-
nl at any time, and w.blch guarantees
to this Nation every right that It has
ever asked In connection with tho canal
Monroe Doctrine.
Tho Monroe Doctrine should bo the car.
dlnal feature of the foreign policy
, nl
l
. OS
an tne nations of the two Americas
omu.wco U1 w.u umiiua ...... maneuv-r fn nenqo nnd nn n cnmhnrn; 'x ot Dusiness energy ana prosperity its
so that franchises (for limited terms of "y". '"scale83 lS" time" Sf "fed no receipts grow so much faster than Its ex
years) can be granted to companies doing amount of individual excellence would penses that the annual deficit has been
business in them, and every encourage- avail ncalnst tho narnlvsis which would atendllv reduced from S11.41t.T79 In 1RI7 ir.
it Is of the United State. Just .78 years hsfactorlly It tho arrangements have not
iiivo passed since i-rwiucnc .iionrue in
his annual message announced that "the
American continents uro henceforth not
to bo considered as subjects for future
cuiuiiiaaiiuii ay any n,ulOp0aii power, in
other words, the Monroe Doctrine Is a
declaration that thern must hn nn tern,
i i . T.. - ,, i
declaration that there must be no tern-
torlal aggrandizement by any non-Amer-
....... ui mu Mfcmn 1
can power on American soil. It Is In no of
' wise Intended ns t-ctllr to tiny nation In'
th Old World. Sti I letw U It Intended
i to give cover to any ritcgresjlnii
by one New Wnr'.d power nt tne ex
pense of any other. It Is aimply a step,
und a iong attp, toward Honoring the unl
veranl peace of the worul by securing
thn possibility of permanent peuco on thi i
hemisphere.
XAVV UHI'AimilJXT,
Work of IJiihtitlilltiic II Must
lie
feleittllly Coiillniiril,
Tho work of upbuilding the Navy must
be steadily continued. No one point ot our
poilcy, foreign or domestic, la more Im
portant than thla to the honor nnd nut
t.rlai welfare, and above all to the peace,
of our Nation In the future. Whether
we dietlre It or not, wo muat hencefortn
rtcognlzt! that we have International du
ties no leas than International right,
Ien if our flag were hauled down In the
Philippines nnd Porto niro, even If we
decided not to build the Isthmian canal,
we Mm. u. 'i necu a lnoiui.Kii.y tiamtti .tuvy
of adequate size, or else be prepared defin
itely and for all time to nbandon the
Idea thnt our Nation la among those
whose sons go down to the aca In shlrst.
IJnlerti our commerce l always to bo
carried in foreign bottoms, we must have
war craft to protect it.
.Should lie n Cessation.
There ahouid be. no cessation In the
work of complet'ng our Navy. So far
ingenuity haa been wholly unable to ele
viae .-. aubat:tute for tho great war
craft whose hammering guns beat out
the mastery of the high cas. It Is unsafe
and unwlac not to provide thla year for
aeveral additional battle-ship and heavy
armored cruisers, with auxiliary and
i:ghter craft In proportion; for the exact
numbers and character I refer you to
the report of the Sicretnry of the Navy.
Hut there la something we need even more
than additional ships, and thla la addi
tional oltlcrra and men. To provide bat-tle-ahlps
and crulseree and then lay them
up, with the expectation of leaving them
unmanned until they are needed In actual
war, would be worse than folly; it would
be a crime against the Nation.
Thr .nvnl Mllltln.
The naval militia forces are state organ
ization, and are trained for count service,
and, In event of war, they will conatltute
tho Inner line of defense. They ahouid re
ceive hearty encouragement from, the
General Government.
Hut in addition we ahouid at once pro
vide for u Nnt.onal naval reserve, organ
ized and trained under the direction of
tho Navy Department, nnd subject to the
coll of the Chief Executive whenever war
bc-comin imminent. It ahouid be a real
auxiliary to the naval seago.ng peace ea
tahllahment, and olfcr mateilal to be
drawn on at once for manning our ships
in time of war. It ahou.d be compoaed
of giaduatea of the Naval Academy, grad
uates of the naval mll.tla, ofilcera and
rrew of coasf-llne steamers, longshore
schooners, fiehlng veoaels nnd xteam
yachts, together with thr coaat population
about such centers as life-saving statlona
and lighthouses.
WAIl I)KIltTMi:.T.
Army la Lnrxi- KiioiikIi nt the Pres.
ent Time.
It Is not necessary to Increase our Army
beyond Its preaent size at this time. But
It Is necessary to keep It at the highest
point of elllclency. The individual units
who aa ofilcera and enlisted men compose
this Army, are, we have good reason to
believe, at least as efficient as those of
any other army In the entire world. It
Is our duty to see that their training la
of a kind to Insure the highest possible
expression of power to these un.ts when
acting in combination.
The conditions of modern war are such
as to make an infinitely heavier demand
than ever before upon the Individual char
acter and capacity of the ofllcer and the
enlisted man, and to make it far more
difficult for men to act together with nf.
ieci. ai present ino ngnimg must be done
in extended order, which means that each
man must act for himself and nt fhnm
lime net In rnmhlnnllnn with AViVC
whom he, is no IonBer In the bld-fMhloned
elbow-to-elbow touch. Under such rnn-
unions a few men of the highest excel
lence are worm more man many men
wnnout me special skui wnich Is only
found as the result of snecleil trntnfni- nn.
plied to men of exceptional physique and
morale. Hut nowadays the most valuable
ugiuing man ana me most difficult to per
feet Is the rlfit-man who la also n skti.ful
and daring rider.
The proportion of our cavalry regiments
iiua wisely oeen increasea.
Ccn crtil Staff.
A general staff should be created. As
ior ine prescne stau ana supply depart
rSenfr mTsUVd1 bUTS diTalls
from the line, the men so detailed return-
Ine after a while to their line duties. It
'jt very undesirable to have the senior
graaes or tne Army composed of men who
nave come to nil
the nositlons bv the
mere fact of seniority. A system s'hould 6 . "'J iX" 9 l"" S " W .
ha .1 ..... ,i ,,. ,. .v.i-1. . i. .. ... - ii i nituted should be made a Dermanent Gov-
"".". ii.c.o iuii i n
i elimination, erode tiv craiie nr tnnun wnn
seem unlit to render the best service In
mi iit Bmuf, justice io me veterans
Ul IIIU I.IV11 War Wtlll nre SI111 in inPIK..f .1 olnl .1 i. D-nnnmln nml .nn fl e.l
,aw the aame DI.Ivllees accorded to their
uuuiruues in inn in'v.
' iciu i.Aere'ies
Our Armv is so small and so much scat.
tered that It is verv difficult to clve the
higher olilcers (as well as the lower nlllccrs
and tho enlisted men) a chance to ornctice
miiuw iiiuuiuiy io wotk aa a conereni
,0.n.K"a"iiul?n?. "."'H? 'La-u.erI
whereby it will be possible to have Held wherever established has been so marked,
exercises by at least a division of resu- and actual experience has made its bene
Inrs, and, If possible, also a division of fits so plain, that the demand for Its ex.
National Guardsmen once a year. These tension is general and urgent.
ivhen assembled Khnnid lie mnrcho.1 frnm
somo inland point to somo point on the
waier, mere emoarKeu, aisemoarKeu arier
a couple pf days' Journey at some other
point, nnd again marched Inland. Only
by actual handling and providing for men
uy uciuui iiuiiuiitiK aim pruviuniK ior t en
in masses while they are marching, camp-
ing, emuarKing ana aisemoarKinc. win it
bo possible to train the higher otttcers to
perform their duties well and smoothly.
llcorjsuiilaliigr the Army,
fi.nh imi.l ha. nlrnmli. nnma tmm Ihn
act reorganizing the Army, passed early
in tho present year. The three prime re
forms, all of them of literally Inestimable
value, are, first, the substitution of four-
year details from the line for permanent
nntnlntman. In thn .n.nnllc olr.IV II, . I
appointments In tho so-called staff dlvl-
aionsi second, the establishment of a
corps or artillery with a chief at the
head; third, tho establishment of a max
imum and minimum limit for the Army.
It woulu be dlHlcult to overestimate the
improvement in tne efficiency of our Army
which these three reforms are making,
ana nave in part mreaay effected.
Volunteer Farces
Anllrni Bhmttil ho tnlepn In rAfernnr-A tn I
the militia nnd to the raising of volunteer
forces. Our militia law Is obsolete and
worthloss. Tho organization and arma-
mene nf thn Nntlnnn (lunril of Ihn .nvnr.-il
aintra which nm imnteii n. miuiin in im
appropriations by the Congress, should be
made Identical with those provldod for
tne regular forces. The obligations and
duties of the gunrd In time of war should
be carefully detlned, nnd a system estah-
I'sheil liv law under which thn tnr.thn.1
of procedure of raising volunteer forces
ahouid bo prescribed in ndvance. It la ut
! ', ,T, . . . ' "v
terly Impossible in tho excitement nnd
hnsta or linnondlnir wnr In iln thi. .nt.
been made long beforehand. Provision
should bo mado for utilizing in the Hrst
volunteer organizations called out the
training nr thewn citizen. wi, i!
rendy hod experience under arms, and
especially for the selection in ndvance Tnr
th' n, 7 " V?....av?? ,?
' . " i
the otilcers of any force which may be
raised for careful selection ot tho kind
UVi. - uy ea imposaiuie uiier ine ouioreag
war,
Debt Our (o the Vriernnn Who Snvrtl
the Union.
Nn other citizens deserve ao well ot
the llrpuhllr ns thr vrternna, the sur
vivors uf those who saved the Union, Thoy
in. i ine one deed which. If left undone,
would have mennt that all else in our
history went for nothing. Iiut for their
atindfnat proweae In the greatest crisis ot
orr hutory, nil our annals would bo mean
ingless, and our great experiment in pop
ular freedom and self-government a
gioomy failure.
Civil Srrvlrr.
I recommend the pasange of a law
wliloh will extend the classified aervlco
to the IJiatrlct of Columbia, or will nt
least enable the Prealdent thus to extend
It. In my judgment all Inwa providing for
the temporary employment of clerks
ohoiilil hereafter contain provision that
they be selected under the civil service
law.
It la Important to havo thla system
obtain at home, but It la even more Im
portant to have It applied rigidly In our
Insular possessions. Not an olllco should
be tilled In the Philippines or Porto Itlco
with any regard to the man's partisan
afllllntlnnB or services, with any regard to
the political, social or personal influence
wnicn tie may have nt hla command: In
short, herd ahouid be paid to absolutely
nothing savo tho mnn'B own character
and capacity and the needs of the serv
ice. The merit avstem ta almntv one method
ol Becurlng honest and i itlcient adminis
tration or tnr uovcrnmcnt; nnd in tno
long run the sole Justification of any typo
of government Ilea In its proving Itself
both honeat and efficient.
Consular Service.
The consular servico is now organized
under the provisions of a law passed In
ISM, which Is entirely Inadequate to ex
isting conditions. The Interest ahown by
ao many commercial bodies throughout
the country In the reorganization of tho
service la heartily commended to your at
tention. Several bills providing for a new
consular service have In recent years
been submitted to Congress. They aro
baaed upon the Just principle that ap
pointments to the service should be made
only after a practical test of the appli
cant's fitness, that promotions should be
governed by trustworihvncas, adaptabil
ity and zeal In the performance of duty,
and that the tenure of office should bo
unaffected by partisan considerations.
Treatment of Inillniis.
In my Judgment the time has arrived
when we should definitely make up our
minds to recognize the Indian as an Indi
vidual and not aa a member of a tribe.
The general allotment act la a mighty
pulverizing engine to break up the tribal
mass. It acts directly upon the family
and the Individual. Under Its provisions
some 60,000 Indians have already become
citizens of the United States. We should
now break up the tribal funds, doing for
them what allotment does for the tribal
lands that Is, they should be divided into
individual holdings. There will be a tran
sition period during which the funds will
In many cases have to be held In trust.
Thla Is the case, also, with the lands. A
stop should be put upon the Indiscrim
inate permission of Indians to lease their
allotments. The effort should be stead
ily to make the Indian work like nny oth
er man on his own ground. The mar
riage laws of the Indians should be mado
the same as those of the whites.
St, Loilla nxnnaltlnn.
I bespeak the most cordial sup
port from the Congress and the
people for the St. Louis Kxposl
tton to commemorate the 100th an
niversary of the Louisiana Purchase.
The people of Charleston, with great
energy and civic spirit, are carrying on
an exposition which will continue
throughout the most of the present ses
sion of Congress. I heartily commend
this exposition to the good-will of the
people.
I.thrnry nt CnnKres.
Perhaps the most characteristic cduca-
. I ...... I mm.AmAnfr it Ilia nail fSi VAflN Ia
' ..j .u i.
inai WHICH ima "" " ' n"
U1,c "brar' a JeLP i 'X,- "rJIS
active service. There are now over 5000
nubile libraries in the United States, the
product of this period. In nddltlon to ac
cumulating material, they are also striv
ing by organization, by Improvement in
method, and by co-operation, to give
grenter efficiency to the material they
hold, to make It more widely useful, and
by avoidance oi unnecessary duplication
In process to reduce the cost of Its ad
ministration. In these efforts thev naturally look for
assistance to the Federal library, which,
though still the Library of Congress, and
s? 19 h,e one NatlonaI oC
n0 United btates.
Pcrmmieiit Cennna Ilurenn.
For the sake of good administration.
sound economy and the advancement ot
"""""
-----, , ------ -- - . , -,-. . -
i ernmenc Dureau. iius wouia insure Hei
Iter, cheaper and more satisfactory work.
i m me interest not otuy ot our uuaineas.
The- Postal Service.
Tho remarkable growth of tho postal
service Is shown In the fact that Its reve.
nues have doubled and Its expenditures
have nearly doubled within 12 years. Its
progressive development compels con
stantly Increasing outlay, but In this re
"c s"" "u"u' "ul ' f
$3,923,727 In 1901. Among recent postal ad
vances the success of rural free delivery
thnt the great agricultural
should share In the Improve.
service. The number of rural
routes now In operation Is C009. practically
all established within three years, and
there are tow applications awaiting action
n Is expected that the number In opera,
.ion nt thn close of thn current hmi J..
"? ' e e"!.,fls??L yea
,uiii Mn.i, Ci-m Tho mnn n.m . . . r
h '1 .reac!.1 jf)0,,T';e mali -ilLl11" ba
lq'." e "" ,iw,uwui our
people who have heretofore been depend.
em upon uistant oiuces, ana one-third of
all that portion of the country which la
adapted to It will be covered by this kind
' service.
Chinese Situation.
Owing to the rapid growth of our power
and our Interests on the Paclflc. whatever
happens In China muat be of the keenest
Xnlnn.t nnnn ...
National concern to us.
The general terms ot the settlement nr
the questions growing out of the nntl
forelgn uprisings in China of 1900.
been formulated In a Joint note addressed
to China by the representatives of the
injured powers In December last, wero
promptly accepted by the Chinese Gov
ernment, After nrotrnctetl ennferonon.
the plenipotentiaries of the several powers
WCrG able tO sign tt final nrotncnl wllh
tll ci,,"es8 Plenipotentiaries on the 7th
ot last September, setting forth tho mcas-
ures taicen oy China In compliance with
ma UL-iuuiius oi ine joint note nnit .
pressing their satisfaction therewith re
wl" 06 la'd before the Congress, with a
r.onor.' ot tlu) Plenipotentiary on behalf ot
'"e , un,leu Btnos. Mr. William Woodvlllo
Ijockhlll, to whom high praise is due for
f"" "'"i gou juagment and energy h
lias uispmyeu in nerformlne- nn nvimiilAn
ally dllllcult nnd delicate task.
The agreement reached disposes In n.
.n.v.....wtii, IDMI.-IIBU UlVpUSCS m O,
manner satisfactory to the powers of thn
. , . l" "... l'u"rs OI tno
contribute materially Yn tir t.Vll
lations between China ami thn nnwnV.
Under the provisions of th in,J, S
of December law rhinn h Jlnt 10ta
.lmDr' .1?00- 9,llna ha agreed to-
gation and to tnkn 7ieh nti... . '
thJ , ? ,', u?,h ot',er steDS 'or
tne.Purr088. ' facilitating fore an trade.
bv 10 ino ireneifm nr immmnm. .1 .. ,
uB tho foreign Mim7raly . h
needed. powers may deotda to ba
THEODORE nnnncvDi 1.
White House, December 3, 1901.